This study consists of a cumulative cost assessment of the cost impacts of the most relevant EU legislation and policies for the EU forest-based industries (woodworking and pulp and paper) between 2005 and 2014.

The EU legislation analysed was prioritised from over 100 acts and grouped in 8 policy areas or 'legislative packages'. These included: competition, climate & energy, environment, forest-related, employment, product-related, transport, trade. (NB competition policy had no or negligible costs and trade policy was not very relevant for the woodworking sub-sector).

In addition, an analysis of the industries’ cost structures was made in relation to key international competitors (Brazil, China, USA).

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