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European Commission
Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities
Employment in Europe 2010
Foreword
Table of contents
Executive summary
Chapter 1: EU labour markets in time of economic crisis
1.Introduction
2.Economic and labour market developments during the crisis
3.Which population subgroups have been most affected?
4.Outlook
5.Longer term trends and panorama of annual indicators for EU labour markets in 2009
6.Summary and conclusions
Chapter 2: On the path to recovery:
a review of labour market measures
1.Introduction
2.A framework for analysis
3.Mai ntai ning employment, creating jobs and promoting mobility
4.Upgrading of skills and labour market matching
5.Increasing access to employment and supporting household income
6.Assessment of the crisis-related measures
7.Employment policy actions beyond 2010
8.Conclusions
References
Annex 1
Annex 2
Chapter 3: Youth and Segmentation in EU labour markets
1.Introduction
2.Young people in the labour market
3.Temporary contracts and dual labour markets
4.Segmentation and youth
5.School-to-work transitions
6.Segmentation, wages and human capital formation
7.Segmentation and labour market transitions
8.Temporary contracts and employment volatility
9.Conclusions and policy recommendations
References
Statistical annex
1.Data sources definitions
2.Macro economic indicators
3.Key employment indicators
List of acronyms
Tables
/
Graphs (Download PDF)
Table of contents
Foreword
Table of contents
Executive summary
Chapter 1: EU labour markets in time of economic crisis – relatively resilient, but persisting weakness and slow jobs recovery expected
1.
Introduction
2.
Economic and labour market developments during the crisis
2.1.
Economic activity
2.1.1. Developments in GDP
2.2.
How has the labour market adjusted during the crisis?
2.2.1. Labour demand
2.2.2. Employment
2.2.3. Unemployment
2.2.4. Other labour market responses to the economic downturn
2.2.5. The impact on productivity and real unit labour costs
3.
Which population subgroups have been most affected? - The impact of the crisis across various population subgroups
3.1.
Employment rate developments
3.2.
Changes in employment levels
3.3.
Unemployment
3.4.
Long-term unemployment
4.
Outlook
5.
Longer term trends and panorama of annual indicators for EU labour markets in 2009
5.1
EU labour market in 2009 from a global perspective
5.2
Labour market situation in the EU and in Member States in 2009
5.2.1. Employment rate
5.2.2. Activity rate
5.2.3. Unemployment
5.2.4. Contractual arrangements
6.
Summary and conclusions
Chapter 2: On the path to recovery: a review of labour market measures
1.
Introduction
2.
A framework for analysis
2.1.
The policy context
2.2.
A set of evaluation criteria
3.
Maintaining employment, creating jobs and promoting mobility
3.1.
Short-time working arrangements
3.1.1. Scope and limitations
3.1.2. Main changes in response to the crisis
3.1.3. The effectiveness of STWA
3.1.4. A case study: the impact of ‘Kurzarbeitergeld’ in Germany
3.1.5. An econometric analysis
3.2.
Temporary wage subsidies
3.3.
Reductions in non-wage costs
3.4.
Public sector employment
3.5.
Promoting self-employment and business start-ups
3.6.
Promoting mobility and balancing migration
4.
Upgrading of skills and labour market matching
4.1.
Skill formation
4.2.
Labour market matching
5.
Increasing access to employment and supporting household income
6.
Assessment of the crisis-related measures
6.1.
Stocktaking: The crisis, government intervention and employment
6.2.
Potential medium-term impact: A micro-model simulation
6.2.1. Objective of the exercise
6.2.2. In-work subsidisation paid workers across all ages
6.2.3. In-work subsidisation restricted to young workers
6.2.4. Tentative conclusions from the micro-model simulation
6.3.
Policy considerations
7.
Employment policy actions beyond 2010
7.1.
Phasing out crisis-related labour market measures
7.2.
Reduce structural unemployment and increase labour market participation
7.3.
Support specific groups of employees
7.3.1. Older workers
7.3.2. Women
7.3.3. Youth
7.3.4. People on non-standard contracts
7.3.5. Jobless people
7.4.
Invest in skills upgrading and strengthen labour market matching
8.
Conclusions
References
Annex 1
Annex 2
1.
Background
2.
An outline of LMM
2.1. General Microeconomic Framework
2.2. Distinctive features of LMM
3.
Scope and limitations of LMM
4.
Main behavioural patterns (optimisation)
4.1. Workers and mixed group
4.2. Pensioners
4.3. Firms
Chapter 3: Youth and segmentation in EU labour markets
1.
Introduction
2.
Young people in the labour market: some stylised facts
3.
Temporary contracts and dual labour markets
3.1.
Two-tier reforms of employment protection legislation
3.2.
Two-tier EPL and the growth of temporary work
4.
Segmentation and youth
4.1.
Incidence of temporary work for young workers
4.2.
Temporary contracts and hiring
5.
School-to-work transitions and youth Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)
5.1.
Youth employment rates after leaving initial education
5.2.
Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET)
5.3.
Does youth unemployment produce blemishes or lasting scars?
6.
Segmentation, wages and human capital formation
6.1.
Segmentation and wages
6.2.
Segmentation, on-the-job training and further education
7.
Segmentation and labour market transitions
7.1.
Segmentation increases job separations
7.2.
Segmentation, labour flows and long-term unemployment
7.3.
Segmentation and transitions from temporary to permanent employment
7.4.
Determinants of labour market and pay transitions
8.
Temporary contracts and employment volatility
8.1.
The 'honeymoon effect' of two–tier reforms
8.2.
Business cycle volatility, youth and temporary employment
9.
Conclusions and policy recommendations
References
Statistical annex
1.
Data sources and definitions
2.
Macro economic indicators
3.
Key employment indicators
List of acronyms