Methodology
- System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework
- System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Applications and Extensions
- System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2021 – Ecosystem Accounting
- European Strategy for Environmental Accounts 2024 – 2028
Feasibility and data quality studies required under Regulation (EU) No 691/2011
Feasibility study on monetary valuation for ecosystem services accounts pursuant to Article 4(3)
Annex to the feasibility study on monetary valuation for ecosystem services accounts
Catalogue of pilot study reports
Eurostat offers grants to carry out methodological work and data collection beyond the scope of the EU regulation 691/2011 on environmental accounts. The results of these grants are available in the catalogue of pilot study reports.
Data collection
Ecosystem extent accounts
- Ecosystem extent accounts questionnaire 2024
- EU ecosystem typology 2024
- Validation rules for ecosystem extent accounts
- Technical note by the EEA on the ecosystem extent 2021 dataset
- Example for metadata for the 2024 extent accounts questionnaire
- Link to EU wide data
Ecosystem services accounts
- Ecosystem services accounts questionnaire 2024
- Link to GIS tool and EU wide data for estimating ecosystem services flows
International standards and methodological documents
- System of Environmental-Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting, 2021
- Technical recommendations in support of the SEEA EEA, 2019
Background reading and further links
- Natural Capital Accounting: Overview and Progress in the European Union
- Accounting for ecosystems and their services in the European Union (INCA) – 2021 edition (final report from phase II of the INCA project)
- JRC Technical Report: Ecosystem services accounting – Part I. Outdoor recreation and crop pollination
- JRC Technical Report: Ecosystem services accounting – Part II. Pilot accounts for crop and timber provision, global climate regulation and flood control
- JRC Technical report: Ecosystem services accounting – Part III. Pilot accounts for habitat and species maintenance, on-site soil retention and water purification
Annual air emissions accounts
- Air emissions accounts questionnaire 2026
- Validation rules for air emissions accounts 2023
- Eurostat EEEA technical note (2024) - guidelines on household's energy use and emissions
- Short AEA guidelines on residence adjustments for water and air transport (visual schemes) 2021
- Technical Note EEEA/2017/01: Allocating emissions of fluorinated gases to NACE industries in air emissions accounts
- Technical note (2016/01): Assigning air emissions and energy use to NACE L68 'Real estate activities'
- Manual for air emissions accounts, 2015 edition
- Annex I (Correspondence between CRF/NFR - NACE Rev. 2) to Manual for Air Emissions Accounts (2015 edition)
Quarterly air emissions accounts
- Methodological note on quarterly GHG estimates
- Technical note (02/2026) on seasonal adjustment of quarterly GHG estimates
Input-output modelling and tools - air emissions
- Consumption-based accounting tool, March 2022
- Creating consolidated and aggregated EU27 Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables, adding environmental extensions (air emissions), and conducting Leontief-type modelling to approximate carbon and other ‘footprints’ of EU27 consumption for 2000 to 2006
- Decomposition analysis of carbon dioxide-emission changes in Germany - Conceptual framework and empirical results, 2003
- Methodological note on FIGARO - greenhouse gas emissions estimates
- PEFA Builder tools 2026
- Video tutorial explaining the use of the PEFA builder, part 1
- Video tutorial explaining the use of the PEFA builder, part 2
- Installation instructions for the video tutorial
- Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) questionnaire 2026
- Eurostat EEEA technical note (2024) - guidelines on household's energy use and emissions
- Summary PEFA quality reports 2022
- Validation rules for physical energy flow accounts (PEFA)
- Short PEFA guidelines on residence adjustments for water and air transport (visual schemes) 2021
- PEFA guidelines for data collection 2018
- PEFA guidelines for data collection 2017
- Technical note (2016/01): Assigning air emissions and energy use to NACE L68 ‘Real estate activities’
- Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA) Manual 2014
- Defining PEFA bridging items vis-a-vis to energy statistics (Technical note 2019)
- Recording of 'intra-establishment energy flows' in physical energy flow accounts (Technical note 2019)
Environmental taxes
- Environmental taxes by economic activities questionnaire ETEA 26
- Explanatory Notes and Reporting Instructions for ETEA 26
- Environmental taxes - A statistical guide, 2024 Edition
Environmental subsidies and other transfers
- Environmental subsidies and similar transfers questionnaire 2025
- Environmental subsidies and similar transfers - Handbook 2025 Edition
Potential environmentally damaging subsidies
- EGSS data collection questionnaire, 2026
- Handbook on Environmental goods and service sector, 2016
- Practical guide on Environmental goods and services sector accounts, 2016
- EGSS list of environmental products based on CPA and CN, 2024
- EGSS quality reports by national data compilers
Further EGSS account compilation guidance (technical notes) can be found on this page under the heading ‘Monetary environmental accounts’.
- The REACH baseline study – A tool to monitor the new EU policy on chemicals - REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals) (June 2009)
- The REACH baseline study – 5 years update – Comprehensive study report (Sept. 2012)
- The REACH baseline study – 5 years update – Summary (Sept. 2012)
- Chemicals – monitoring REACH with indicators (2012)
- Compilation of chemical indicators – Development, revision and additional analyses (2016)
Air emissions
- Consumption-based accounting tool, March 2022
- Creating consolidated and aggregated EU27 Supply, Use and Input- Output Tables, adding environmental extensions (air emissions), and conducting Leontief- type modelling to approximate carbon and other ‘footprints’ of EU27 consumption for 2000 to 2006
- Decomposition analysis of carbon dioxide-emission changes in Germany - Conceptual framework and empirical results, 2003
- Methodological note on FIGARO – greenhouse gas emissions estimates
Raw material equivalents
Environmental protection expenditure accounts (EPEA)
- Environmental protection expenditure accounts questionnaire 2025
- Environmental protection expenditure accounts – Handbook, 2017 edition
- EPEA intermediate consumption – Webinar Sept 2023
- 2023 EPEA data collection – National Expenditure on Environmental Protection: estimates by CEPA, methodological note, draft September 2023
Resource management expenditure accounts (ReMEA)
- EW-MFA validation rules
- Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA), Handbook 2018 edition
- How to compile DPO and Balancing items, 13 September 2016 draft
- Economy-wide material flow accounts and derived indicators – A methodological guide, 2001 edition
- Technical note EEEA/2017/02: Further clarifying the conceptual treatment of physical imports and exports in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA)
- Technical note EEEA/2025/1: Treatment of wood in EW-MFA
- Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) 2026 questionnaire
- Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) – annexes of the 2026 questionnaire
Input-output modelling and tools - raw material equivalents
- Classification of environmental purposes (CEP)
- Annex – CEP and policy areas
- CCM data collection questionnaire, 2026
- Guidance note on Climate Change Mitigation Investments (2025)
- Guidance note on energy efficiency measures in construction of low energy buildings – technical note (2023)
- Guidance note on electric transport equipment – technical note (2020)
- CEPA and CReMA explanatory notes – technical note (2020)