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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | F2: Population |
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1.5. Contact mail address | 2920 Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 11/07/2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 11/07/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 11/07/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||||||||
These summary metadata refer to the first results on the main demographic developments in the year of reference. Member States send to Eurostat the first results on the main demographic developments in the year of reference (T), containing the total population figure on 31 December of year T (further published by Eurostat as Population on 1 January of year T+1), total births and total deaths during year T. This data collection is defined under Regulation 1260/2013 on European demographic statistics. Countries may also transmit to Eurostat, on voluntary basis, provisional data on total immigration, emigration and net migration during the year (T). Eurostat's data collection on the above figures is called DEMOBAL and it is carried out in June of each year. Eurostat publishes these first demographic estimates in July of each year in the online database, in the table Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates (demo_gind). These first demographic estimates may either be confirmed or updated by Eurostat's demographic data collection taking place in December each year (called Unidemo), whereby countries submit detailed breakdowns (e.g. by age and sex) of their yearly population data, including data on migration, both at national and at regional level. The online table Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates (demo-gind) will be accordingly updated. This table includes the latest updates on total population, births and deaths reported by the countries, while the detailed breakdowns by various characteristics included in the rest of the tables of the Eurostat database (Demography domain and Migration, for example the Population by citizenship and by country of birth table) may be transmitted to Eurostat at a subsequent date. The online table Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates (demo-gind) contains time series going back to 1960; data before 2013 were collected by Eurostat from the national statistical offices on voluntary basis. The individual metadata files reported by the countries are attached to this metadata file. |
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||||||||
Population on 1 January Eurostat aims at collecting from the EU Member States data on population on 1 January. The recommended definition is the 'usually resident population' and represents the number of inhabitants of a given area on 1 January of the year in question (or, in some cases, on 31st December of the previous year). The population transmitted by the countries can also be either based on data from the most recent census adjusted by the components of population change produced since the last census, either based on population registers. (More detailed information is available in the national metadata files.) Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. The following persons alone are considered to be usually residents of the geographical area in question:
Average population The average population is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the population on 1st January of two consecutive years. The average population is further used in the calculation of demographic indicators, like the crude rates per 1000 persons. Population change The difference between the size of the population at the end and the beginning of the period Specifically, it is the difference in population size on 1 January of two consecutive years. A positive population change is also referred to as population growth. A negative population change is also referred to as population decline. The population change consists of two components: natural change and net migration. Natural change of population The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths during the year. A positive natural change, also known as natural increase, occurs when live births outnumber deaths. A negative natural change, also named as natural decrease, occurs when live births are less numerous than deaths. Net migration plus statistical adjustment Net migration is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants. In the context of the annual demographic balance however, Eurostat produces net migration figures by taking the difference between total population change and natural change; this concept is referred to as net migration plus statistical adjustment. The statistics on 'net migration plus statistical adjustment' are therefore affected by all the statistical inaccuracies in the two components of this equation, especially population change. From one country to another 'net migration p statistical adjustment' may cover, besides the difference between inward and outward migration, other changes observed in the population figures between 1 January in two consecutive years which cannot be attributed to births, deaths, immigration and emigration. Population turnover The total magnitude of changes in membership experienced by a population. It shows the 'gross' effect of the population components, by adding up gains (births and immigration) and losses (deaths and emigration) in a population, as compare to the population change which shows their 'net' effect. The population turnover consists of two components: natural turnover and migration turnover plus statistical adjustment. Natural turnover The sum of births and deaths numbers. Migration turnover plus statistical adjustment The sum of immigration, emigration numbers and the statistical adjustment reported in the population. Crude rates A crude rate is calculated as the ratio of the number of events to the average population of the respective area in a given year. For easier presentation, it is multiplied by 1000; the result is therefore expressed per 1000 persons (of the average population). The table below presents a summary with the reported reference populations based on which statistics on population, births and deaths are tranmsitted by the national statistical institutes to Eurostat. Several countries place themselves in two categories, with justification in the national metadata files.
1'Usually Resident Population' as stated in Article 2 of Regulation 1260/2013. 2 'Legal Residence Population' is composed of those persons who are entitled to be settled in the country at the reference date, either by holding the national citizenship or by other authorization issued by national authorities. 3 'Registered Residence Population' is composed of those persons who are listed on one or more registers owned by national authorities at the reference date. Each registered person shall be counted only once. 4 only events occurring in the country 5 only events occurring in the country |
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3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||||||||
Th statistical unit used is ''person'' as indicated in the online database or deductible from the title of tables or of the indicator. |
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||||||||
Statistical population is total population as defined in 3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions. |
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||||||||
The population statistics are disseminated by single country, by region and by aggregates of countries, as follows: a) The Member States of the European Union and their regional structure as defined in the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics b) The EU candidate countries and their agreed Statistical Regions following the same rules as the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics c) The EU potential candidate countries and their agreed Statistical Regions following the same rules as the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics d) The EFTA countries and their agreed Statistical Regions following the same rules as the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics e) Other countries: Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Monaco, Russian Federation, San Marino and United Kingdom. f) The geographical aggregates European Union and Euro Area, on which the dissemination covers at least the current and the previous version of their composition, the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). For details on geographical changes over time see the notes by country under 15.2 Comparability over time. National refers to the territory of a Member State within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 applicable at the reference time. Regional refers to NUTS level 1, NUTS level 2 or NUTS level 3 as defined in the Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 and available according to the classification in force at the reference time; where this term is used in connection with countries that are not members of the European Union, "regional" means the Statistical Regions at level 1, 2 or 3, as agreed between those countries and the Commission (Eurostat), at the reference time. Statistics from the UK are available only until the withdrawal of the country from the EU. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||||||||
The available time series collected and published in Eurostat database varies with the population breakdowns, with the longest time series starting in 1960 for national data and 1990 for regional data, and continuing to the latest available reference year. The completeness of the time series of the demography and migration statistics collected on voluntary basis before the entering into force of the regulations listed in "6.1 Institutional mandate – legal acts and other agreements" and of the statistics which continue to be supplied to Eurostat on voluntary basis today depends on the availability of data transmitted by the national statistical institutes. |
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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Population, births and deaths figures are disseminated in integer numbers. A crude rate is calculated as the ration of the number of events to the average population of the respective area in a given year. For easier presentation, it is multiplied by 1000: the result is therefore expressed per 1000 persons (of the average population). |
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Data referring to population on 31 December of the reference year are transmitted by the EU Member States to Eurostat under the Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 on European demographic statistics. The data are conventionally published by Eurostat as 1 January of the following year (reference year + 1). The reference period for vital events data is the calendar year in which the events occurred. The reference period for migration flow data is the calendar year in which the migration occurred. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European demographic statistics. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014 of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Not applicable. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
First demographic estimates (of year T) are released in July of the following year (T+1). Regular updates of the Eurostat database are done in-between releases, as National Statistical Institutes transmit revisions of their data. Note: The most updated data on total population on 1 January may be found in the table ''Demographic balance and crude rates (demo_gind)'' of the online database. This table includes the latest updates (or revised data) on total population, births and deaths reported by the countries, while the detailed breakdowns by various characteristics included in the rest of the tables of the domain may be transmitted to Eurostat at a subsequent date. A few situations may arise which result in displaying different figures for the population on 1 January in the different available tables or datasets for a period of time. Possible underlying reasons are:
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Not available. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website (see item 10 - 'Accessibility and clarity') respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users. |
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Population statistics are revised on a continuous base according to the most recent data released and transmitted to Eurostat by the National Statistical Institutes. The geographical aggregates and the demographic indicators are accordingly revised. Dissemination is made in line with the 8.1 Release calendar and with 17.1 Data revision-policy. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
News releases on-line. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Eurostat’s Data Navigation Tree Eurostat's data on Demography, population stock and balance Please note that the label for Germany in the GEO code list changed from the beginning of July 2023 in Eurostat dissemination tables. The new label is now: ‘Germany’. Previously, it was ‘Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG)’. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
"Demographic statistics: A review of definitions and methods of collection in 44 European countries", Eurostat, 2015 edition. For methodology documentation of each National Statistical Institute, please see the attached national metadata files. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Not available. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary information on quality assurance by country, based on the country metadata files sent by the national statistical institutes:
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Art. 11 of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 states that the Commission shall submit reports on its implementation, to the European Parliament and the Council as follows: - first report by 31 December 2018, see Report on the implementation of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 on European demographic statistics - second report by 31 December 2023 These reports are to evaluate quality of data transmitted by Member States and EFTA countries and data collection methods used and, if appropriate, should be accompanied by proposals designed for future improvement of legal framework for population and vital events statistics under this Regulation. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Population statistics are widely used for planning actions, monitoring and evaluating programmes in a number of policy areas in the social and economic fields, such as:
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
No user satisfaction surveys are carried out. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Statistical data completeness depends on the availability of raw data transmitted by the National Statistical Institutes. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eurostat collects data from the National Statistical Institutes. Information on data accuracy by country is available in the country metadata files. Please see the summary table below.
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13.2. Sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
For timeliness of data release see 8.1 Release calendar. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
The recommended definition of the 'population' for the statistics on population reported under Article 3 of the Regulation 1260/2013 and under Article 3 of the Regulation 862/2007 is the 'usually resident population' meaning all the persons having their usual residence in a Member State at the reference time. Where the circumstances described above cannot be established, 'usual residence' can be taken to mean the place of legal or registered residence. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Comparability over time could be disturbed by breaks in data series. The breaks in population series due to methodological, data processing changes or revisions in population counts reported by the countries are documented in Eurostat’s database with the flag b (break in series). The population data for the year 2021 and after take into account the results of the latest population census (held in 2021-2022). Following Eurostat’s recommendations to ensure consistency of statistics over time, several Member States (Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Portugal) have revised or are in process of revising their population time series between the reference years of the population and housing censuses held in 2011 and 2021. The revisions are expected to be published in Eurostat's tables by end of 2024. While the processing of population revisons is ongoing, it may happen that EU aggregates are not fully syncronised with the corresponding sum of countries. For more information about data revision per country, see also 17. Data revision and the national metadata reported by each country. Over time there have been methodological and geographical changes for certain countries, see the notes below:
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
The population figures transmitted by the national statistical offices to Eurostat in the framework of Demography domain may differ from those available in other domains such us National Accounts, Labour Force Survey or in the survey on Income and Living Conditions. The difference is given by the population coverage (see metadata specific to each domain). |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
See 8.1. Release calendar. |
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Not relevant. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
To further specify the general Eurostat revision policy, the following revision policy has been established for demographic and migration statistics (as available in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014, art 5): 1. Member States shall inform the Eurostat of any planned revision of the data already supplied no later than one week before the release of the revised data in the Member State concerned. 2. Member States shall provide any revised data to the Eurostat no later than one week after the release of these data. 3. Member States shall ensure that any revised data provided to the Eurostat is consistent with the whole set of data already provided. For more information please see also in the Eurostat dedicated section on demography, population stocks and balance. The policy of Eurostat is to make updates as soon as data is received and at any time during the year. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Population statistics are revised on a continuous base according to the most recent data released and transmitted to Eurostat by the National Statistical Institutes. The geographical aggregates and the demographic indicators are accordingly revised. The status of the data is indicated by using flags (flag p = provisional data; flag e = estimated; flag b = break in time series; flag f = forecast). The revision practice effectively corresponds to the revision policy of the domain listed under sub‑concept 17.1 (data revision – policy). All reported errors (once validated) result in corrections of the disseminated data. Reported errors are corrected in the disseminated data as soon as the correct data have been validated. Data may be published even if they are missing for certain countries or flagged as provisional or estimated for certain countries. They are replaced with final data once transmitted and validated. European aggregates and demographic indicators are updated for consistency with new country data. Whenever new data are provided and validated, the already disseminated data are updated and European aggregates and demographic indicators are accordingly revised. Data are usually revised for the last period. Countries however may choose the length of the revisions depending on the need. The impact of major revisions is analysed in working documents produced for experts' meetings held with representatives of National Statistical Institutes. Major revisions are pre-announced and documented in the metadata files available in dissemination. |
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18.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Demographic data are collected by Eurostat from the National Statistical Institutes. For a summary of the national sources of data please see the countries' individual metadata files or the summary table in annex. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data are collected annualy. |
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18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The annual demography data collections are carried out by Eurostat from the National Statistical Institutes in order to collect detailed updated data. |
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18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Controls are carried out on raw data transmitted by the NSIs to check if the total of a variable is consistent with the breakdown by different variables. Consistencies between different breakdowns of the same variable are verified by cross validations. Based on the detailed collected data, Eurostat is computing a series of demographic statistics. The regular calculated demographic indicators are further submitted to several validations concerning the most updated annual value but also the available time series. These validations include checking on the plausibility of the most updated annual value and on two consecutive annual values. Mathematical verifications using standard deviation and weighted average are applied, for example for breakdowns of the life expectancy by educational attainment. For more information on data validation see: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/data-validation |
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18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on the national detailed figures on population and other demographic events transmitted by the National Statistical Institutes, Eurostat derives/calculates demographic variables and geographical aggregates by applying common calculation method. Geographical aggregation For population data expressed in number, the geographical aggregation is done by arithmetical sum, when there are no missing values among the components of the respective geographical aggregate. Otherwise, they are not calculated. |
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18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eurostat collects its data from the National Statistical Institutes. The following adjustments are used by each country. For more information information please see the countries' individual metadata files.
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Not available. |
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demo_pop_esms - Population (national level) (demo_pop) |
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Statistics Explained article on Population and population change |
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