Here you can find information on the unemployment benefit system in Bulgaria.

The following are described:

• unemployment benefit (обезщетение за безработица);
• guaranteed debt payment in the event of an employer's insolvency (гарантирано вземане при несъстоятелност на работодателя).

In what situation can I claim?

Unemployment benefits are payable to everyone who has paid social insurance contributions into the unemployment fund of the General State Insurance Fund for at least 12 months in the previous 18 months before becoming unemployed.

Benefits are payable whether or not the insurance contributions have been paid or are due but have not actually been paid.

Employees may also receive benefits if the company in which they work is declared insolvent. Guaranteed debt payments are financed by the Guaranteed Debt Payments for Workers and Employees Fund to which all companies are obliged to pay contributions.

Long-term unemployment benefits have not been payable since 2011.

What conditions do I need to meet?

In order to receive unemployment benefit:

• you must be registered as unemployed at the Employment Agency;
• you must not be  entitled to a pension for period of social insurance or old age or an early retirement pension in Bulgaria, or an old age pension in another country;
• you must not be employed in an activity which is subject to compulsory insurance.

If you are employed part-time and your remuneration is less than the minimum wage, you will be entitled to half of the unemployment benefit due to you.

To determine the length of paid insurance contributions which make up your entitlement to unemployment benefit, the following factors are taken into account: paid and unpaid leave for child care, temporary incapacity to work, pregnancy and childbirth, adoption of a child up to 5 years of age and unpaid leave of up to 30 working days in 1 calendar year.

Your length of paid insurance contributions and unemployment insurance period stipulated in the legislation of another state outside the EU with which Bulgaria has an international treaty is taken into account.

You are entitled to receive benefits from the fund that guarantees debt payment in the event of insolvency from the moment the court decision on insolvency procedures is recorded in the Commercial Register. You are not entitled to this benefit if you are a member of the managing bodies of the company, a shareholder in the commercial company or his/her spouse or a direct relative. The employer is obliged to notify you of the amount of paid and unpaid labour remuneration and/or cash compensation due to you.

The regional directorate of the National Social Security Institute checks to establish whether you are entitled to a benefit in accordance with the Guaranteed Receivables Act and drafts a statement. The procedure begins within 1 month of the court decision being recorded in the Commercial Register. While this verification is in progress, you are entitled to submit objections to the information provided by the employer. More information about the procedure can be found on the National Social Security Institute website.

What am I entitled to and how can I claim?

Unemployment benefits

The first step towards obtaining unemployment benefit is to register at the Employment Agency within 7 working days of termination of work. This can be done at the regional labour office departments in the region of your permanent address.

You must then submit an application for unemployment benefit within 3 months to the regional directorate of the National Social Security Institute.

The daily cash benefit for unemployment is 60% of your average insurable income for which you have paid contributions during the 24 months prior to suspension of social insurance. If you have worked in Bulgaria and in another EU Member State, only the periods of unemployment insurance and your income in Bulgaria are taken into account in the benefit calculation. The amount of benefit must be at least the minimum amount set out in the state budget for each calendar year. The minimum amount for 2023 is BGN 18 per day. The maximum amount for 2023 is BGN 85.71 per day.

There are exceptions when determining the amount of benefit. If you have willingly terminated your relationship with your employer of your own accord, you are entitled to minimum benefits for 4 months. You receive the minimum amount if you have already received unemployment benefit in the last 3 years.

The duration of unemployment benefit depends on the period of social insurance cover in years.

Long-term unemployment benefit has not been payable since 2011.

Guaranteeing debt payments in the event of employer's insolvency

Employees who have worked for their employer for at least 3 months are entitled to this benefit. If you began work for an employer at least 3 months before the court decision was recorded, you are also entitled to benefit but to a lesser extent.

• The guaranteed debt is equivalent to the last 6 calculated but unpaid salaries and cash compensation during the 36 calendar months, prior to the month when insolvency was declared. Monthly compensation cannot be more than the maximum amount of guaranteed receivables. For 2023, this is BGN 1950 per month;
• Employees whose legal relations with the employer were terminated during the 36 months prior to the date of the recording of the court decision are also entitled to a guaranteed debt payment. The guaranteed debt is equal to the sum of the last calculated but unpaid monthly salaries but not exceeding four time the minimum salary (for 2023 – BGN 780).

Jargon busters

• NSSI: National Social Security Institute;
• SIC: Social Insurance Code;
• Social Insurance Period: calculated in hours, months and years. This takes into account the time during which employees have worked full-time if insurance contributions for the remuneration received have been paid or are payable. A minimum insurable income has been set for each profession and the period covered by insurance does not include contributions made below this income except in special circumstances. If you have worked part time, the length of employment for insurance purposes is calculated proportionally on the basis of working hours set out in law. This is 8 hours per day under normal working conditions. Length of service for insurance purposes is different from total length of service.

Forms you may need to fill in

• Application for registration at the Employment Agency to be submitted to the labour office covering the applicant's permanent or present address;
• Application for unemployment benefits in cash in accordance with Art. 54a of the Social Insurance Code to be submitted to the regional office of the National Social Security Institute;
• Declaration of a bank account for payment of unemployment benefit in cash to be submitted to the regional office of the National Social Security Institute
• Copy of a document issued by the relevant bank with personal bank account details;
• Employment Agency registration: a copy to be submitted to the regional office of the National Social Security Institute;
• The remaining documents required for benefits to be granted are described in point 5 on the National Social Security Institute website.

Know your rights

The laws and web pages of the institutions which determine your rights can be found by following the links below. These are not European Commission pages and do not represent the opinion of the Commission:

• Social Insurance Code;
• National Social Security Institute;
• Employment Agency;
• Guaranteed debt payments for employees and workers in the event of insolvency of their employer;
• Guaranteed Receivables for Workers and Employees in the Event of Insolvency of the Employer Act;
• Registration of citizens of EEA Member States;
• Registration of job seekers.

European Commission publications:

• Social security system coverage: your rights abroad as a citizen of the EU;
• Unemployment and social security system coverage: Your rights abroad as a citizen of the EU.

Who do you need to contact?

Employment Agency

• Address: Bul. Dondukov No 3
• 1000 Sofia
• Telephone: +359 29808719
• Fax: +359 29867802
• Еmail: az@az.government.bg
• Regional departments of the Labour Office

National Social Security Institute

• Contact Centre
• Central office of the National Social Security Institute
• Bul. Alexander Stamboliiski No 62-64
• 1303 Sofia
• Telephone: +359 29261010
• noi@nssi.bg
• Regional offices of the National Social Security Institute