A street with shops and a church.

In 2023, the EU’s gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant was 38 100 in purchasing power standards (PPS), up from 36 000 PPS in 2022.

The Irish regions of Dublin (139 500 PPS) and South-West (137 300 PPS) recorded the highest GDP per inhabitant levels among the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 3) regions in the EU, ahead of Wolfsburg, Kreisfreie Stadt in Germany (136 500 PPS), where only 2022 data are available, and Paris in France (126 900 PPS).  

Meanwhile, the French outermost region of Mayotte recorded the lowest GDP per inhabitant, at 10 500 PPS, followed by Haskovo (11 000 PPS) and Silistra (11 100 PPS) in Bulgaria.

Source dataset: nama_10r_3gdp

Most of the regions with the lowest levels of GDP per inhabitant were located in Bulgaria and Romania, alongside one region in Hungary, where economic activity fell below 15 000 PPS per inhabitant.

Would you like to know more about economy statistics at the regional level?

You can read more about economy statistics in the Eurostat regional yearbook – 2025 edition, also available as a set of Statistics Explained articles as well as in the economy section of the interactive publication Regions in Europe. 

For more information

Methodological notes

  • The 2023 data at NUTS 3 level for Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, Austria and Poland are not available in the 2025 publication due to voluntary nature of data transmission.
  • In order to compensate for price level differences between countries, GDP can be converted using conversion factors known as purchasing power parities (PPPs). The use of PPPs, rather than market exchange rates, results in data being denominated in an artificial common currency unit called a purchasing power standard (PPS). In contrast to euro-based series, a series denominated in PPS tends to have a levelling effect, as countries and regions with very high GDP per inhabitant in euro terms also tend to have relatively high price levels. For example, the cost of living in Luxembourg is generally much higher than the cost of living in Bulgaria.
  • This article relies on data from the Eurostat regional yearbook – 2025 edition. Note that some of the data may have been updated since its publication.

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