Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level (demo_gind)

National Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)

Compiling agency: National Institute for Statistics


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Metadata update
3. Statistical presentation
4. Unit of measure
5. Reference Period
6. Institutional Mandate
7. Confidentiality
8. Release policy
9. Frequency of dissemination
10. Accessibility and clarity
11. Quality management
12. Relevance
13. Accuracy
14. Timeliness and punctuality
15. Coherence and comparability
16. Cost and Burden
17. Data revision
18. Statistical processing
19. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

National Institute for Statistics
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Population and external migration statistics
1.5. Contact mail address

16, Libertăţii Ave, sector 5, cod 050706, Bucharest, Romania


2. Metadata update Top
2.1. Metadata last certified 29/06/2023
2.2. Metadata last posted 29/06/2023
2.3. Metadata last update 29/06/2023


3. Statistical presentation Top
3.1. Data description

First results on the main demographic developments in the year of reference.
3.2. Classification system

The regional breakdown of the Member States in the regional demographic tables is done under the most recent NUTS classification. There are agreements between Eurostat and Candidate countries as well as between Eurostat and EFTA countries, for which statistical regions have been coded in a way that resembles NUTS.

For more information on the versions in force, please see: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/background
3.3. Coverage - sector

Not applicable.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
3.4.1 Please indicate the definition of:
Population The mother's residence The data deaths
1.Usual Residence Population 2.Legal Residence Population 3.Registered Residence Population 4.Other 1.Usual Residence Population 2.Legal Residence Population 3.Registered Residence Population 4.Other 1.Usual Residence Population 2.Legal Residence Population 3.Registered Residence Population 4.Other
 x        x        x      

 

3.4.2 Please describe the national definition of
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
The number of population presented refers to usual resident population, at a definite date, according to international methodology and regulations in this field and comprises all the persons with usual residence in Romania, for a period of at least 12 months.

Usual residence represents the place where one person normally spends the daily rest period, without taking into account temporary absences for recreation, holidays, visits to the friends and relatives, businesses, medical treatments or religious pilgrimages. Usual residence can be the same with the permanent residence or can be different, in case of persons who choose to settle the usual residence in another locality than the domicile one from the country or from abroad.

 Live-birth is a product of conception completely ejected or extracted from the mother's body, regardless of the pregnancy duration, who after this separation gives a sign of life (respiration, heart activity, beats  cord or muscular of umbilical contractions dependent of will)

 

 Deceased is the person whose vital functions definitively ceased after a certain time passed from his birth. Immigrants are the persons who immigrate to Romania for a period of at least 12 months Emigrants are the persons who emigrate abroad for a period of at least 12 months

 

3.4.3 Please provide details of the deviations of the  national definition used from the usual residence definition.
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
 No case. No deviation from definition.  No deviation from definition.  Not available.  Not available.

In computing data for usual resident population on 1 January 2023, we applied also the guidelines on the inclusion of refugees from Ukraine who benefit from temporary protection in the EU in the usually resident population.

Thus, we took into account both criteria for estimating usual residents:

 

a) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference time; or

b) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12 months before the reference time with the intention of staying there for at least one year.

 

Regarding the persons from Ukraine granted temporary protection, criterion b) was considered.
3.5. Statistical unit

Number of persons.
3.6. Statistical population
In case of survey as data source, please describe the target statistical population (one or more) which the data set refers to
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
 Not available.  Not a survey  Not a survey  Not available.  Not available.
3.7. Reference area

Data are available at national level of geographical detail.
3.8. Coverage - Time

Not available.
3.9. Base period

Not applicable.


4. Unit of measure Top

Counts of statistical units


5. Reference Period Top

The reference date for population data is the end of the reference period (midnight of 31December).
The reference period for vital events data is the calendar year in which the events occurred.  
The reference period for migration flow data is the calendar year in which the migration occurred.


6. Institutional Mandate Top
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

Not available.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not available.


7. Confidentiality Top
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

Not available.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

Not available.


8. Release policy Top
8.1. Release calendar

Not available.
8.2. Release calendar access

Not available.
8.3. Release policy - user access

Not available.


9. Frequency of dissemination Top

Not available.


10. Accessibility and clarity Top
10.1. Dissemination format - News release

For population: yearly press release.

For live-births and deaths: monthly press release (provisional data).

For emigrants and immigrants: yearly press release.

All press releases available on INS’ website, at the following URL: http://www.insse.ro/cms/en/comunicate-de-presa-view.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

For live-births and deaths:

Monthly statistical bulletin: http://www.insse.ro/cms/en/content/statistical-bulletins.

Yearly publication: “Demographical events in 2022” (semi-definitve data); (Romanian edition only).
10.3. Dissemination format - online database

TEMPO Online (insse.ro)
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other

Not available.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Please provide a link to national methodology reports and reference metadata files available on-line concerning the supplied data.
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants Net migration
METADATA - Activitate Statistică METADATA - Activitate Statistică METADATA - Activitate Statistică http://80.96.186.4:81/metadata/viewStatisticalResearch.htm?locale=ro&researchId=4060  http://80.96.186.4:81/metadata/viewStatisticalResearch.htm?locale=ro&researchId=4060  Not available.
10.7. Quality management - documentation

Not available.


11. Quality management Top
11.1. Quality assurance

Live-births and deaths were produced according to the Article 2 (e) of Regulation (EU) 1260/2013.

Statistical adjustment  also includes records of births and deaths occurred abroad and in the country prior to the t moment and which were declared late in the civil status offices.

The indicators on international migration were produced using processed data from administrative sources, data received from the national statistical institutes of Spain and Italy, the Eurostat database on the population and international migration as well as the results of an econometric model based on small-area estimation techniques with a view to assessing the size of international migration.

The usually resident population of Romania on 1 January 2022 was calculated based on the population with usual residence in Romania at the critical moment of the 2021 Population and Housing Census (1 December 2021), to which the following elements were added:

the natural increase of the population from 1 December 2021 to 31 December 2021 (the number of live births minus the number of deceased persons) ;

–        the balance of the international migratory movement from 1 December 2021 to 31 December 2021, determined as the difference between the number of immigrants (Romanian citizens, foreign citizens or persons without citizenship who established their usual residence in Romania) and the number of emigrants (Romanian citizens who established their usual residence abroad);

–        the balance of the internal migratory movement with change of legally residence from 1 December 2021 to 31 December 2021, determined as the difference between the number of persons who arrived in a county and the number of persons who left it;

 

 The staring point for usual resident population on 1 January 2023 was the usually resident population of Romania on 1 January 2022 to  which the following elements were added:

–        the natural increase of the populationin 2022 (the number of live births minus the number of deceased persons) ;

–        the balance of the international migratory movement in 2022 determined as the difference between the number of immigrants (Romanian citizens, foreign citizens or persons without citizenship who established their usual residence in Romania) and the number of emigrants (Romanian citizens who established their usual residence abroad);

–        the balance of the internal migratory movement with change of legally residence in 2022, determined as the difference between the number of persons who arrived in a county and the number of persons who left it.

 - The balance of the internal migratory movement with the establishment of the usual residence.

 

In computing data for usual population  on 1 January 2023  we applied also the guidelines on the inclusion of refugees from Ukraine who benefit from temporary protection in the EU in the usually resident population.

Thus, we took into account both criteria for estimating usual residents:

 a) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference time; or

b) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12 months before the reference time with the intention of staying there for at least one year.

 Regarding the persons from Ukraine granted temporary protection, criterion b) was considered.

 

 

 
11.2. Quality management - assessment

"Mirror statistics" with data published by other country.

Coverage is according with REG No. 1260/2013 but slightly under/over coverage due to the data sources used for estimate the usual resident population. (eg.: no posibility to measure the intention of stay).


12. Relevance Top
12.1. Relevance - User Needs

Not available.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

Not available.
12.3. Completeness

Not available.


13. Accuracy Top
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Please report on the reasons for any unreliability of the data on:
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants Net migration
Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration (especialy for the returs and EU member states) needed to compute resident population Posible slightly under coverage estimation, due to tardive registration. Posible slightly under coverage estimation, due to tardive registration. Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on immigration (especialy for the returs and EU member states)  Posible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration. We used "mirror statistics" to estimate emigration figures. Net migration is computed as immigration minus emigration, so there is a posible slightly over/under coverage estimation due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration
13.2. Sampling error
In case of survey as data source, please provide information on the part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, which is due to the fact that only a subset of the population is enumerated.
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
 No sampling error (not a survey)  No sampling error (not a survey) No sampling error (not a survey)   No sampling error (not a survey)  No sampling error (not a survey)
13.3. Non-sampling error
In case of survey as data source, please provide information on the error in survey estimates which cannot be attributed to sampling fluctuations.
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
 No sampling error (not a survey)  No sampling error (not a survey)  No sampling error (not a survey)  No sampling error (not a survey) No sampling error (not a survey)


14. Timeliness and punctuality Top
14.1. Timeliness

According to Article 3 of the Commision Regulation (EU) No. 1260/2013 and the Commission Implementing Regulation(EU) No 205/2014, the member states will provide Eurostat with their latest national demographic data.
14.2. Punctuality

Not available.


15. Coherence and comparability Top
15.1. Comparability - geographical

No case  - Figures are on NUTS0.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Please provide information on the length of comparable time series (indicate the first reference year for which data are availble), reference periods at which series occur, the reasons for the breaks and treatments of them.
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
01.01.2003 Break in series starting with 2013, after this year figures included demographic events of persons with usual residence in Romania. Break in series starting with 2013, after this year figures included demographic events of persons with usual residence in Romania. 2008 2008
15.3. Coherence - cross domain

Not available.
15.4. Coherence - internal

Fully coherent.


16. Cost and Burden Top

Not available.


17. Data revision Top
17.1. Data revision - policy

The data on population on January 1, released in June are provisional and they will be revised in December each year.

The data on live-births and deaths are semi-definitive and it will be revised in December each year.
17.2. Data revision - practice

The data on population on January 1, released in June are provisional and they will be revised in December each year.

The data on live-births and deaths are semi-definitive and it will be revised in December each year.


18. Statistical processing Top
18.1. Source data
Please report on the data sources used for the first reference year and inform of any changes thereto,  to produce:
Population Live births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants
The indicators on the resident population were produced using processed data from 2021 Census, administrative sources, data received from the national statistical institutes of Spain and Italy, the Eurostat database on the population and international migration as well as the results of an econometric model based on small-area estimation techniques with a view to assessing the size of international migration. Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities Data on immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the "mirror statistics” on international migration (the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), data from administrative sources. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of immigrants figures for the reference year. Data on emigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the "mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants figures for the reference year.
18.2. Frequency of data collection

Live-births and deaths are collected monthly.

Migration statistics - data are collected twice a year from administrative sources, and immigrants and emigrants are estimated annualy.
18.3. Data collection

Data on live-births and deaths are collected via statistical bulletins filled by the Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Hall while performing the vital record.

Statistical bulletins are shipped monthly to the County Statistical Offices (DJS) where they are processed (encoded and inputted) into a database that is transmitted to the National Institute of Statistics of Romania (INS).

Part of the migrations statistics are obtained from administrative sources, from several bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Data concerns mainly the permanent emigrations, permanent immigrations and part of the temporary immigration, especially for those coming from third countries.
18.4. Data validation

Live births and deaths are validated in two steps: one at local level (DJS) and the second at the central level (INS).

At local (Regional statistical offices - DJS) level the following processing occurs:

  • encoding the statistical bulletins (text data is encoded in numeric format);
  • inputting the data within the statistical bulletins in a database;
  • monthly transmission of the database files to the INS;
  • collaborating both with INS and the Public Community Services to correct unclear data, inconsistencies and other errors;

At the central (INS) level the following final processing occurs:

  • received databases are imported in the main database;
  • checking the data for missing bulletins;
  • processing the data to identify errors and missing information:
    • missing data or bulletins not inputted are requested to the Public Community Services via the DJS. If the data is unavailable, it is inputted according to the instructions;
    • statistical inconsistence are verified as above, and it is kept as such if data is accounted for it;
    • inputting errors are corrected after consultation with the Public Community Services;
    • microdata checking for specific causes of deaths is performed by the Public Health Directorate.

Data on emigrants and immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the "mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics and, the opposite, the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants and immigrants figures for the reference year.
18.5. Data compilation

Live births and deaths data collected and validated at central level (INS) contain individual records of vital events (namely live-births and deaths) during a calendar year, considered by the date of registration.

The data is processed yearly, in April as semi-definitive data, in the year following the reference year. As vital events could be registered later than the legal interval of 15 days, records for statistical bulletins filled for those events are appended manually to the database including records processed by month of the reference year, while delayed records of vital events occurring the year before the reference year are excluded.

Once the yearly databases are processed, containing only records of events that occurred during the reference year, the data is ready for aggregation into tables. Tables aggregated from the yearly database after the yearly processing in April contain semi-definitive data.

During the following year, more records of vital events that occurred in the reference year will be recorded (delayed declaration and registration of the vital event). As such, the data will be revised in December of the following year and will be disseminated as final.
18.6. Adjustment

Live births and deaths are reviewed in December of the year following the reference year and they are released as definitive (final) data.

Emigration and immigration are estimated based on "mirror statistics" and adjusted based on the trends of LFS.


19. Comment Top

In computing data for usual resident population on 1 January 2023, we applied also the guidelines on the inclusion of refugees from Ukraine who benefit from temporary protection in the EU in the usually resident population.

Thus, we took into account both criteria for estimating usual residents:

 

a) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous period of at least 12 months before the reference time; or

b) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12 months before the reference time with the intention of staying there for at least one year.

 

Regarding the persons from Ukraine granted temporary protection, criterion b) was considered.


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top