Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Enviroment and Energy Statistics and Sustainable Development Indicators Department
Energy Statistics and Sustainable Develpment Indicators Unit
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Senior Advisor
1.5. Contact mail address
Branimirova 19, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
30 June 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
30 June 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
30 June 2025
3.1. Data description
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers.
3.2. Classification system
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual natural gas consumption bands and tax levels.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The prices are collected in EURO per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values.
VAT is fully recoverable for non-households customers.
3.5. Statistical unit
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
3.6. Statistical population
Household customers: Data coming from 39 suppliers out of 39 and representing 100% of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 39 suppliers out of 39 and representing 100% of the final non-household customers.
3.7. Reference area
Republic of Croatia
3.8. Coverage - Time
Natural gas prices data for Croatia are available since year 2005.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Prices are reported in EURO per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh. Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At EU level:
Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2169 of 21 November 2017 concerning the format and arrangements for the transmission of European Statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2018) 7465) (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/803 of 17 May 2019 concerning the technical requirements regarding the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)
Annex of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/803 concerning the quality dimensions to be assesses in the quality report
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation appart from its usual dissemination chanel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release).
At national level:
Data is sent to Eurostat.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At EU level:
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
At national level:
The Official Statistics Act (Official Gazette, No.12/13-consolidated text), chapter IX Confidentiality and protection of statistical data.
The Official Statistics Act (Official Gazette, No 25/20, 155/23), chapter IX Statistical confidentiality.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Published data should not allow identification of single consumers.
Confidential data are not shown. The most common approach is to present only aggregation of the confidential data point with the nonconfidential data that is the nearest suitable data point.
8.1. Release calendar
Data is released at the end of December each year, in Statistical Reports "Energy Statistics", chapter 5: Prices of electricity and natural gas distributed via pipelines in Republic of Croatia, according to Eurostat classes and in Statistics in line Prices of electricity and natural gas distributed via pipelines in Republic of Croatia, twice a year.
8.2. Release calendar access
Release calendar access is published on our website https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/ Calendar of Statistical Data Issues
8.3. Release policy - user access
According to the Release Date announced in the Publishing Programme and in the Calendar of Statistical Data Issues, publications of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics are released at 11:00 a.m. precisely, both in electronic format and hard copy, thus abiding by the Principle of Timeliness of the European Statistics Code of Practice, i.e. standard daily time set for the release.
Natural gas prices in Croatia are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website and in Statistics in line on CBS webpage twice a year.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
We do not publish news releases.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Data is published in Statistical Reports "Energy Statistics", 2022, 2023, 2024, chapter 5: Prices of electricity and natural gas distributed via pipelines in Republic of Croatia, according to Eurostat classes and in Statistics in line on CBS webpage twice a year.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
We have online database Statistics in line.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
We do not have data tables-consultations.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
We do not have microdata access.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
We do not have other dissemination format.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
We do not have metadata-consultations.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Statistical standards for gas prices survey is published on-line, here is the link to methodology documentation.
In order to establish a comprehensive system of quality, the Croatian Bureau of Statistics applies the model of Total Quality Management, which also contains the Code of Practice of European Statistics. This model offers a possibility of continuous improvement for each business process. It focuses not only on products and services, but also to users and their satisfaction, the active participation of employees, long-term business success and social benefit. The communication is recognized as a key element of all statistical processes that affect the business success. Total Quality Management handbook describes our system of quality and is used as a guidance.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The overall quality of the statistical outputs is generally good and quality of data is satisfactory.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
User needs are fully satisfied, the user is Eurostat.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
On regular meetings of Energy Statistics Working Group the user satisfaction is discussed.
12.3. Completeness
All statistics that are needed are available.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Most common errors for this survey are measurement errors and processing errors.
13.2. Sampling error
The sample is so high that the error is deemed negligible.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5.
13.3.1. Coverage error
There are no errors due to the coverage. The over-coverage is deemed negligible.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
The over-coverage is deemed negligible.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Administrative source is used, the proportion of data covered by surveys and administrative sources in relation to the total number of units in the survey is 70/30.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Measurement errors are revealed during the visual and calculation control of data before they are entered in the computer as well as by the default computerised logical and calculation control during data processing. When an error is spotted, reporting units are contacted for the check-up of inaccurate and incomplete data asnd for the correction of inaccurate data.
13.3.3. Non response error
All the suppliers are answering to the survey and they are providing all data point needed.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The unit non-response rate is 0%.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
The item non-response - rate is 0%.
13.3.4. Processing error
Using the rules of logical calculation control included in the data processing program, the possibility of errors is minimized.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
We do not make model assumption.
14.1. Timeliness
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within 6 weeks after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 88 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 87 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 88 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 87 days after the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
The natural gas prices for households and non-households for the 1st semester of 2022 were published 180 days after the reference period.
The natural gas prices for households and non-households for the 2nd semester of 2022 were published 365 days after the reference period.
The natural gas prices for households and non-households for the 1st semester of 2023 were published 180 days after the reference period.
The natural gas prices for households and non-households for the 2nd semester of 2023 were published 365 days after the reference period.
The natural gas prices for households and non-households for the 1st semester of 2024 were published 180 days after the reference period.
The natural gas prices for households and non-households for the 2nd semester of 2024 will be published 365 days after the reference period.
14.2. Punctuality
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period.
100% of the questionnaires are delivered on time.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
No qestionnaire was sent after deadline.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The data is comparable within the country.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
The data is comparable with the previous periods.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The time serie is 2005 to 2024.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
Data is consistent within a given data set. The yearly prices are coherent with the semestrial prices.
Cost and burden are minimal because the data is collected electronically. The time to collect, compile and submit the data is approximately 50 days.
17.1. Data revision - policy
A revision policy is covering this data collection at national level. In case of revision, the revised data is sent to Eurostat. The semester 1 data are revised when submitting the semester 2 data for consistency reason between semestrial and annual prices.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Preliminary data is not published in this survey so there is no data revision.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Households gas prices collection: 0
Non-households gas prices collection: 0
18.1. Source data
Main data collection method is semi-annual survey on gas prices. The data are based on administrative data process.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Twice per year.
18.3. Data collection
The questionnaire is sent to statistical unit, which fill the form and sent it back via e-mail. There are a built-in controls (logical and accounting controls) so the unit can fix an error by itself. Non-response is monitored on a regular basis and we inform when the deadline is approaching and ask them to fill the data and send it.
We have employees-specialists in certain areas and they provide a very high quality data based on their experience and on the set of automatic software controls.
18.5. Data compilation
Additional techniques used for the compilation of the final data set are cross-checking techniques, incorrect data is corrected or adjusted. Statistical units are companies that supply and/or distribute natural gas and participate individually with more than 0,2% in supply or distribution of natural gas.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Seasonable adjustments are not carried out.
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers.
30 June 2025
The prices are collected in EURO per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values.
VAT is fully recoverable for non-households customers.
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
Household customers: Data coming from 39 suppliers out of 39 and representing 100% of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 39 suppliers out of 39 and representing 100% of the final non-household customers.
Republic of Croatia
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
Most common errors for this survey are measurement errors and processing errors.
Prices are reported in EURO per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh. Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
Additional techniques used for the compilation of the final data set are cross-checking techniques, incorrect data is corrected or adjusted. Statistical units are companies that supply and/or distribute natural gas and participate individually with more than 0,2% in supply or distribution of natural gas.
Main data collection method is semi-annual survey on gas prices. The data are based on administrative data process.
Natural gas prices in Croatia are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website and in Statistics in line on CBS webpage twice a year.
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within 6 weeks after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
