Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and non-household customers.
3.2. Classification system
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual natural gas consumption bands and tax levels.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values.
[Describe any state subsidy scheme that is in place and explain how it is reported. Indicate which reference periods are affected.]
3.5. Statistical unit
Household and non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
3.6. Statistical population
Household customers: Data coming from 20 suppliers out of 20 and representing100 % of the household customers.
non-household customers: Data coming from 20 suppliers out of 20 and representing 100 % of the final non-household customers.
3.7. Reference area
National level.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Natural gas prices data for Sweden are available since 2007.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Prices are reported in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh. Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At EU level:
Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2169 of 21 November 2017 concerning the format and arrangements for the transmission of European Statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2018) 7465) (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/823 concerning the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
At national level:
Law regulating the official statistics in Sweden (2001:99);
Laws regarding the quality and accessibility (2001:100);
Law regulating Statistics Sweden (SCB-FS 2016:17);
Law regarding Swedish Energy Agency (STEMFS 2016:5).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
At EU level:
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation appart from its usual dissemination chanel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release) .
At national level:
Data is sent to eurostat.
Data is shared with the Swedish Energy Agency.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At EU level:
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
At national level:
The Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009:400).
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
The data published is aggregated prices and no quantity is published, no method for disclosure protection is used.
8.1. Release calendar
The release calender is available at the official web site for Statistics Sweden. At the web page for the survey the next date for publishing is announced.
Statistics is published on Statistics Sweden’s web site, aimed at the public. Dissemination is thereby conducted to all users at the same time.
Natural gas prices in Sweden are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website.
At Statistics Sweden's web site, the data is published on a semestrial basis.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
No new release
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
No new release.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
No new release.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
The data is published on Statistics Swedens website.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
The microdata may be available by request for researchers after a confidentiality vetting procedure. The Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act protects data for individual respondents (microdata), but it is possible to apply for access to data for research or statistical purposes. The general policy of Statistics Sweden is to conduct a confidentiality vetting for every request of microdata releases. When access to microdata is granted, data will be compiled by the responsible department and delivered to the user in a secure way.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
No meta data available.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
No meta data available.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
No metadata available.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
No meta data available
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Documents regarding quality management are available on Statistics Sweden’s website.
The quality assurance framework at Statistics Sweden is in line with the ISO 20252 standard. Use of best practices is endorsed by requirements on the Business Support System. Quality reviews with compliance monitoring are performed for a sample of surveys and processes continuously.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The general quality of this survey is of satisfactory standard. In an effort to improve the quality, the survey will be altered in the near future. The most glaring problems in producing the statistics are time constraints and constraints in resources and personnel. This is solvable by merging surveys regarding electricity and gas. Administration will be harmonized and more time can be spent improving the survey. Lastly, it will create more time for the staff to go more in depth in understanding the market.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
This survey fills an important role for Statistics Sweden regarding prices. There are similar surveys that track offered prices for a specific time-period but this survey tracks de facto prices for that specific time-period.
Important users are the Swedish Energy Agency, the Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate and companies in the industry. The main use is to follow the price development within the gas market.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No systematic measure is in place at Statistics Sweden but we accept e-mails and suggestions put forth in such a manner.
12.3. Completeness
Sweden is able to provide all the data requested by the relevant regulations and guidelines
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100 %
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Errors are corrected before publication by asking for revised information if the errors are detectable (i.e break a pattern) or are outside an acceptance interval (i.e. developing contrary to the rest of the market). Undercoverage and its consequences on the data is unknown.
13.2. Sampling error
This survey is not a sample survey.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
10 % of respondents on average do not hand in the required data.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Errors might occur due inadequate external environment monitoring, the goals is to have all companies active on the market in the survey. This is accomplished by monitoring the market.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Prices may be wrong if a new actor is not discovered on the market in time to be included in the survey.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Possible measurement errors might come from the respondents adding taxes to the prices. Revising scripts and understanding the process is vital in minimizing this kind of errors.
13.3.3. Non response error
The level of unit non-response is approx 7 %.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
All providers who responded to the survey provided all information required
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
All providers who responded to the survey provided all information required.
13.3.4. Processing error
The processing errors hitherto have been due to taxes added to the respondents’ data and revised data being overwritten by original data. Rewriting the solutions and making them more robust has been a way to consolidate this.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not Applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within 1 month after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 120 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 120 days after the reference period.
The first version of the natural gas price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
2019 and 2020 was within the deadline. No second version.
1st semester 2021 was was submitted with one month delay where as 2nd semster 2021 was within the deadline.
14.2. Punctuality
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period. One delivery was not on time, according to 14.1.2 above. The reasons for delay was human errors which caused the information letter to be delayed.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period. One delivery were not on time, according to 14.1.2 above. The reasons for delay was human errors which caused the information letter to be delayed. . This problem did not alter the prices.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The data is comparable to data collected in other geographical areas.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
The prices are comparable over time.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
22.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not applicable
The cost for production of this statistics is 150 000 Swedish crowns per year. There is no estimate regarding cost for the respondents. The survey keeps the questions needed to be answered to a bare minimum. The gathering of information is being made over the internet by our own web-based tool.
17.1. Data revision - policy
The data is revised during semester 2.
Statistics Sweden has a revision policy.
17.2. Data revision - practice
The main reasons for revisions are revised data from the companies due to manual errors.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Households gas prices collection: 0
Non-households gas prices collection: 0
18.1. Source data
The data is provided by gas companies.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Half-year intervals.
18.3. Data collection
The data is collected via an online survey. The companies elected to respond to this survey are given a username and a password. Via the login information they can reach Statistics Sweden’s web site and respond to the survey regarding gas prices.
18.4. Data validation
Data is validated by outlier detection and time series analysis both on a macro and a micro level.
18.5. Data compilation
The data is compiled by taking the weighted average price from the respondents. No further methods has been used when compiling the final result.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Approx 7 % was imputed
18.6. Adjustment
If rounding errors or when wrong measurement have been used, an e-mail is sent to the respondent in question asking for confirmation and afterwards the error is manually corrected.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Seasonable adjustments are not carried out.
European statistics on natural gas prices for household and non-household customers.
12 December 2025
The prices are collected in national currencies per GJ and according to different bands of consumption.
For the households sector, these bands are:
D1: Customers consuming less than 20 GJ.
D2: Customers consuming 20 GJ or more but less than 200 GJ.
D3: Customers consuming 200 GJ or more.
For the final non-households sector, the bands are:
I1: Customers consuming less than 1000 GJ.
I2: Customers consuming 1000 GJ or more but less than 10000 GJ.
I3: Customers consuming 10000 GJ or more but less than 100000 GJ.
I4: Customers consuming 100000 GJ or more but less than 1000000 GJ.
I5: Customers consuming 1000000 GJ or more but less than 4000000 GJ.
I6: Customers consuming 4000000 GJ or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: Prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: Prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: Prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: commodity price for natural gas paid by the supplier or the price of natural gas at the point of entry into the transmission system, including, if applicable, the following end-user costs: storage costs plus costs relating to the sale of natural gas to final customers.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to strategic stockpiles, capacity payments and energy security; taxes on natural gas distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous four categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national natural gas prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE) but not published because it could be used to re-calculate some confidential values.
[Describe any state subsidy scheme that is in place and explain how it is reported. Indicate which reference periods are affected.]
Household and non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
Household customers: Data coming from 20 suppliers out of 20 and representing100 % of the household customers.
non-household customers: Data coming from 20 suppliers out of 20 and representing 100 % of the final non-household customers.
National level.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
Errors are corrected before publication by asking for revised information if the errors are detectable (i.e break a pattern) or are outside an acceptance interval (i.e. developing contrary to the rest of the market). Undercoverage and its consequences on the data is unknown.
Prices are reported in national currency per GJ. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity) and do the conversion to kWh. Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
The data is compiled by taking the weighted average price from the respondents. No further methods has been used when compiling the final result.
The data is provided by gas companies.
Natural gas prices in Sweden are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website.
At Statistics Sweden's web site, the data is published on a semestrial basis.
Natural gas providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the natural gas price data within 1 month after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
The data is comparable to data collected in other geographical areas.
