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In 2023, 25.5% of the EU population aged 16 or over was living in a dwelling in which energy efficiency was improved in the last five years.  

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion were less likely to report living in dwellings with improved energy efficiency (17.8%) compared with those not at risk (27.5%). 

At national level, among people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, Estonia (47.8%), the Netherlands (45.1%) and Lithuania (32.5%) reported the highest rates of energy efficiency improvements of dwellings they live in, while Cyprus (5.0%), Malta (6.7%) and Italy (6.9%) had the lowest.  

People living in dwellings in which energy efficiency improved in the last 5 years, 2023 (% of the population 16 years or older; by current risk of poverty or social exclusion). Chart. See link to full dataset below.

Source dataset: ilc_lvhe08 

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Methodological note 

Dwellings in which energy efficiency has been improved in the last five years shows the extent to which residential properties have undergone renovations to enhance energy performance. This includes all measures that impact the thermal conditions of the dwelling. Key renovation activities covered by this indicator are: the upgrading of thermal insulation in external walls, roofs, or floors; the replacement of single-glazed windows with double or triple-glazed units; and the installation of more efficient heating systems.  

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