Transition to a low-carbon economy will create additional demand for many raw materials, production of which will have a range of environmental impacts. This study assessed the environmental costs associated with meeting demand for key resources in the EU by 2050. The researchers estimate the total annual cost at €38.9 billion, with 48.5% arising from materials used for electric-vehicle batteries, including nickel, accounting for 24.9% of total cost. Click here to read more