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5.9% felt discrimination when looking for housing
Severe material and social deprivation in the EU: 6.8%
In 2023, 6.8% of the EU population faced severe material and social deprivation. The share slightly increased compared with 2022 (6.7%).
Among EU countries, the severe material and social deprivation rates varied widely. Romania recorded the highest rate at 19.8%, followed by Bulgaria (18.0%), Greece (13.5%), Hungary (10.4%) and Spain (9.0%).
By contrast, Slovenia (2.0%), Cyprus (2.4%), Sweden, Luxembourg and Estonia (all at 2.5%) reported the lowest rates.
Source dataset: ilc_mdsd11
For more information
- Statistics Explained article on living conditions in Europe – material deprivation and economic strain
- Thematic section on income and living conditions
- Database on income and living conditions
Methodological notes
- Material and social deprivation refers to the inability to afford a set of specific goods, services or social activities that are considered by most people essential for an adequate quality of life. Persons unable to afford 7 or more of these are in severe material and social deprivation.
- The severe material and social deprivation indicator (SMSD) is part of the at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE).
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