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Deconstructing the Missing Middle: Informality and Growth of Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper characterizes the firm size distribution by exploiting establishment-level censuses covering both formal and informal firms in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper finds a “missing middle” in the employment-based size distribution of firms in four Sub-Saharan African countries.

date:  07/01/2023

Keywords: private sector development, informality, informal firms, market distorsion, missing middle, Sub-Saharan Africa

Publisher: The World Bank Group - Policy Research Working Papers no. 10233
Publication date: Nov 2022
Language: EN

Read the publication in EN