Industrial production up by 1.7% in the euro area and by 1.5% in the EU

Overview

In May 2025, compared with April 2025, seasonally adjusted industrial production increased by 1.7% in the euro area and by 1.5% in the EU, according to first estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In April 2025, industrial production fell by 2.2% in the euro area and by 1.6% in the EU.

In May 2025, compared with May 2024, industrial production increased by 3.7% in the euro area and by 3.4% in the EU.

Industrial production

Monthly comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in May 2025, compared with April 2025, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 1.7%,
increased for energy by 3.7%,
increased for capital goods by 2.7%,
decreased for durable consumer goods by 1.9%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 8.5%.

In the EU, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 1.3%,
increased for energy by 3.2%,
increased for capital goods by 2.0%,
decreased for durable consumer goods by 1.8%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 7.1%.

The highest monthly increases were recorded in Ireland (+12.4%), Malta (+3.4%) and Germany (+2.2%). The largest decreases were observed in Croatia (-2.9%), Slovakia (-2.8%) and Belgium (-2.7%).

Annual comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in May 2025, compared with May 2024, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 1.8%,
increased for energy by 2.6%,
increased for capital goods by 4.5%,
decreased for durable consumer goods by 0.1%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 11.6%.

In the EU, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 1.4%,
increased for energy by 1.7%,
increased for capital goods by 4.4%,
decreased for durable consumer goods by 0.3%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 9.4%.

The highest annual increases were recorded in Ireland (+40.7%), Finland (+5.9%) and Sweden (+5.0%). The largest decreases were observed in Belgium (-7.3%), Bulgaria (-6.5%) and Denmark (-4.2%).

Tables

Industrial production % change compared with previous month*
	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25	Apr-25	May-25
Euro area
Total industry	-0.4	0.4	1.4	1.8	-2.2	1.7
Intermediate goods	-1.2	1.0	0.5	1.2	-0.8	-1.7
Energy	1.2	-1.2	1.0	-0.5	-2.8	3.7
Capital goods	-1.7	-0.4	0.9	2.3	-1.3	2.7
Durable consumer goods	0.0	-0.9	-2.0	3.4	-0.4	-1.9
Non-durable consumer goods	6.2	-2.6	2.4	2.4	-5.7	8.5
EU
Total industry	-0.1	-0.1	1.3	1.4	-1.6	1.5
Intermediate goods	-1.1	1.0	0.2	0.8	-0.4	-1.3
Energy	1.2	-2.2	1.5	-1.6	-1.4	3.2
Capital goods	-1.3	-0.8	1.1	2.4	-0.8	2.0
Durable consumer goods	-0.2	-1.0	-1.8	3.1	-0.4	-1.8
Non-durable consumer goods	6.2	-3.2	1.9	1.6	-4.3	7.1
* Calendar and seasonally adjusted Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with previous month*
	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25	Apr-25	May-25
Euro area	-0.4	0.4	1.4	1.8	-2.2	1.7
EU	-0.1	-0.1	1.3	1.4	-1.6	1.5
Belgium	-8.9	3.7	1.2	1.6	-0.6	-2.7
Bulgaria	-2.2	-2.1	-0.5	-5.0	1.6	0.4
Czechia	1.9	-0.7	1.9	0.4	0.9	-1.6
Denmark	4.7	-9.3	3.3	-3.5	3.7	0.8
Germany	-1.7	1.0	-0.3	2.5	-1.9	2.2
Estonia	1.4	-6.3	5.9	-0.9	1.2	-0.5
Ireland	9.9	-3.7	12.6	8.6	-12.5	12.4
Greece	2.6	-1.2	2.7	-4.9	0.8	-0.5
Spain	1.1	-1.2	0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.6
France	-0.4	-0.5	1.1	0.3	-1.4	-0.5
Croatia	6.0	1.6	-3.0	-1.5	2.5	-2.9
Italy	-2.6	2.6	-0.7	0.0	0.9	-0.7
Cyprus	3.6	1.7	1.0	-1.4	0.9	-1.9
Latvia	-0.7	2.2	1.4	-2.0	0.8	1.4
Lithuania	2.2	4.5	-3.0	1.9	-3.2	1.8
Luxembourg	5.9	-3.3	2.5	-4.7	4.1	-0.6
Hungary	-2.9	0.5	-1.0	0.0	1.5	-1.3
Malta	3.8	-11.6	3.4	4.3	-6.6	3.4
Netherlands	-1.5	0.7	0.9	0.5	-0.8	0.4
Austria	0.8	3.1	-0.5	0.2	-0.6	-1.2
Poland	-0.5	0.7	0.0	-1.4	1.6	0.4
Portugal	-3.8	4.8	4.8	-4.0	1.3	1.8
Romania	-1.2	2.2	-2.3	0.9	2.6	-0.6
Slovenia	0.5	0.6	-1.9	-1.6	-1.3	0.9
Slovakia	0.5	-7.3	5.5	0.8	0.4	-2.8
Finland	-1.9	0.5	-0.7	3.0	0.2	0.0
Sweden	5.6	-6.6	-0.2	0.3	2.8	0.4
Norway	-0.1	-1.8	1.4	-0.4	2.2	-0.4
Switzerland	3.1	-1.4	1.4	12.7	:	:
* Calendar and seasonally adjusted : Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with same month of the previous year*
	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25	Apr-25	May-25
Euro area
Total industry	-1.7	-0.5	0.8	3.6	0.2	3.7
Intermediate goods	-2.1	-1.4	-2.5	0.6	-0.8	-1.8
Energy	0.8	-1.6	2.3	1.9	-1.6	2.6
Capital goods	-7.3	-3.5	-2.3	0.3	-0.9	4.5
Durable consumer goods	-1.3	-0.1	-4.1	1.3	-0.2	-0.1
Non-durable consumer goods	7.2	6.4	9.0	15.9	4.8	11.6
EU
Total industry	-1.5	-0.7	0.4	2.8	0.2	3.4
Intermediate goods	-2.0	-0.8	-2.2	0.4	-0.9	-1.4
Energy	0.9	-2.3	1.9	0.3	-1.7	1.7
Capital goods	-6.8	-3.6	-2.2	0.4	-0.1	4.4
Durable consumer goods	-1.5	0.1	-3.8	1.3	-0.5	-0.3
Non-durable consumer goods	7.8	5.1	7.3	12.4	3.0	9.4
* Calendar adjusted Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with same month of the previous year*
	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25	Apr-25	May-25
Euro area	-1.7	-0.5	0.8	3.6	0.2	3.7
EU	-1.5	-0.7	0.4	2.8	0.2	3.4
Belgium	-11.3	-3.9	-1.9	-2.5	-2.4	-7.3
Bulgaria	-3.9	-3.3	-3.5	-9.8	-9.8	-6.5
Czechia	-2.7	-0.9	1.5	1.5	2.0	2.2
Denmark	2.8	-8.1	-5.6	-6.7	-11.6	-4.2
Germany	-3.0	-2.6	-3.9	-0.1	-2.5	1.9
Estonia	-4.4	-2.8	2.6	1.0	4.4	1.0
Ireland	11.0	10.0	38.2	52.0	15.1	40.7
Greece	5.8	1.1	6.0	1.4	-4.2	-2.1
Spain	2.2	-1.4	-1.8	1.0	0.4	1.7
France	-0.9	-1.0	0.0	0.5	-1.8	-1.0
Croatia	5.5	7.3	5.5	3.2	6.5	1.8
Italy	-6.9	-0.8	-2.6	-1.8	0.1	-0.9
Cyprus	1.8	6.5	7.5	2.2	5.4	0.0
Latvia	-6.1	-0.1	2.7	-2.5	1.9	4.0
Lithuania	7.6	9.9	8.9	6.7	2.1	2.9
Luxembourg	3.3	2.2	2.4	-3.0	0.7	-0.7
Hungary	-8.0	-4.3	-8.0	-5.4	-2.3	-2.6
Malta	14.3	5.1	7.0	9.9	-0.7	3.7
Netherlands	-3.3	0.1	0.9	2.3	0.6	1.6
Austria	-5.3	0.0	0.9	1.3	0.2	0.2
Poland	-1.3	1.9	1.2	2.8	2.1	2.3
Portugal	-5.1	-2.8	1.0	-5.4	-2.1	2.0
Romania	-3.6	1.9	-3.5	-6.4	-2.3	4.6
Slovenia	1.1	2.2	-2.7	-2.1	-4.8	-0.2
Slovakia	1.2	-5.1	-1.2	3.5	-0.4	-4.1
Finland	1.4	-1.0	-2.3	7.3	7.2	5.9
Sweden	6.6	-2.3	-1.6	-2.2	6.2	5.0
Norway	0.3	-6.5	-0.1	-3.2	0.3	-0.4
Switzerland	4.1	3.5	4.8	16.1	:	:
* Calendar adjusted : Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Production indices for total industry, calendar and seasonally adjusted (base year 2021)
	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25	Apr-25	May-25
Euro area	96.7	97.1	98.5	100.3	98.1	99.8
EU	98.5	98.4	99.7	101.1	99.5	101.0
Belgium	83.7	86.8	87.8	89.2	88.7	86.3
Bulgaria	98.6	96.5	96.0	91.2	92.7	93.1
Czechia	100.1	99.4	101.3	101.7	102.6	101.0
Denmark	132.5	120.2	124.2	119.8	124.2	125.2
Germany	90.7	91.6	91.3	93.6	91.8	93.8
Estonia	92.0	86.2	91.3	90.5	91.6	91.1
Ireland	116.9	112.6	126.8	137.7	120.5	135.5
Greece	112.4	111.0	114.0	108.4	109.3	108.8
Spain	101.8	100.6	101.4	102.2	101.4	102.0
France	100.9	100.4	101.5	101.8	100.4	99.9
Croatia	103.2	104.9	101.8	100.3	102.8	99.8
Italy	91.7	94.1	93.4	93.4	94.2	93.5
Cyprus	108.9	110.7	111.8	110.2	111.2	109.1
Latvia	92.8	94.8	96.1	94.2	95.0	96.3
Lithuania	107.6	112.4	109.0	111.1	107.6	109.5
Luxembourg	94.4	91.3	93.6	89.2	92.9	92.3
Hungary	93.5	94.0	93.1	93.1	94.5	93.3
Malta	126.3	111.6	115.4	120.4	112.5	116.3
Netherlands	99.6	100.3	101.2	101.7	100.9	101.3
Austria	100.2	103.3	102.8	103.0	102.4	101.2
Poland	109.9	110.7	110.7	109.2	111.0	111.4
Portugal	93.1	97.6	102.3	98.2	99.5	101.3
Romania	95.8	97.9	95.6	96.5	99.0	98.4
Slovenia	95.3	95.9	94.1	92.6	91.4	92.2
Slovakia	100.9	93.5	98.6	99.4	99.8	97.0
Finland	100.6	101.1	100.4	103.4	103.6	103.6
Sweden	108.1	101.0	100.8	101.1	103.9	104.3
Norway	102.8	100.9	102.3	101.9	104.1	103.7
Switzerland	111.5	109.9	111.4	125.5	:	:
: Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Production indices for total industry, calendar adjusted (base year 2021)
	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25	Apr-25	May-25
Euro area	92.7	93.3	96.3	108.0	96.7	99.2
EU	94.7	94.8	97.5	108.9	98.4	100.5
Belgium	81.2	83.3	84.5	97.6	85.2	85.3
Bulgaria	101.7	90.8	90.7	91.8	89.1	88.6
Czechia	92.7	95.4	97.9	110.3	102.8	102.8
Denmark	137.5	118.6	119.6	124.4	119.8	124.0
Germany	86.6	85.7	89.4	102.6	90.9	91.1
Estonia	89.1	82.9	86.8	97.3	92.2	95.5
Ireland	114.2	108.1	111.4	135.6	113.4	131.0
Greece	112.9	101.9	112.5	109.6	109.5	109.3
Spain	93.8	98.1	102.2	107.7	100.9	107.6
France	103.0	104.1	102.1	111.3	100.3	94.3
Croatia	100.4	96.6	98.2	106.6	102.9	103.2
Italy	80.2	90.0	96.1	103.5	93.6	100.4
Cyprus	109.3	103.5	108.7	111.6	109.5	112.3
Latvia	95.8	74.4	87.0	94.2	90.7	101.5
Lithuania	104.7	105.0	101.6	113.5	105.3	112.3
Luxembourg	90.1	86.7	93.8	99.9	95.3	93.5
Hungary	83.3	88.9	93.9	100.1	93.9	94.3
Malta	115.3	104.6	108.5	127.3	108.8	118.9
Netherlands	100.7	97.3	97.8	108.5	99.3	101.1
Austria	99.7	93.1	99.2	113.5	102.3	99.9
Poland	105.1	108.1	108.8	118.7	113.2	110.3
Portugal	84.5	99.0	99.3	104.5	97.7	104.8
Romania	91.1	93.0	91.6	101.7	96.9	102.2
Slovenia	85.8	93.1	92.3	101.4	90.6	95.5
Slovakia	92.1	91.2	99.4	105.7	100.1	99.3
Finland	109.1	97.8	92.9	108.2	101.9	102.5
Sweden	111.7	100.1	100.7	114.5	105.8	104.5
Norway	110.2	108.4	100.3	108.6	103.8	100.5
Switzerland	110.3	109.1	108.1	136.4	:	:
: Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Notes for users

Revisions and timetable

Compared with data issued in the News Release of 13 June 2025, the monthly percentage decrease for April 2025 has been revised from -2.4% to -2.2% in the euro area and from -1.8% to -1.6% in the EU. The annual percentage increase has been revised from +0.8% to +0.2% in the euro area and from +0.6% to +0.2% in the EU.

Methods and definitions

The index of industrial production measures the evolution of the volume of production for industry excluding construction, based on data adjusted for calendar and seasonal effects.

Seasonally adjusted euro area and EU series are calculated by aggregating the seasonally adjusted national data.

Total industry covers NACE rev.2 sections B to D. Missing observations from Member States for recent months are estimated for the calculation of the euro area and the EU aggregates.

This month, the Irish industrial production data were very volatile. The volatility comes from the nature of the Irish economy. Many multinational groups have headquartered their international operations in Ireland. These multinationals frequently use contract manufacturing or arrangements to have their products made in other countries, meanwhile they keep the intellectual property rights and income in their Irish subsidiaries. In business statistics, such subcontracted production is part of the national industrial production; those operations have an impact on the industrial production index. The high weight of subcontracted production makes the Irish industrial production index volatile, monthly changes can be higher than in other countries.

Geographical information

The euro area (EA20) includes Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.

The European Union (EU27) includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.