eInvoicing in Romania

Legislation

Directive 2014/55/EU has been transposed through the Law 199/2020 on electronic invoicing in public procurement, in 8 September 2020.

The Fiscal Code, in force from 1st of January 2016, and its implementing rules approved by Law 227/2015 are governing the electronic invoicing (eInvoicing) in Romania.

Law no. 296/2023 regarding fiscal-budgetary measures to ensure the financial sustainability of Romania in the long term, established the B2B mandate in Romania from 1 January 2024. The mandate is for taxable person established in Romania or for Taxable person non-established in Romania that are registered in Romania for VAT purposes.

Additional legislation may apply if electronic signature (eSignature) or electronic archiving (eArchiving) is used in the process of electronic invoicing:

• Law 455/2001 on electronic signature;
• Law 135/2007 on electronic archiving of documents.
• Law 139/2022 approves Government ordinance 120/2021 focusing on the administration, functioning, eInvoicing, and implementation of the RO e-factura system through the national invoicing system RO e-Factura in UBL 2.1 format, as well as makes the issuing of e-invoices mandatory for specific taxpayers.

eInvoicing platform and management solutions

The RO e-Invoicing platform (RO e-Factura) has been available since November 2021 for both the exchange of invoices with public administrations (B2G) and between private companies (B2B). The platform is available for sending and downloading invoices. Electronic invoices must be generated in a predefined XML format in accordance to the RO_CIUS standard.

Approach for receiving and processing eInvoices

Economic operators are free to choose their preferred service provider to submit eInvoices to contracting authorities. 

Government ordinance 120/2021, released in October 2021, establishes an operational framework for the national eInvoicing system. Order no. 1366/2021, from 5 November 2021 approves the technical specifications and the basic elements of the electronic invoice format RO_CIUS at a countrywide level. 

In the case of B2B eInvoicing, government ordinance 130/2021 introduced mandatory issuance as of July 2022 for companies whose activity is linked to product categories considered high tax risk (susceptible to tax evasion). These categories are defined in the National Tax Authority of Romania (ANAF) 12/2022 ordinance published on 6 January 2022. Fruit and vegetables, alcohol, construction, mineral products, clothing and footwear, are among the categories of companies considered susceptible to tax evasion. 

The implementation of electronic invoicing for all B2B transactions has been made mandatory as of 2024. Law no. 296/2023 has established the B2B mandate for taxable persons established in Romania, regardless of whether they are registered for VAT purposes or not, and taxable persons not established in Romania but registered for VAT purposes. The submission shall be done in the RO e-Factura system, regardless of whether or not the recipients are registered in the RO e-Invoice Register.

eInvoicing implementation in sub-central level contracting authorities 

eInvoicing has not been implemented at the sub-central level. The existing approach applies at a countrywide level.

Status on the implementation of the European Standard on eInvoicing (EN)

The transposition of the European standard was done in 2018: (SR EN 16931) by ASRO.  In conformity with Law 355/2002, the Romanian Government granted ASRO governmental recognition as a National Standardisation Body developing standardisation activities in all fields of European and international standardisation as member of ISO, the IEC, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI[1].

As a bottom-up action, the adoption of the EN standard is promoted by the Romanian IT industry (Cluj IT Cluster).

Use of Core Invoicing Usage Specifications (CIUS) at national level

The Minister of Finance Order no. 1366/2021 approved the CIUS (RO_CIUS) for eInvoicing and specific operational rules applicable at the national level, in compliance with the SR EN 16931-1 European standard for eInvoicing.

Digital reporting requirements

In November 2021, the ANAF published Order no. 1783/04.11.2021 regarding the implementation of the Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF-T) system, requiring taxpayers to file Informative Statement D406 (SAF-T) as follows:

• For large taxpayers: January 1, 2022.
• For taxpayers classified as large taxpayers beginning January 1, 2022: July 1, 2022.
• For medium taxpayers: January 1, 2023.
• For small taxpayers: January 1, 2025.
• For newly registered taxpayers: from the effective date of registration.

Law 296/2023 established that Invoices must be sent to the RO e-Factura system within five working days from the issuance of the eInvoice.

For non-compliance with this provision, contravention fines will be applied depending on the taxpayer category of the issuer, as follows:

• from RON 5 000 to RON 10 000 for large taxpayers.
• from RON 2 500 RON to RON 5 000 for medium taxpayers.
• from RON 1 000 RON to RON 2 500 for other legal entities and individuals.

Additional information

On 11 April 2022, the Romanian Ministry of Finance implemented the RO e-Transport electronic system for tracking the road transportation of high tax risk goods through Government Ordinance 41/2022. This introduces a mandatory Transport system to monitor specific goods. The e-Transport is connected to the existing systems of the Ministry of Finance, ANAF, and/or the Romanian Customs Authority. Taxpayers must declare the transportation of high-risk products three days before the start of shipment. The system then generates a unique code that must accompany the goods. The deadline to comply with this mandate was originally set on 1 July 2022. However, it was postponed until 1 January 2023.

To facilitate the implementation of the mandate, the ANAF published the technical documentation for the e-Transport system including the XSD schema, the XML structure, APIs, as well as samples files of the XML, schema, and validation sheets.

[1] (ISO – Romania Membership: Member body, 2023)

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Last updated:  Jun 18, 2024 10:06