Data by domain
In the database, data are presented by statistical area (employment, enterprises, trade, etc). The data in this section are presented using a domain-based approach (music, heritage, books and publishing) to facilitate sectoral analysis.
Music
The various EU harmonised data collections include statistical information dedicated to music. Nevertheless, data are not always available at detailed level or disaggregated by specific cultural domain.
Depending on the statistical classification and source, music may be embedded within broader categories covering other cultural activities, such as performing arts or artistic creation.
Data on employment in music include people working in economic activities (according to NACE classification) or occupations (according to ISCO-08 classification) in the following categories:
NACE rev.2
- 32.20 Manufacture of musical instruments
- 59.2 Sound recording and music publishing activities
ISCO-08
- 2354 Other music Teachers
- 2652 Musicians, Singers and Composers
- 7312 Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners
Data are sourced from the EU labour force survey (EU-LFS).
The data in this section come from the structural business statistics (SBS). Available indicators include, among others, number of enterprises, turnover, and value added.
Data as of 2021
- Sound recording and music publishing activities (NACE code 59.2)
- Manufacture of musical instruments (NACE code 32.2)
Data until 2020
- Sound recording and music publishing activities (NACE code 59.2)
- Manufacture of musical instruments (NACE code 32.2)
The database on the production of goods (PRODCOM) provides information about the production of music-related goods (mainly instruments and recorded media).
- International trade in music - musical instruments and parts of thereof
- International trade in music - musical instruments and parts of thereof, by trading partner
Data are sourced from statistics on international trade cultural in goods, which include annual data on trade of musical instruments and parts of thereof.
Data on recorded media, including music recorded on various types of physical supports, are available from the database on international trade in cultural goods. However, music content cannot be distinguished from other audiovisual content.
In statistics on international trade in services, music-related items are included within broader existing categories encompassing audio-visual services, artistic services and licences.
The survey on ICT use in households and by individuals provides annual data on listening to music online (via web radio or music streaming). These data are available by breakdowns such as age, sex, and educational attainment.
Data on private households expenditure on music come from the household budget surveys (HBS), collected every 5 years. Music-related items include 2 codes: Music-related items include 2 codes: equipment for the reception, recording, and reproduction of sound (COICOP 09111) and musical instruments (COICOP 09221). Other music-related items include recording media and tickets to live events. There are anyhow embedded in broader cultural categories.
- Index of prices for musical instruments - annual data
- Index of prices for musical instruments - monthly data
Data are sourced from the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), which shows the costs to consumers of musical instruments and their parts.
Data on attendance at live performances are available from the EU-SILC 6-yearly rolling module on quality of life. However, musical events are not collected as a separate category, but are combined with theatre and dance as live performances attendance. Similarly, statistics on people practicing artistic activities, include art, theatre, and other categories besides music.
Cultural heritage
Several EU-harmonised surveys and databases include data on topics that relate to cultural heritage across the EU. However, statistical classifications or variables often cannot distinguish cultural heritage-related items from other categories covered by broader codes, for example, for occupations using the international standard classification of occupations (ISCO) or for public expenditure using the classification of the functions of government (COFOG).
For economic activities according to the NACE revision 2 classification, the main code on cultural heritage is ‘libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities’.
The classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP) covers ‘museums, libraries, zoological gardens’.
Source is the EU labour force survey (EU-LFS).
These data come from the structural business statistics (SBS). The variables available include for example the number of enterprises, value added, persons employed per enterprise.
- Museums activities (NACE code 91.02)
- Operation of historical sites and buildings and similar visitor attractions (NACE code 91.03)
- Library and archives activities (NACE code 91.01)
Business demography statistics (births and deaths of enterprises) provide annual data. However, data are collected on a voluntary basis and are therefore not available for all countries.
Data as of 2021
Data until 2020
- Intra and extra-EU trade in antiques and works of art
- Intra and extra-EU trade in antiques and works of art, by partner
Source are the statistics on international trade in goods, which include annual data on imports and exports of objects classifiable as part of the cultural heritage, such as antiques, and works of art.
- Visiting cultural sites by sex, age, educational attainment and frequency
- Visiting cultural sites by income quintile, household type, degree of urbanisation and frequency
- Reasons for non-visiting cultural sites by sex, age and educational attainment
- Reasons for non-visiting cultural sites by income quintile, household type and degree of urbanisation
Sources are from 2022 the six-yearly rolling module on Quality of Life of the EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) and for 2015 and 2006 the EU-SILC modules on social and cultural participation.
Source is the household budget surveys (HBS). Data are collected by Eurostat every 5 years. The most recent published data refer to the 2020 wave.
- Index of prices for museums, libraries and zoos - annual data
- Index of prices for museums, libraries and zoos - monthly data
Source are statistics on the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), which show the costs to consumers of cultural heritage-related services.
Data are available for the area of museums, libraries, and zoological gardens.
Books and press
According to the Eurostat framework for culture statistics, the domain ‘Books and press’ includes activities such as creation, editing, publishing, printing, translation and distribution of books, periodicals, magazines, or newspapers, whether printed or in digital format. Available data on this domain also include consumption of these goods, both physical and digitally.
In the classification of economic activities (NACE), the books and press domain falls under code 58.1 ‘Publishing of books, periodicals and other publishing activities’, including 5 detailed classes:
- book publishing (58.11)
- publishing of directories and mailing lists (58.12)
- publishing of newspapers (58.13)
- publishing of journals and periodicals (58.14)
- other publishing activities (58.19)
The EU-LFS also provides data on the number of people describing their main job as ‘Authors, journalists and linguists’ (ISCO code 264).
For a complete view on the domain, the data below present statistics on people employed in publishing economic activities (NACE 58.1) or as authors, journalists and linguists (ISCO 264).
These data come from the structural business statistics (SBS). Available indicators include the number of enterprises, value added, persons employed per enterprise.
Data as of 2021
- Printing and service activities related to printing
- Publishing activities
- News agency activities
- Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery in specialised stores
Data until 2020
- Publishing activities
- News agency activities
- Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery in specialised stores
The database on the production of goods (PRODCOM) provide annual data on the production of printed books, newspapers, journals, and periodicals.
Source of the data are the statistics on international trade in goods, which includes annual data on international trade of printed books, newspapers, journals, and periodicals, including supporting materials related to these products, as well as maps and charts, music in manuscripts and printed cards.
- Reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age, educational attainment and number of books
- Reading books in the last 12 months by risk of poverty threshold, household composition, degree of urbanization and number of books
- Reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age, risk of poverty or social exclusion situation and number of books
- Reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age, level of disability (activity limitation) and number of books
- Reasons for not reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age and educational attainment
- Reasons for not reading books in the last 12 months by risk of poverty threshold, household composition and degree of urbanization
- Reasons for not reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age and risk of poverty or social exclusion situation
- Reasons for not reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age and level of disability (activity limitation)
Data are sourced from 2022 the six-yearly rolling module on Quality of Life of the EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC).
- Persons reading books in the last 12 months by sex and age (2007 and 2011)
- Persons reading newspapers in the last 12 months by age (2007 and 2011)
- Persons reading newspapers in the last 12 months by sex (2007 and 2011)
Data are sourced from the 2007 and 2011 adult education surveys.
- Reading online news sites, newspapers or news magazines
- Purchase of books and press online (2020 onwards)
- Purchase of books and press online (until 2019)
Data are sourced from the annual EU survey on ICT use in households and by individuals.
- Index of prices for books and press - annual data
- Index of prices for books and press - monthly data
Data are sourced from statistics on the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), which allows for the analysis of price trends for books, newspapers, and periodicals in EU countries.
It is based on the classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP). The category of includes fiction books, educational text-books, other non-fiction books, and binding services and e-book downloads. The index is also available for newspapers, magazines and periodicals.
Data are sourced from the household budget survey (HBS). Eurostat collects these data every 5 years. The most recent published dataset refers to the 2020 wave.