Industrial production down by 1.4% in the euro area and by 0.8% in the EU

Overview

In December 2025, compared with November 2025, seasonally adjusted industrial production decreased by 1.4% in the euro area and by 0.8% in the EU, according to first estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In November 2025, industrial production grew by 0.3% in the euro area and fell by 0.1% in the EU.

In December 2025, compared with December 2024, industrial production increased by 1.2% in the euro area and by 1.4% in the EU.

The annual average industrial production for the year 2025, compared with 2024, increased by 1.5% in both the euro area and the EU.

Industrial production

Monthly comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in December 2025, compared with November 2025, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 0.1%,
decreased for energy by 0.3%,
decreased for capital goods by 1.9%,
increased for durable consumer goods by 0.2%,
decreased for non-durable consumer goods by 0.3%.

In the EU, industrial production

increased for intermediate goods by 0.1%,
decreased for energy by 0.4%,
decreased for capital goods by 1.4%,
increased for durable consumer goods by 0.5%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 0.6%.

Among Member States for which data are available, the largest monthly decreases were recorded in Slovakia (-4.9%), Germany (-2.9%) and Spain (-2.6%). The highest increases were observed in Luxembourg (+6.4%), Sweden (+4.4%) and Malta (+4.2%).

Annual comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in December 2025, compared with December 2024, industrial production

increased for intermediate goods by 1.5%,
decreased for energy by 0.7%,
increased for capital goods by 4.1%,
decreased for durable consumer goods by 2.4%,
decreased for non-durable consumer goods by 2.1%.

In the EU, industrial production

increased for intermediate goods by 1.9%,
decreased for energy by 1.3%,
increased for capital goods by 4.5%,
decreased for durable consumer goods by 1.8%,
decreased for non-durable consumer goods by 2.0%.

Among Member States for which data are available, the highest annual increases were recorded in Poland (+6.9%), Sweden (+4.8%) and Croatia (+4.5%). The largest decreases were observed in Slovakia (-8.5%), Luxembourg (-7.9%) and Bulgaria (-6.8%).

Tables

Industrial production % change compared with previous month*
	Jul-25	Aug-25	Sep-25	Oct-25	Nov-25	Dec-25
Euro area 20
Total industry	0.6	-0.8	0.1	0.8	0.3	-1.4
Intermediate goods	0.6	-0.2	0.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Energy	-2.0	-0.1	1.2	1.5	-2.2	-0.3
Capital goods	1.5	-1.1	-0.2	0.3	2.6	-1.9
Durable consumer goods	1.2	-1.5	-0.3	2.4	-1.8	0.2
Non-durable consumer goods	2.0	0.1	-2.4	1.3	-2.0	-0.3
EU
Total industry	0.5	-0.7	0.8	0.2	-0.1	-0.8
Intermediate goods	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Energy	-1.7	-0.3	1.1	1.0	-1.5	-0.4
Capital goods	1.1	-0.6	0.0	0.3	2.2	-1.4
Durable consumer goods	0.9	-1.2	0.2	2.0	-2.2	0.5
Non-durable consumer goods	1.6	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3	-2.6	0.6
* Calendar and seasonally adjusted Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with previous month*
	Jul-25	Aug-25	Sep-25	Oct-25	Nov-25	Dec-25
Euro area 20	0.6	-0.8	0.1	0.8	0.3	-1.4
Euro area 21	0.6	-0.8	0.1	0.7	0.3	-1.3
EU	0.5	-0.7	0.8	0.2	-0.1	-0.8
Belgium	2.5	-0.4	-1.5	-2.0	-2.3	:
Bulgaria	0.0	0.3	2.8	-2.3	-1.4	0.2
Czechia	0.9	-1.0	1.4	-0.1	2.4	0.4
Denmark	0.2	-2.5	8.7	-5.0	-4.1	-0.9
Germany	1.3	-3.4	1.3	1.5	0.8	-2.9
Estonia	-5.4	1.4	-1.1	2.4	6.0	-1.7
Ireland	1.5	9.2	-9.2	3.6	-0.7	-0.4
Greece	-0.2	-4.0	5.2	-1.8	1.8	1.6
Spain	-0.6	-0.2	0.5	0.7	1.1	-2.6
France	0.0	-1.1	1.0	0.1	0.1	-0.7
Croatia	1.6	0.1	0.6	2.1	0.6	1.2
Italy	0.4	-2.5	2.8	-1.0	1.5	-0.4
Cyprus	0.8	-0.1	1.4	0.3	1.4	-1.1
Latvia	1.2	-2.2	1.5	1.0	-0.4	-1.4
Lithuania	-1.7	1.8	-1.8	-0.6	2.3	-0.3
Luxembourg	-2.1	5.1	-4.4	4.9	-11.4	6.4
Hungary	1.6	-2.1	1.3	0.0	-1.6	0.9
Malta	-3.5	1.6	-2.5	0.0	-0.9	4.2
Netherlands	-1.1	2.6	0.1	0.3	-0.9	0.7
Austria	1.1	-3.6	0.8	0.3	-1.0	-0.1
Poland	1.5	-0.1	4.0	-0.9	-2.9	3.2
Portugal	-0.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	-3.1	-2.0
Romania	-0.3	-1.9	1.2	0.5	-0.6	0.8
Slovenia	1.6	-1.6	1.4	0.1	-0.4	-1.5
Slovakia	0.5	0.2	3.3	-2.6	0.8	-4.9
Finland	-2.3	1.5	0.0	1.8	0.2	-0.7
Sweden	-5.7	3.1	5.9	-7.0	-0.4	4.4
Norway	0.5	1.4	4.0	-3.0	-1.9	0.8
Switzerland	1.2	-2.3	6.3	:	:	:
* Calendar and seasonally adjusted : Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with same month of the previous year*
	Jul-25	Aug-25	Sep-25	Oct-25	Nov-25	Dec-25
Euro area 20
Total industry	2.0	1.2	1.3	2.0	2.2	1.2
Intermediate goods	-0.9	-1.6	0.5	0.5	0.1	1.5
Energy	0.3	-0.5	2.0	5.0	0.6	-0.7
Capital goods	2.1	0.0	1.3	0.3	3.4	4.1
Durable consumer goods	0.1	-2.6	-2.7	0.9	-2.6	-2.4
Non-durable consumer goods	6.8	8.5	2.4	5.1	4.0	-2.1
EU
Total industry	1.9	1.2	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.4
Intermediate goods	-0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.5	0.0	1.9
Energy	-0.2	-1.1	1.3	3.4	0.0	-1.3
Capital goods	2.5	0.7	1.8	1.0	3.8	4.5
Durable consumer goods	0.0	-2.0	-1.4	0.8	-3.1	-1.8
Non-durable consumer goods	5.7	6.7	4.8	4.6	3.0	-2.0
* Calendar adjusted Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with same month of the previous year*
	Jul-25	Aug-25	Sep-25	Oct-25	Nov-25	Dec-25
Euro area 20	2.0	1.2	1.3	2.0	2.2	1.2
Euro area 21	1.9	1.2	1.3	2.0	2.2	1.1
EU	1.9	1.2	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.4
Belgium	0.3	2.4	2.0	1.5	0.5	:
Bulgaria	-8.4	-9.0	-5.7	-7.5	-9.1	-6.8
Czechia	1.8	-1.2	0.8	1.0	5.8	3.8
Denmark	-4.0	-3.9	11.2	0.9	0.1	-6.3
Germany	2.0	-3.9	-0.9	1.2	1.0	-0.7
Estonia	0.7	1.0	-1.7	-1.2	3.4	0.2
Ireland	7.7	28.5	6.7	8.7	8.4	3.2
Greece	-0.5	-2.0	8.2	3.3	4.4	4.0
Spain	2.5	3.1	1.5	1.3	4.9	-0.5
France	1.9	0.3	1.5	1.6	1.9	1.6
Croatia	-0.9	3.0	0.0	5.3	8.7	4.5
Italy	0.9	-3.0	1.4	-0.2	1.4	3.2
Cyprus	1.9	2.3	4.4	3.9	9.8	3.6
Latvia	9.4	2.3	6.2	8.4	7.2	1.0
Lithuania	0.8	0.7	-2.6	2.3	2.6	0.2
Luxembourg	-3.4	9.8	-2.1	3.3	-8.0	-7.9
Hungary	-1.5	-4.8	-1.5	-3.2	-5.5	-1.0
Malta	6.3	7.8	0.0	-0.1	-7.8	-6.0
Netherlands	0.3	2.0	4.0	3.2	1.7	2.9
Austria	4.0	-0.2	0.8	4.1	0.8	0.2
Poland	3.1	2.4	6.0	3.5	-0.6	6.9
Portugal	2.2	1.6	2.5	-0.4	0.4	3.4
Romania	2.7	-1.0	0.4	0.5	-0.7	1.3
Slovenia	0.3	-1.5	-1.0	-2.7	-1.8	-4.1
Slovakia	-4.7	-6.3	0.6	-3.7	-4.6	-8.5
Finland	-4.8	-1.6	-0.2	2.5	1.7	2.0
Sweden	4.4	8.2	14.4	5.2	2.9	4.8
Norway	-3.4	1.7	20.6	5.1	2.0	2.3
Switzerland	-2.7	0.7	9.2	:	:	:
* Calendar adjusted : Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Production indices for total industry, calendar and seasonally adjusted (base year 2021)
	Jul-25	Aug-25	Sep-25	Oct-25	Nov-25	Dec-25
Euro area 20	98.9	98.1	98.2	99.0	99.3	97.9
Euro area 21	98.9	98.1	98.2	98.9	99.2	97.9
EU	100.4	99.7	100.5	100.7	100.6	99.8
Belgium	93.2	92.8	91.4	89.6	87.5	:
Bulgaria	91.6	91.9	94.5	92.3	91.0	91.2
Czechia	100.7	99.7	101.1	101.0	103.4	103.8
Denmark	131.3	128.0	139.2	132.3	126.9	125.7
Germany	93.0	89.8	91.0	92.4	93.1	90.4
Estonia	86.5	87.7	86.7	88.8	94.1	92.5
Ireland	118.5	129.4	117.5	121.7	120.8	120.3
Greece	113.6	109.0	114.7	112.6	114.6	116.4
Spain	102.5	102.3	102.8	103.5	104.6	101.9
France	103.0	101.9	102.9	103.0	103.1	102.4
Croatia	101.5	101.6	102.2	104.3	104.9	106.2
Italy	94.2	91.8	94.4	93.5	94.9	94.5
Cyprus	110.8	110.7	112.3	112.6	114.2	112.9
Latvia	98.0	95.8	97.2	98.2	97.8	96.4
Lithuania	105.0	106.9	105.0	104.4	106.8	106.5
Luxembourg	88.1	92.6	88.5	92.8	82.2	87.5
Hungary	93.8	91.8	93.0	93.0	91.5	92.3
Malta	115.6	117.4	114.5	114.5	113.5	118.3
Netherlands	100.5	103.1	103.2	103.5	102.6	103.3
Austria	105.6	101.8	102.6	102.9	101.9	101.8
Poland	112.0	111.9	116.4	115.3	111.9	115.5
Portugal	97.2	98.3	99.3	100.2	97.1	95.2
Romania	97.5	95.6	96.7	97.2	96.6	97.4
Slovenia	93.6	92.1	93.4	93.5	93.1	91.7
Slovakia	95.5	95.7	98.9	96.3	97.1	92.3
Finland	99.8	101.3	101.3	103.1	103.3	102.6
Sweden	105.0	108.3	114.7	106.7	106.3	111.0
Norway	104.9	106.4	110.7	107.4	105.4	106.2
Switzerland	112.6	110.0	116.9	:	:	:
: Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Production indices for total industry, calendar adjusted (base year 2021)
	Jul-25	Aug-25	Sep-25	Oct-25	Nov-25	Dec-25
Euro area 20	100.1	83.6	102.6	104.1	105.5	93.8
Euro area 21	100.0	83.7	102.6	104.1	105.5	93.8
EU	100.0	86.1	104.7	106.1	106.8	96.1
Belgium	86.9	85.0	95.8	95.5	87.6	:
Bulgaria	94.4	89.7	96.8	98.1	95.4	94.8
Czechia	90.0	92.6	104.4	106.9	112.1	96.2
Denmark	121.4	124.7	143.1	139.4	134.9	128.9
Germany	92.7	82.3	94.6	94.7	100.0	86.0
Estonia	75.2	84.5	87.7	93.7	98.7	90.3
Ireland	120.3	120.8	132.6	135.5	136.9	117.8
Greece	126.6	101.5	118.4	110.4	110.6	120.7
Spain	107.5	80.1	105.9	109.6	110.4	93.2
France	101.5	79.8	104.2	108.1	107.5	104.7
Croatia	108.2	87.1	106.0	112.4	109.0	104.8
Italy	103.6	61.1	100.1	101.4	100.0	82.8
Cyprus	124.4	92.3	118.0	115.2	111.6	113.2
Latvia	103.1	101.2	101.8	108.2	106.0	94.5
Lithuania	100.7	107.7	107.4	108.5	111.7	104.9
Luxembourg	87.0	78.4	90.5	97.5	83.4	83.1
Hungary	93.7	81.3	101.2	99.2	97.0	82.4
Malta	121.2	110.3	119.1	118.9	115.2	108.2
Netherlands	98.5	94.8	104.5	106.2	106.5	103.6
Austria	106.5	90.4	107.3	107.5	107.1	100.6
Poland	108.9	104.7	118.1	124.2	114.8	112.4
Portugal	103.5	81.3	101.0	101.7	101.3	87.4
Romania	99.0	87.1	99.1	102.4	101.1	92.3
Slovenia	93.9	77.0	96.8	99.3	97.8	82.4
Slovakia	85.3	85.8	101.6	106.2	102.2	84.3
Finland	86.6	98.5	103.8	108.4	108.2	111.5
Sweden	81.5	93.5	118.6	113.6	112.2	117.1
Norway	102.8	107.7	98.8	111.9	109.7	112.7
Switzerland	109.8	100.2	117.7	:	:	:
: Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Notes for users

Revisions and timetable

Compared with data issued in the News Release of 15 January 2026, the monthly percentage changes for November 2025 has been revised from +0.7% to +0.3% in the in the euro area and from +0.2% to -0.1% in the EU. The annual percentage changes has been revised from +2.5% to +2.2% in the in the euro area and from +2.2% to +2.0% in the EU.

Methods and definitions

The index of industrial production measures the evolution of the volume of production for industry excluding construction, based on data adjusted for calendar and seasonal effects.

Seasonally adjusted euro area and EU series are calculated by aggregating the seasonally adjusted national data.

Total industry covers NACE rev.2 sections B to D. Missing observations from Member States for recent months are estimated for the calculation of the euro area and the EU aggregates.

Geographical information

Up to 31 December 2025, the euro area included Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain,

France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria,

Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland (EA20). From 1 January 2026, the euro area also includes

Bulgaria (EA21).

The aggregate data series commented on in this Euro indicator release refer to the official composition

of the euro area in the most recent month for which data are available. Thus, Euro indicator releases

with data for months up to December 2025 comment on EA20 series, while releases with data for

January 2026 onwards will comment on EA21 series.

The European Union includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden (EU27).