Euro area government deficit at 3.1% and EU at 3.2% of GDP
Overview
In the euro area the government deficit to GDP ratio decreased from 3.5% in 2023 to 3.1% in 2024, and in the EU from 3.5% to 3.2%. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio slightly increased from 87.3% at the end of 2023 to 87.4% at the end of 2024, and in the EU from 80.8% to 81.0%.
In this release, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, is providing government deficit and debt data for the years 2021-2024, based on figures reported by EU Member States in the first notification in 2025, for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA 2010 system of national accounts. This release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue.
Deficit and debt data for Euro area and EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
Euro area |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
12 613 587 |
13 722 911 |
14 604 759 |
15 160 962 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-643 043 |
-475 295 |
-515 536 |
-468 580 |
% of GDP |
-5.1 |
-3.5 |
-3.5 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
52.0 |
50.0 |
49.5 |
49.6 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.9 |
46.5 |
46.0 |
46.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
11 840 208 |
12 288 469 |
12 753 756 |
13 258 118 |
% of GDP |
93.9 |
89.5 |
87.3 |
87.4 |
|
EU |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
14 795 045 |
16 142 589 |
17 208 671 |
17 950 185 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-683 497 |
-519 214 |
-595 476 |
-568 073 |
% of GDP |
-4.6 |
-3.2 |
-3.5 |
-3.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
51.1 |
49.2 |
49.0 |
49.2 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.5 |
46.0 |
45.5 |
46.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
12 835 106 |
13 320 383 |
13 901 072 |
14 543 529 |
% of GDP |
86.8 |
82.5 |
80.8 |
81.0 |
|
|
|||||
In 2024, all Member States, except Denmark (+4.5%), Ireland and Cyprus (both +4.3%), Greece (+1.3%), Luxembourg (+1.0) and Portugal (+0.7%), reported a deficit. The highest deficits were recorded in Romania (‑9.3%), Poland (-6.6%), France (‑5.8%) and Slovakia (-5.3%). Twelve Member States had deficits equal to or higher than 3% of GDP.
At the end of 2024, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (23.6%), Bulgaria (24.1%), Luxembourg (26.3%), Denmark (31.1%), Sweden (33.5%) and Lithuania (38.2%). Twelve Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP, with the highest registered in Greece (153.6%), Italy (135.3%), France (113.0%), Belgium (104.7%) and Spain (101.8%).
In 2024, government expenditure in the euro area was equivalent to 49.6% of GDP and government revenue to 46.5%. The figures for the EU were 49.2% and 46.0%, respectively. Government revenue and expenditure ratios increased both in the euro area and the EU, compared to 2023.
Reservations on reported data
Eurostat is withdrawing its reservation on the quality of data reported by Estonia for 2023 with respect to the appropriate time of recording of military expenditure. The Estonian statistical authorities recorded the relevant expenditures in 2023.
Amendment by Eurostat to reported data
Eurostat has made no amendments to the data reported by Member States.
Tables
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
||
Belgium |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
506 047 |
563 711 |
596 203 |
613 984 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-27 335 |
-20 406 |
-24 420 |
-27 750 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.4 |
-3.6 |
-4.1 |
-4.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
54.9 |
52.3 |
53.3 |
54.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.5 |
48.6 |
49.2 |
50.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
549 266 |
578 936 |
615 573 |
642 875 |
(% of GDP) |
108.5 |
102.7 |
103.2 |
104.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
8 744 |
8 567 |
8 357 |
8 059 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million BGN) |
139 602 |
168 360 |
185 233 |
202 861 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million BGN) |
-5 535 |
-4 968 |
-3 678 |
-6 158 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.0 |
-3.0 |
-2.0 |
-3.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
41.5 |
41.3 |
38.8 |
39.8 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
37.5 |
38.3 |
36.8 |
36.7 |
Government debt |
(million BGN) |
33 279 |
37 855 |
42 393 |
48 846 |
(% of GDP) |
23.8 |
22.5 |
22.9 |
24.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million BGN) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Czechia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million CZK) |
6 307 755 |
7 049 872 |
7 618 528 |
8 010 659 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million CZK) |
-312 308 |
-216 345 |
-286 066 |
-177 173 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.0 |
-3.1 |
-3.8 |
-2.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.0 |
43.0 |
43.9 |
43.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
40.1 |
39.9 |
40.2 |
40.8 |
Government debt |
(million CZK) |
2 566 752 |
2 997 632 |
3 234 077 |
3 491 908 |
(% of GDP) |
40.7 |
42.5 |
42.5 |
43.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million CZK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Denmark |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million DKK) |
2 567 520 |
2 844 228 |
2 804 742 |
2 960 886 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million DKK) |
105 216 |
97 945 |
92 724 |
133 229 |
(% of GDP) |
4.1 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
4.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.4 |
44.9 |
46.8 |
46.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
53.5 |
48.3 |
50.1 |
51.0 |
Government debt |
(million DKK) |
1 039 517 |
969 223 |
942 073 |
920 586 |
(% of GDP) |
40.5 |
34.1 |
33.6 |
31.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million DKK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
3 676 460 |
3 953 850 |
4 185 550 |
4 305 260 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-116 436 |
-84 875 |
-103 799 |
-118 777 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.2 |
-2.1 |
-2.5 |
-2.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
50.7 |
49.0 |
48.4 |
49.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
47.5 |
46.9 |
45.9 |
46.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 503 656 |
2 570 847 |
2 632 103 |
2 688 879 |
(% of GDP) |
68.1 |
65.0 |
62.9 |
62.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
68 128 |
66 900 |
65 755 |
62 928 |
(% of GDP) |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
31 456 |
36 443 |
38 188 |
39 510 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-808 |
-392 |
-1 199 |
-601 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.6 |
-1.1 |
-3.1 |
-1.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
42.1 |
40.0 |
43.7 |
44.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.5 |
38.9 |
40.5 |
42.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
5 794 |
6 965 |
7 708 |
9 327 |
(% of GDP) |
18.4 |
19.1 |
20.2 |
23.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
480 |
482 |
481 |
481 |
(% of GDP) |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Ireland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
449 217 |
520 935 |
509 952 |
533 444 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-6 126 |
8 692 |
7 900 |
23 180 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.4 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
4.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
23.5 |
20.6 |
22.7 |
23.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
22.2 |
22.3 |
24.3 |
27.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
236 119 |
224 771 |
220 721 |
218 178 |
(% of GDP) |
52.6 |
43.1 |
43.3 |
40.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
318 |
284 |
249 |
197 |
(% of GDP) |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
184 575 |
207 854 |
225 197 |
237 573 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-13 044 |
-5 104 |
-3 042 |
3 181 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.1 |
-2.5 |
-1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
56.7 |
52.8 |
49.5 |
48.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.7 |
50.4 |
48.2 |
49.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
364 141 |
368 005 |
369 110 |
364 885 |
(% of GDP) |
197.3 |
177.0 |
163.9 |
153.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 235 474 |
1 373 629 |
1 498 324 |
1 591 627 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-82 174 |
-63 105 |
-52 669 |
-50 187 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.7 |
-4.6 |
-3.5 |
-3.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.5 |
46.4 |
45.4 |
45.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
42.8 |
41.8 |
41.9 |
42.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
1 429 404 |
1 504 105 |
1 575 378 |
1 620 602 |
(% of GDP) |
115.7 |
109.5 |
105.1 |
101.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
29 867 |
29 329 |
28 608 |
27 589 |
(% of GDP) |
2.4 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
|
France |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
2 508 102 |
2 653 997 |
2 826 542 |
2 925 642 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-165 149 |
-125 896 |
-151 709 |
-169 572 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.6 |
-4.7 |
-5.4 |
-5.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
59.5 |
58.4 |
56.9 |
57.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
52.9 |
53.7 |
51.5 |
51.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 828 781 |
2 955 639 |
3 102 542 |
3 305 287 |
(% of GDP) |
112.8 |
111.4 |
109.8 |
113.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
51 150 |
50 228 |
48 993 |
47 248 |
(% of GDP) |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
Croatia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
58 347 |
67 615 |
78 060 |
85 610 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 505 |
82 |
-618 |
-2 026 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.6 |
0.1 |
-0.8 |
-2.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
48.1 |
45.0 |
46.8 |
48.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
45.5 |
45.1 |
46.0 |
45.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
45 629 |
46 347 |
48 262 |
49 283 |
(% of GDP) |
78.2 |
68.5 |
61.8 |
57.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 842 507 |
1 998 073 |
2 131 390 |
2 192 182 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-163 603 |
-162 030 |
-154 284 |
-75 547 |
(% of GDP) |
-8.9 |
-8.1 |
-7.2 |
-3.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
56.0 |
54.9 |
54.0 |
50.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
47.2 |
46.8 |
46.7 |
47.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 686 605 |
2 764 237 |
2 869 648 |
2 966 597 |
(% of GDP) |
145.8 |
138.3 |
134.6 |
135.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
44 932 |
44 122 |
43 037 |
41 503 |
(% of GDP) |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
|
Cyprus |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
25 680 |
29 377 |
31 340 |
33 568 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-417 |
783 |
532 |
1 437 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.6 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
4.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
42.7 |
38.1 |
42.0 |
40.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.1 |
40.8 |
43.7 |
44.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
24 776 |
23 813 |
23 081 |
21 828 |
(% of GDP) |
96.5 |
81.1 |
73.6 |
65.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
364 |
355 |
343 |
327 |
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
|
Latvia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
32 284 |
36 100 |
39 372 |
40 208 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-2 331 |
-1 754 |
-932 |
-706 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.2 |
-4.9 |
-2.4 |
-1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
46.5 |
44.2 |
43.7 |
45.7 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.3 |
39.4 |
41.3 |
43.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
14 810 |
16 039 |
17 579 |
18 800 |
(% of GDP) |
45.9 |
44.4 |
44.6 |
46.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Lithuania |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
56 680 |
67 455 |
73 793 |
78 410 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-654 |
-482 |
-508 |
-1 006 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.2 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-1.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
37.3 |
36.3 |
37.4 |
39.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
36.2 |
35.5 |
36.7 |
38.2 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
24 535 |
25 672 |
27 558 |
29 972 |
(% of GDP) |
43.3 |
38.1 |
37.3 |
38.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Luxembourg |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
73 039 |
76 731 |
80 992 |
86 104 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
732 |
141 |
-640 |
888 |
(% of GDP) |
1.0 |
0.2 |
-0.8 |
1.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
42.4 |
44.3 |
47.0 |
46.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.4 |
44.5 |
46.2 |
47.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
17 664 |
19 107 |
20 268 |
22 654 |
(% of GDP) |
24.2 |
24.9 |
25.0 |
26.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
667 |
656 |
640 |
619 |
(% of GDP) |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million HUF) |
55 560 466 |
66 149 434 |
75 568 873 |
81 514 214 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million HUF) |
-3 950 388 |
-4 082 489 |
-5 099 514 |
-4 006 439 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.1 |
-6.2 |
-6.7 |
-4.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
48.1 |
48.7 |
49.2 |
46.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.0 |
42.5 |
42.4 |
42.0 |
Government debt |
(million HUF) |
42 345 225 |
48 856 449 |
55 139 767 |
59 875 234 |
(% of GDP) |
76.2 |
73.9 |
73.0 |
73.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million HUF) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Malta |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
16 676 |
18 270 |
20 541 |
22 471 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 161 |
-954 |
-972 |
-825 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.0 |
-5.2 |
-4.7 |
-3.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
39.5 |
37.7 |
36.7 |
38.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
32.5 |
32.5 |
32.0 |
34.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
8 305 |
9 052 |
9 831 |
10 648 |
(% of GDP) |
49.8 |
49.5 |
47.9 |
47.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
227 |
223 |
218 |
210 |
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
|
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
891 550 |
993 820 |
1 067 599 |
1 134 115 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-19 599 |
115 |
-3 820 |
-10 084 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.2 |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.9 |
43.2 |
43.2 |
43.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.7 |
43.3 |
42.8 |
43.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
450 239 |
481 145 |
482 228 |
491 585 |
(% of GDP) |
50.5 |
48.4 |
45.2 |
43.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
14 345 |
14 086 |
13 740 |
13 850 |
(% of GDP) |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Austria |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
406 232 |
448 007 |
473 227 |
481 940 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-23 129 |
-15 325 |
-12 377 |
-22 484 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.7 |
-3.4 |
-2.6 |
-4.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
56.0 |
53.1 |
52.7 |
56.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.3 |
49.7 |
50.1 |
51.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
334 713 |
351 131 |
371 520 |
394 131 |
(% of GDP) |
82.4 |
78.4 |
78.5 |
81.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
6 984 |
6 858 |
6 689 |
6 451 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million PLN) |
2 661 518 |
3 100 850 |
3 415 274 |
3 641 208 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million PLN) |
-46 450 |
-106 587 |
-180 078 |
-239 809 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.7 |
-3.4 |
-5.3 |
-6.6 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.6 |
43.2 |
46.9 |
49.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.8 |
39.8 |
41.6 |
42.8 |
Government debt |
(million PLN) |
1 410 966 |
1 512 812 |
1 691 243 |
2 011 840 |
(% of GDP) |
53.0 |
48.8 |
49.5 |
55.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million PLN) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
216 494 |
243 957 |
267 923 |
285 189 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-6 117 |
-757 |
3 247 |
1 994 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.8 |
-0.3 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
47.3 |
43.9 |
42.3 |
42.8 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
44.5 |
43.6 |
43.5 |
43.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
268 189 |
271 358 |
261 849 |
270 723 |
(% of GDP) |
123.9 |
111.2 |
97.7 |
94.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 054 |
953 |
852 |
701 |
(% of GDP) |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
Romania |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million RON) |
1 192 285 |
1 389 450 |
1 604 554 |
1 760 118 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million RON) |
-85 177 |
-89 370 |
-105 639 |
-163 749 |
(% of GDP) |
-7.1 |
-6.4 |
-6.6 |
-9.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
39.8 |
40.7 |
40.6 |
43.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
32.6 |
34.3 |
34.0 |
34.1 |
Government debt |
(million RON) |
576 339 |
665 491 |
784 235 |
963 941 |
(% of GDP) |
48.3 |
47.9 |
48.9 |
54.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million RON) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Slovenia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
52 023 |
56 909 |
63 951 |
66 968 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-2 399 |
-1 715 |
-1 656 |
-630 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.6 |
-3.0 |
-2.6 |
-0.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.9 |
47.7 |
46.5 |
46.8 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
45.3 |
44.6 |
43.9 |
45.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
38 930 |
41 395 |
43 739 |
44 895 |
(% of GDP) |
74.8 |
72.7 |
68.4 |
67.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 182 |
1 161 |
1 133 |
1 092 |
(% of GDP) |
2.3 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
Slovakia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
101 934 |
110 046 |
123 833 |
130 985 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-5 189 |
-1 836 |
-6 427 |
-6 907 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.1 |
-1.7 |
-5.2 |
-5.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
44.9 |
43.0 |
48.0 |
47.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.8 |
41.3 |
42.8 |
41.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
61 346 |
63 499 |
68 896 |
77 648 |
(% of GDP) |
60.2 |
57.7 |
55.6 |
59.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 967 |
1 978 |
1 973 |
1 971 |
(% of GDP) |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
248 764 |
266 135 |
272 782 |
276 172 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-6 598 |
-477 |
-8 144 |
-12 159 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.7 |
-0.2 |
-3.0 |
-4.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
55.1 |
52.6 |
55.9 |
57.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
52.5 |
52.5 |
53.0 |
53.2 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
182 096 |
197 015 |
211 539 |
226 701 |
(% of GDP) |
73.2 |
74.0 |
77.5 |
82.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
4 510 |
4 429 |
4 320 |
4 166 |
(% of GDP) |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million SEK) |
5 464 876 |
5 865 211 |
6 212 143 |
6 447 503 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million SEK) |
-11 062 |
59 140 |
-48 547 |
-96 104 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.2 |
1.0 |
-0.8 |
-1.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
50.0 |
48.9 |
49.4 |
50.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.8 |
49.9 |
48.6 |
48.5 |
Government debt |
(million SEK) |
2 016 846 |
1 984 255 |
1 964 555 |
2 158 987 |
(% of GDP) |
36.9 |
33.8 |
31.6 |
33.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million SEK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|||||
Notes for users
Revisions and timetable
In the previous provision of data for the excessive deficit procedure, the 2023 government deficit for the euro area was 3.6% of GDP, for the EU it was 3.5%, and the government debt was 87.4% of GDP for the euro area and 80.8% for the EU. See News release of 22 October 2024.
Methods and definitions
According to Article 14 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, Eurostat publishes the actual government deficit and debt data for the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure, within three weeks after the reporting deadlines.
The Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the EC Treaty, defines government deficit (surplus) as the net borrowing (net lending) of the whole general government sector (central government, state government, local government and social security funds). It is calculated according to national accounts concepts (European System of Accounts, ESA 2010). Government debt (commonly known as Maastricht or EDP debt) is the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the year (at nominal value).
Table of euro area and EU aggregates: the data are in euro. For those countries not belonging to the euro area, the rate of conversion into euro is as follows:
- for deficit / surplus and GDP data, the annual average exchange rate;
- for the stock of government debt, the end of year exchange rate.
Table of national data: the data are in national currencies.
General government total expenditure and revenue are reported to Eurostat under the ESA 2010 transmission programme. They cover non-financial transactions of general government, and include both current and capital transactions. For definitions, see Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union.
Intergovernmental lending
For the purpose of consolidation of general government debt in European aggregates and to provide users with information, Eurostat is collecting and publishing data on government loans to other EU governments, including those made through the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). For the years 2021 to 2024 the intergovernmental lending figures relate mainly to lending to Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
Reservations and amendments
The term “reservations” is defined in article 15 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009. The Commission (Eurostat) expresses reservations when it has doubts on the quality of the reported data.
According to Article 15 (2) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the Commission (Eurostat) may amend actual data reported by Member States and provide the amended data and a justification of the amendment where there is evidence that actual data reported by Member States do not comply with the quality requirements (compliance with accounting rules, completeness, reliability, timeliness and consistency of statistical data).
Geographical information
Euro area (EA20): Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
European Union (EU27): Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.
For more information
For further information on the methodology of statistics reported under the excessive deficit procedure, please see the Eurostat publication "Manual on Government Deficit and Debt - Implementation of ESA 2010 - 2022 edition", published in February 2023.
Note on main revisions: Eurostat publishes on its website a note containing specific explanations of the largest revisions in deficit and debt for 2021-2023 between the October 2024 and April 2025 notifications, as well as in GDP.
Background note and supplementary tables on government interventions to support financial institutions: Eurostat publishes supplementary tables by Member State on the impact of the government support to financial institutions on its website. Eurostat also publishes a background note providing further information on the supplementary tables, including summary tables for the EU and the euro area. Table 2 of the background note shows government deficit/surplus data for 2023 and 2024 excluding the impacts of government interventions to support financial institutions. It should be noted that this adjusted measure of government deficit/surplus is only intended to be an improvement in the presentation of data for users.
Stock of liabilities of trade credits and advances: Eurostat publishes on its website, as complementary information on government liabilities, data on trade credits and advances, as reported by Member States for the years 2021 to 2024. According to Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the liabilities in trade credits and advances of government units are not part of EDP debt.
Stock-flow adjustment: Eurostat also publishes a note on the stock-flow adjustment which presents the contribution of deficit/surplus as well as other relevant factors to the variation in the debt level.
Eurostat will also be releasing information on the underlying government sector accounts on the government finance and EDP statistics section on its website.
Get in touch
Media requests
Eurostat Media Support
Phone: (+352) 4301 33 408
Further information on data