A tractor on a open field with windmills in the background.

In 2025, the index of agricultural labour productivity in the EU increased by an estimated 9.2% compared with the previous year. This information is drawn from Eurostat’s first estimates on economic accounts for agriculture, published today.

This productivity increase was driven by an estimated 8.1% rise in real factor income generated by agricultural holdings, and a 1.0% reduction in the volume of agricultural labour.

Agricultural labour productivity increased in 19 EU countries in 2025. The sharpest increases were recorded in Luxembourg (+40.1%), Poland (+33.4%) and Estonia (+30.9%).

By contrast, declines were estimated in 8 EU countries, with the steepest drops in Croatia (-14.9%), Portugal (-10.7%) and Greece (-8.8%). 

Agricultural labour productivity, first estimates for 2025 (% change compared with 2024). Chart. See link to the full dataset below.

Source dataset: aact_eaa06

The gross value added by the EU’s agricultural industry went up by 10.3% in 2025, compared with the previous year. During the same period, the value of agricultural output increased by 5.3%, while intermediate consumption increased by 1.5%. 

EU agricultural labour productivity 49% higher in 2025 than in 2015

In 2025, the EU agricultural labour productivity was 49.4% higher compared with 2015. In the same period, the index of EU real factor income increased by 20.8%, while the index of agricultural labour input declined by 19.1%. 

EU agriculture labour productivity and components, 2015-2025 (index, 2015=100). Chart. See link to the full dataset below.

Source datasets: aact_eaa05, aact_eaa06 and aact_ali02

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Methodological notes

  • The agricultural labour productivity data in this news item is indicator A (index of the real factor income per annual work unit) from the Eurostat dataset aact_eaa06. The first estimates of the economic accounts for agriculture are compiled from the partial information available. Eurostat will publish the revised data in mid-May 2026.
  • The labour productivity of the agricultural industry can be measured as real factor income expressed per full-time labour equivalent. This measures the remuneration of all factors of production (land, capital, labour) by the equivalent of each full-time worker in the agricultural industry, presented in real terms (adjusted for inflation) and expressed as an index. 
  • Agricultural labour productivity should not be confused with the total income of farming households or the income of a person working in agriculture.

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