Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers.
3.2. Classification system
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual natural gas consumption bands and tax levels.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values.
Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:
The VAT is fully recoverable for non-households customers.
The natural gas tax: Emissions trading scheme (ETS) companies using the natural gas for heating in process are able to recover the entire tax paid. This tax structure implies that companies on average only paid a quarter or less of the taxes.
The CO2 tax: Emissions trading scheme (ETS) companies using natural gas for heavy process are able to recover 72-90% of the CO2 tax.
Band
Name of the tax
Component in which it is reported
Recoverable portion of the component
I1-I5
VAT
VAT
100%
I1-I5
Natural gas tax
Environmental taxes
17-86 %
I2-I5
CO2 tax
Environmental taxes
2-58%
3.5. Statistical unit
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
3.6. Statistical population
Household customers: Data coming from 14 suppliers out of 14 and representing 100 % of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 14 suppliers out of 14 and representing 99 % of the final non-household customers.
3.7. Reference area
Denmark.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Natural gas prices data for Denmark using the current methodology are available since the second semester 2016.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Prices are collected in national currency per m3 and converted to GJ using the gcv converter. These prices are then reported to Eurostat in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh.
Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At EU level:
Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2169 of 21 November 2017 concerning the format and arrangements for the transmission of European Statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2018) 7465) (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/823 concerning the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation appart from its usual dissemination chanel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release).
At national level:
Data is sent to eurostat.
Data is shared with the Danish Utility Regulator and IEA.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At EU level:
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
There is no legislation about confidentiality at national level.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Published data should not allow identification of single consumers. This is ensured by only publishing data for consumer bands with at least 3 consumers.
8.1. Release calendar
The publication of the statistic is announced by Statistics Denmark's relase calendar.
8.2. Release calendar access
The release calendar can be accessed through Statistics Denmark's website: Publication Calendar
Reported data is controlled and validated by the Danish Energy Agency. In case of inconsistencies the data provider is contacted.
Statistics Denmark perform liability checks, which ensures a good data quality.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The overall quality of the statistic is assessed to be good.
As reporting units cover almost the entire population frame, the sampling errors are small or non-existing. On the other hand, the statistics is affected by other errors, mainly measurement errors. The two primary causes of inaccuracy in the statistic are;
Reported data containing errors.
Typing mistakes when data are entered.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
A number of Danish and European governmemtal institutions involved in enery planning, e.g. the Danish utility regulation and the IEA, use the statistic for different purposes.
Furthermore, a variety of parties, including private companies, consultancies and lobby organizations have expressed an interest in the statistic.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
There is no procedure for measuring user satisfaction of the statistic and its result.
Data is collected for 100 % of the population frame for households and 99% of the population frame for non-households. The overall accuracy of the statistic is therefore estimated to be high.
13.2. Sampling error
A high reporting rate ensures that sampling errors are small or non-existing.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
No precisions measures are availble.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5.
13.3.1. Coverage error
The coverage error is small as the divergence between the population frame and the target population is very small.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
It is hard to avoid over-coverage, as it is difficult to observe. Data providers are given a guideline with detalied information about the target population, which ensures that over-coverage is reduced.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
All the data comes from the survey.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Data providers recieve detailed manuel of how to report data for the statistic, which reduces measurement errors in reported data.
13.3.3. Non response error
Data providers recieve detailed manuel of how to reports data for the statistic, which reduces measurement errors in reported data.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The non-response error is small.
For non-households:
Data from 14 out of 14 suppliers representing 99 % of the non-househols consumers.
For household:
Data from 14 out of 14 suppliers representing 100 % of the househols consumers.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Item non-response rate is 0%
13.3.4. Processing error
Data is reported with a excel file and has been checked manual one by one for all companies.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within two months after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent -0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent -0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent -0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent -0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent -0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 0 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent -0 days after the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Version 4 of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2017 was sent 136 days after the reference period, 40 days after the first version and 46 day(s) after the mandatory deadline.
Version 2 of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2017 was sent 113 days after the reference period, 17 days after the first version and 23 day(s) after the mandatory deadline.
Reason for revision of the statistics:
Calculation errors.
New information.
14.2. Punctuality
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period. The majority of statistics have been delivered within or shortly after (within 3 days) the deadline.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
The non-households questionnaire (latest version) for reference period 2024, Semester 2 was submitted 0 days after the deadline.
The non-households questionnaire (latest version) for reference period 2024, Semester 2 was submitted 0 days after the deadline.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The statistic is compatible for all regions in Denmark and with other European countries.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Data on gas prices are compatible for the years 2015 and onwards.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Data is compatible from first semester 2017 and onwards.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Annual prices are coherent with semestrial prices.
The estimated cost of producing the one year statistic is 40 hours, which correspond to approximately 70,000 DKK. We have no knowledge of burden on respondents.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Data for the first half year are revised when submitting the data for the second half year in order to ensure consistency between semestrial and annual prices.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Data is revised in case of errors or new information.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Households gas prices collection: les than 2%
Non-households gas prices collection: Les than 2%
18.1. Source data
Adminitrative data from gas suppliers in the Danish natural gas market.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data is collected biannually.
18.3. Data collection
Data providers sent data in an excel file to the Danish Energy Agency's gas statistics email for both housholds and non-housholds.
18.4. Data validation
The data is validate using previous statistics and by comparing with the spot price.
18.5. Data compilation
For non-household consumers we are unable to collect data on all elements in the statistic. The elements that are not collected include: Fixed and variable distribution cost, the energy saving fee and environmental taxes. For household, the elements that are not collected include: Fixed and variable distribution cost, the energy saving fee.
Fixed distribution costs:
The fixed distribution cost for households and non-households is calculated as, the average cost for the Euroestat consumer band for each distribution company weighted by the companies respective markets share.
Variable distribution cost and energy saving fee:
The distribution cost are calculated as the average distribution cost of each distribution company for the Eurostat consumer band weighted by the companies respective markets share.
Promotion of renewable tax are calculated as the average tax of each company for the Eurostat consumer band weighted by the companies respective markets share.
Environmental taxes:
The natural gas tax: Companies using natural gas for normal process can get a small porportion of the tax refundend, while they get the entire tax paid refunded for the part used for heating in process.
The CO2 tax: Emissions trading scheme (ETS) companies using natural gas for heavy process are able to recover a large porportion of the CO2 tax
The share of the consumption which get the taxes refunded is calculated using the following data from Statistics Danmark's Industrial Energy consumption statistic:
The distribution of the consumption used for heating in process, normal process and mineralogical process.
The distrution of consumption used for non-heavy and heavy process.
The distribution of companies which are part of ETS.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
We are not performing any imputation.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Seasonable adjustments are not carried out.
No comments.
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and final non-household customers.
1 July 2025
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values.
Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:
The VAT is fully recoverable for non-households customers.
The natural gas tax: Emissions trading scheme (ETS) companies using the natural gas for heating in process are able to recover the entire tax paid. This tax structure implies that companies on average only paid a quarter or less of the taxes.
The CO2 tax: Emissions trading scheme (ETS) companies using natural gas for heavy process are able to recover 72-90% of the CO2 tax.
Band
Name of the tax
Component in which it is reported
Recoverable portion of the component
I1-I5
VAT
VAT
100%
I1-I5
Natural gas tax
Environmental taxes
17-86 %
I2-I5
CO2 tax
Environmental taxes
2-58%
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
Household customers: Data coming from 14 suppliers out of 14 and representing 100 % of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 14 suppliers out of 14 and representing 99 % of the final non-household customers.
Denmark.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
Data is collected for 100 % of the population frame for households and 99% of the population frame for non-households. The overall accuracy of the statistic is therefore estimated to be high.
Prices are collected in national currency per m3 and converted to GJ using the gcv converter. These prices are then reported to Eurostat in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh.
Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For non-household consumers we are unable to collect data on all elements in the statistic. The elements that are not collected include: Fixed and variable distribution cost, the energy saving fee and environmental taxes. For household, the elements that are not collected include: Fixed and variable distribution cost, the energy saving fee.
Fixed distribution costs:
The fixed distribution cost for households and non-households is calculated as, the average cost for the Euroestat consumer band for each distribution company weighted by the companies respective markets share.
Variable distribution cost and energy saving fee:
The distribution cost are calculated as the average distribution cost of each distribution company for the Eurostat consumer band weighted by the companies respective markets share.
Promotion of renewable tax are calculated as the average tax of each company for the Eurostat consumer band weighted by the companies respective markets share.
Environmental taxes:
The natural gas tax: Companies using natural gas for normal process can get a small porportion of the tax refundend, while they get the entire tax paid refunded for the part used for heating in process.
The CO2 tax: Emissions trading scheme (ETS) companies using natural gas for heavy process are able to recover a large porportion of the CO2 tax
The share of the consumption which get the taxes refunded is calculated using the following data from Statistics Danmark's Industrial Energy consumption statistic:
The distribution of the consumption used for heating in process, normal process and mineralogical process.
The distrution of consumption used for non-heavy and heavy process.
The distribution of companies which are part of ETS.
Adminitrative data from gas suppliers in the Danish natural gas market.
Natural gas prices in Denmark are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website and Statisitcs Denmark's website;
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within two months after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
The statistic is compatible for all regions in Denmark and with other European countries.
Data on gas prices are compatible for the years 2015 and onwards.
