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EW-MFA, denotes the share of physical imports in the direct material input (DMI) of a given economy (the DMI comprises domestic extraction and physical imports). The import dependency can be broken down by main material categories. Table 1 shows ...

* Direct material input (DMI) shows the direct input of material that is directly fed into the economy. It is the sum ... The middle part of the Sankey diagram (Figure 3) shows processed materials, which are defined as the sum total of DMI ...

is calculated as the ratio of imports to direct material input (DMI), which is the sum of imports and domestic extraction. In 2022, imports accounted for 22.4 % of the EU’s DMI. Import dependency was highest for fossil energy carriers, at 69 ...