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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | E5: Energy |
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1.5. Contact mail address | L-2920 Luxembourg |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 29/01/2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 29/01/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 29/01/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers. |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual natural gas consumption bands and tax levels. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc). |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption. For the households sector, these bands are:
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices: 1- Semestrial prices: These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
2- Annual prices: These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE). Some of the taxes are refundable, as defined in the national metadata. Since reference period 2021 semester 2, countries report subsidies and allowances to alleviate the increased energy costs. Detailed description is available in the national metadata. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Member States must ensure that a representative share of the national market is covered by their data collection system. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
Electricity prices are presented at national level for EU Member States, EFTA and candidate countries. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
The first full set of price data that was collected with the new methodology is available from the second semester 2007 onwards.
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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Prices are reported in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and does the conversion to kWh. |
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For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2. For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December). |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
At EU level:
At national level:
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation apart from its usual dissemination channel (Eurostat's database, Statistics Explained articles and press or news releases). |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
At EU level:
At national level:
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Published data should not allow the identification of single consumers. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
The precise date of data release is disseminated on Eurostat's website (select language and release calendar). |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Link to the release calendar: Release calendar - Eurostat (europa.eu). |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website (see item 10 - 'Accessibility and clarity') respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users. |
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semestrial |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Gas prices for the household sector are announced semestrially end-April and end-October for the previous reference period. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Data is disseminated in the form of a Statistics Explained article every 6 months. The full scope of all prices for all consumption bands is available from Eurobase. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Please consult the data on-line |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Not available |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
No micro data is collected or available for dissemination. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not available. |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
not applicable |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
The methodology for Prices collection is available at: Prices - Energy - Eurostat (europa.eu) |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
100% |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Quality reporting is available at: Prices - Energy - Eurostat (europa.eu) |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952, "Every three years, Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with a standard quality report on the data in accordance with the quality criteria laid down in Article 12(1) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. Those reports shall include information on the scope and collection of the data, the calculation criteria, the methodology and data sources used, and any changes thereto." |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
As the methodology for the data collection of the gas prices is well defined, the data set provides price information that is comparable between countries. However, users should be aware, that whenever gas prices in Euro for non-Euro countries are compared in time, the effects of differences in exchange rates are also taken into account. Whenever prices are calculated and/or presented in Euro, the average exchange rates of the 2 quarters of the appropriate semester are taken as a reference |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Gas prices are of vital importance for the society and the economy. Prices for households affect quality of life. At the same time, prices for non-households have a significant impact on production costs and also affect energy efficiency. The main users of energy price data are other units within Eurostat, other Directorates General of the European Commission [DG ENER, DG MOVE, DG COMP, DG ECFIN, DG TAXUD etc.], other European Institutions [European Parliament] and Agencies [European Environment Agency, the Energy Community Secretariat], international organisations [the International Energy Agency – IEA, Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries –OPEC, etc.], national authorities, businesses, professional associations [Eurogas, Eurelectric, etc.], news agencies [Reuters, Bloomberg], researchers/academics and other users. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Eurostat user satisfaction surveys cover the energy domain. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 reporting countries provide to Eurostat the complete dataset. |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
100% |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
The published prices are based on real invoiced prices that are paid by end-users The published disaggregated prices are based on real invoiced prices that are paid by end-users. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not available. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not available. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
Price data are delivered to Eurostat 3 months after the reference period or earlier. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable at European level |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Not applicable at European level |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
For the reference periods 2019, 2020 and 2021, semester 1 and 2, Eurostat received 1647 data transmissions for Prices. 84.8% of the first transmissions were submitted on time. 90.7% of the first transmissions were submitted in one week after the legal deadline. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Pursuant to Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952, "The Commission (Eurostat) shall disseminate natural gas and electricity price statistics no later than five months after the end of each reference period." Eurostat disseminates the data one month before the legal deadline. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Good comparability as a unique methodology is in place that describes the collection of gas and electricity prices. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
From 2017 first semester onwards, prices are reported according to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952. From 2007 second semester onwards, prices are reported with a new methodology as defined in Commission Decision 2007/394/EC. For prices that were collected before this time a different methodology was in place. Comparing the new methodology prices with old methodology prices is possible, but the reader should be aware, that not only standard reference consumers were replaced with standard bands, but also that the data collection with the new methodology is done on real price data while the old methodology was often performed on tarif price data. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
Please refer to national metadata. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Not applicable |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
Not applicable |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Not applicable |
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Not available at European level. For the cost and burden at national level, please refer to the relevant metadata. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
In case, only provisional national price data is available, this data is marked with a "p" (provisional). This provisional data is used for calculating (provisional) EU aggregates. As soon as definitive data is available, both the final national data as well as final corrected aggregated data are introduced. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
The revision practice effectively corresponds to the revision practice of the domain, as listed under sub‑concept 17.1 (data revision – policy). Reported errors are assessed for seriousness to determine whether they should trigger a correction of already disseminated data. When relevant, reported errors are corrected in the disseminated data as soon as the correct data have been validated. Data may be published even if they are missing for certain countries or flagged as provisional or of low reliability for certain countries. They are replaced with final data once transmitted and validated. European aggregates are updated for consistency with new country data. Whenever new data are provided and validated, the already disseminated data are updated either right away or with the next regular production cycle, depending on the impact of the change. Time series breaks caused by major revisions are flagged. Whenever feasible, back-calculation is applied to provide break-free data. Incoming data is validated by Eurostat, by checking the price data on consistency and completeness. In case of abnormal increases or decreases, the reporting organisation will be requested to reconfirm the data. In practice, between 2-5 Member States report price-corrections (per dataset). These corrections might be due to the availability of final data instead of provisional data, or due to corrective measures. The prices are not seasonally adjusted. |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
not applicable at European level |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Natural gas price data is reported by National Statistical Institutes, Ministries, Energy Agencies, or or system operators. EU aggregates are calculated by Eurostat by weighting the national prices with the latest available national consumption for households and non-households. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
semestrial |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
Eurostat provides questionnaires (currently in excel or SDMX-csv format) to all data providers that cover the following areas:
Price Data for electricity is collected by the reporting authorities of the States from suppliers. This micro data is then aggregated by the reporting authorities to national average prices. Countries ensure that the sample is sufficiently large to ensure that a representative national price is achieved. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
National input data arevalidated by Eurostat for consistency and completeness. In case of inconsistent price data, the data providers are contacted to request a reconfirmation of the data. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Member states must report national prices that are representative for the whole country. EU aggregates are calculated by Eurostat, once the price data set is complete. |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
not applicable at European level |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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Exchange rates to convert non-euro prices to euro-prices are taken as the average exchange rate for quarter 1 and 2 (for semester 1 price data) and as the average rate for quarter 3 and 4 (for semester 2 data). |
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