Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Devlet Mahallesi Necatibey Cad. No:114 06420 Çankaya/Ankara
1.6. Contact email address
Duygu ÖZBAKIŞ: duygu.ozbakis@tuik.gov.tr
Mustafa YARDIMCI: mustafa.yardimci@tuik.gov.tr
1.7. Contact phone number
Mustafa YARDIMCI: +90 (312) 454 78 20
Duygu ÖZBAKIŞ: +90 (312) 454 77 66
1.8. Contact fax number
[The fax number of the person responsible for the statistical domain.]
2.1. Metadata last certified
12 July 2022
2.2. Metadata last posted
15 June 2022
2.3. Metadata last update
15 June 2022
3.1. Data description
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers.
3.2. Classification system
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual natural gas consumption bands and tax levels.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE).
3.5. Statistical unit
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
3.6. Statistical population
Household customers: Data coming from 70 suppliers out of 70 and representing 100% of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 94 suppliers out of 94 and representing 100% of the final non-household customers.
3.7. Reference area
The national territory of the Republic of Türkiye.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Natural gas prices data for Turkey are available since 2013.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Prices are reported in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh. Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At EU level:
Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2169 of 21 November 2017 concerning the format and arrangements for the transmission of European Statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/803 concerning the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
At national level:
No legal acts and other agreements at national level.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
At EU level:
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation appart from its usual dissemination chanel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release) .
At national level:
Data is sent to eurostat.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At EU level:
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
At national level:
No legal acts and other agreements at national level.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Published data should not allow identification of single consumers.
8.1. Release calendar
The date for publication of statistical information on prices is listed in the Release Calendar of Turkish Statistical Institute. Data on prices of natural gas for household and final non-household customers is published three months after the reporting period.
Official statistics are presented in a clear and understandable manner, published in an appropriate and convenient manner, and are available and accessible, with metadata and guidance to support impartiality. It is aimed to develop a user-oriented information distribution system in the production and distribution of statistics and to share them with the public through various communication tools and channels, especially the use of the internet and mobile applications.
Natural gas prices of Türkiye are published twice a year at the NSI website and on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Natural gas prices for both the household sector and industrial end-users are announced with a news release in homepage of TurkStat twice a year, in March and September.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
No other national publications related to the data.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
There is no online database.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
TurkStat does not give access to microdata related to natural gas prices.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Natural gas prices by consumption bands tables are presented together with the news release.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Methodology and metadata files are available at the TurkStat website, section Envirenment and Energy:
The Turkish Statistical Institute had a Quality Assurance Framework since 2015. TurkStat-QAF is based on the European Statistics Code of Practice. Within the framework of these principles and the institutional strategic plan, the entire statistical business process from the production of data to the dissemination is configured on a quality axis. In this context, studies are carried out with “Institutional Quality reports”, "Quality Logo" and "Quality Monitoring Audit Tool" ("QMAT").
As the coordinator of Turkish Statistical System, TurkStat has a mission to undertake quality reviews of official statistics which are produced within the framework of the Official Statistical Programme. TurkStat has been conducting a quality review, also called "Quality Logo", of official statistics produced by ONAs since 2015. The quality logo is a system in which official statistics are evaluated according to national quality principles based on the European Statistics Code of Practice (ES-CoP). As a result of these evaluations, improvement actions are defined and monitored regularly. These reviews not only improve the quality of official statistics, but also strengthen the cooperation and coordination role of TurkStat.
The output quality of statistics produced by TURKSTAT is monitored by producer and user-oriented quality reports and other quality assurance methods applied in the production process. In addition, a tool called "Quality Monitoring and Audit Tool" ("QMAT") was created in order to ensure the process-product quality and compliance with the ES-CoP principles of the official statistics produced by TURKSTAT.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The quality of the natural gas prices is assessed to be high.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Users in Türkiye are suppliers and companies who compare their own prices with the published prices.
Data are also used from researchers and consultants for analyses and their studies.
No other information available for other users of these data, as they have free access to the website of TurkStat.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No user satisfaction survey has been carried out for this dataset and there is no procedure for measuring user satisfaction.
12.3. Completeness
The datasets are complete.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Data is compiled from administrative records. Data are verified for each supplier. The comparative analyses are made with the data for previous periods. The overall accuracy of the statistic is therefore estimated to be high.
13.2. Sampling error
No sampling used as the data compiled from administrative records of all suppliers.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5.
13.3.1. Coverage error
The target population is household and nonhosehold consumers. Data is compiled from administrative records of Energy Market Regulatory Authority of Republic of Türkiye where all the licenced suppliers have to declare real invoiced prices that are paid by end-users.
Producers who are also suppliers are not covered, but their precentage is quite small. The coverage error is small as the divergence between the population frame and the target population is very small, and all kinds of unit are well represented.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
No over-coverage.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
100% of the data come from the administrative records.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Data providers recieve detailed instructions of how to report data for the statistic, which reduces measurement errors in reported data. Mistakes can be made by reporting suppliers while reporting prices. Data from the data suppliers are analysed in a critical way and incorrect data are corrected after contacting the concerned data supplier.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not relevant.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
All licenced suppliers who are active legally obliged to fill the invoiced price forms.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
All suppliers provided information to all items.
13.3.4. Processing error
Natural gas price forms for collecting primary data from the suppliers is Excel formatted and reported online. At national level we aggregate manually all data in Summary Excel file where national data (previously chechked and verified) are calculated by formulas, the process is almost fully automated. Thus no processing errors occurred.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not Applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within 1 month after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 89 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 92 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 89 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 92 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
No revised data and no time lag.
14.2. Punctuality
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period. All datasets have been submitted on time.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
All datasets have been submitted on time.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Good comparability as a unique methodology is in place that describes the collection of natural gas prices.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Natural gas prices can be directly compared over time.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Data is comparible from 2013 and onwards.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Annual prices are coherent with the semestrial prices.
Not available.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revision Policy of TurkStat
Factors causing revision on statistical data are:
a) Changes in base year and reference year:
b) Benchmarking
c) Changes in source data
d) Changes in linked data
e) Changes in seasonal and calendar effects adjusted data
f) Changes in classifications, definitions and coverage
g) Changes in methodology, implementation and questionnaire structure
h) Change of the data source
i) Legal regulations
Revision types related to statistical data are:
a) Routine revisions: Revisions sourced by factors mentioned in the 6th article of this Directive, namely benchmarking, changes in source data, changes in linked data and seasonal and calendar effects adjusted data.
b) Major revisions: Revisions sourced by factors mentioned in the 6th article of this Directive, namely changes in base year and reference year, changes in classifications, definitions and coverage, changes in methodology, implementation and questionnaire structure, change of the data source and legal regulations.
Routine revision implementations
For statistics published annually or more frequently (monthly, quarterly, etc.), the routine revision implementations are divided into three sections such as enterprise, household and administrative registers by data source type.
(a) For surveys using enterprises/local units as major data source; in case of routine revision practices on monthly statistics, monthly data can be revised up to last two months and with the publication of the last data of the year, the data up to last three years can be revised. In case of routine revisions on quarterly statistics, quarterly data can be revised for up to last two quarters and at the end of each year the data up to last three years can be revised. In case of routine revision on annual statistics, data of up to last five years can be revised. In case of situations that partially affect the availability of the data (natural disasters, epidemics, etc.), with the Presidential approval it is possible to make revisions for the data of the relevant months, quarters or years when the missing data is completed.
(b) Routine revision is not implemented on non-adjusted data of surveys where the data source is households.
Routine revision is not implemented on price, consumer confidence and sectoral confidence indices.
Major revisions implementations
(1) As major revisions are extensive revisions, they require an optimization taking the frequency, size and coverage of the revision into account. For this reason, it is essential to carry out a major revision at once by considering all other potential revisions.
(2) Both revised and non-revised versions of the data are monitored by the subject matter unit for at least one year to measure the effects of factors mentioned in the 6th article of this Directive, except for legal regulations. After determining this effect, it is decided to be revised or not (For example; tracking the changes in Household Labour Force Survey by simultaneous implementation and double coding in business statistics)
(3) In case of an average absolute percentage revision size of 1% or below calculated for revision length and depth determined in the revision information form, major revisions are implemented but not announced to the public.
(4) In order to ensure the consistency of the time series of data, the data produced according to the previous definition is back casted to be aligned with the revised data. If information in accordance with the revision definition is available from previous year’s data set, then back casting with micro technique would be carried out. In cases which information in accordance with the revision definition is not available back casting is carried out by macro or model based techniques. In the back casting process, subject matter unit asks for the opinion of Methodology Department.
No revision is needed or planned for natural gas prices.
17.2. Data revision - practice
No revised data and no planned revision of data.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Households gas prices collection: 0
Non-households gas prices collection: 0.006179453
18.1. Source data
Natural gas prices for household and final non–household consumers are obtained from Petroleum Pipelines Corporation and all distribution, wholesale and import companies which is obliged to notify the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA).
18.2. Frequency of data collection
For natural gas prices: half yearly
For natural gas price components: yearly
18.3. Data collection
The natural gas price data are reported from all suppliers via price notification forms in Excel provided by Energy Market Regulatory Authority. The forms are uploaded to Energy Market Regulatory Authority Notification System. Suppliers are obliged to fill the forms that include natural gas basic price, transmission, system services, distribution and other services. The individual components are summarize to the asked sub-components of the Eurostat questionnaire.
18.4. Data validation
First of all the price notification forms are downloaded from Energy Market Regulatory Authority Notification System. All the forms are checked for completeness.
Then the unit prices and their increase/decrease rates, tax rates are controlled and compared with each other and previous semesters form by form. In case of inconsistent price data or if any outlier is detected the data providers are contacted to require a correction/explanation/clarification/justification of the data.
18.5. Data compilation
Since the administrative records are used and all the suppliers are included in the system no weighting is done. National prices that are representative for the whole country.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
No adjustments carried out.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Seasonable adjustments are not carried out.
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers.
15 June 2022
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE).
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
Household customers: Data coming from 70 suppliers out of 70 and representing 100% of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 94 suppliers out of 94 and representing 100% of the final non-household customers.
The national territory of the Republic of Türkiye.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
Data is compiled from administrative records. Data are verified for each supplier. The comparative analyses are made with the data for previous periods. The overall accuracy of the statistic is therefore estimated to be high.
Prices are reported in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh. Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
Since the administrative records are used and all the suppliers are included in the system no weighting is done. National prices that are representative for the whole country.
Natural gas prices for household and final non–household consumers are obtained from Petroleum Pipelines Corporation and all distribution, wholesale and import companies which is obliged to notify the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA).
Natural gas prices of Türkiye are published twice a year at the NSI website and on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website.
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within 1 month after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
Good comparability as a unique methodology is in place that describes the collection of natural gas prices.
Natural gas prices can be directly compared over time.
