The “Brain Prize” is awarded to scientists who have made "an outstanding contribution to European neuroscience". The 2016 winners are Tim Bliss, Graham Collingridge and Richard Morris. Their research has focused on a brain mechanism known as ‘Long-Term Potentiation’ (LTP), which underpins the life-long plasticity of the brain. Their discoveries have revolutionised our understanding of how memories are formed, retained and lost.