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Archive:Hotel and accommodation statistics - NACE Rev. 1.1

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Data from January 2009, most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database

This article belongs to a set of statistical articles which analyse the structure, development and characteristics of the various economic activities in the European Union (EU). According to the statistical classification of economic activities in the EU (NACE Rev 1.1), the present article covers accommodation services, corresponding to NACE Groups 55.1 and 55.2, which are part of the hotel, restaurant and catering services sector. The activities covered in this article are:

  • the provision of short-stay lodging in hotels, motels and inns, corresponding to NACE Group 55.1, which excludes the rental of long-stay accommodation and timeshare operations;
  • camping sites and other short-stay accommodation, including self-catering holiday chalets or cottages, corresponding to NACE Group 55.2.
Table 1: Main indicators for hotels and similar establishments, 2007 (1)
Table 2: Main indicators for collective accommodation establishments other than hotels, 2007 (1)
Table 3: Accommodation services (NACE Groups 55.1 and 55.2). Structural profile: ranking of top five Member States in terms of value added and persons employed, 2006

Main statistical findings

On-line booking has grown to account for a significant proportion of revenue for the accommodation services sector. According to Eurostat’s annual survey on e-commerce, the share of turnover generated via the Internet in the accommodation services sector (NACE Groups 55.1 and 55.2) rose from just 3 % in 2004 to 14 % by 2008; over the same period the share within the non-financial business economy [1] as a whole increased more moderately from 9 % to 12 %. Note that this survey is limited to enterprises with 10 persons employed and more.

Hotels and similar establishments are one of four main types of accommodation, the others being camping sites, holiday dwellings and other collective establishments. The Member States that had the largest number of hotels and similar establishments in 2007 were the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy with over 34 thousand establishments each, which combined accounted for more than half the total number in the EU-27.

In terms of the number of arrivals in hotels and similar establishments, France and Germany were the largest markets. A number of southern Member States recorded the longest average stays (nights per arrival) for non-residents, notably in Cyprus, Malta, Greece and Bulgaria where this exceeded 5 nights.

An analysis of the seasonality of demand for hotels and similar accommodation shows the lowest point in January and a peak in August: the number of nights spent in hotels and similar establishments in the EU-27 in August 2007 was 2.5 times that recorded in January of the same year. An overview of the supply of other types of collective accommodation shows there were approximately 15.8 million bed-places in the EU-27 in 2006, around 36 % more than in hotels and similar establishments.

Structural profile

There were 259.3 thousand enterprises in the EU-27's accommodation services (NACE Groups 55.1 and 55.2) sector in 2006, and they employed 2.3 million persons. This was equivalent to 15.4 % of all enterprises classified within the whole of the accommodation and food services (NACE Section H) and to 24.7 % of the workforce. In output terms, the accommodation services sector's contribution was greater, reaching 31.2 % of accommodation and food services’ turnover and 36.0 % of value added.

The United Kingdom created the highest value added for accommodation services among the Member States in 2006, but its workforce was smaller than that in Germany. In Cyprus, 6.1 % of the value added in the non-financial business economy (NACE Sections C to I and K) was derived from accommodation services, making this by far the most specialised Member State in this activity [2]. Greece and Austria were also relatively highly specialised in accommodation services.

Expenditure and productivity

The accommodation services sector recorded a particularly high level of investment, a total of EUR 19.5 billion within the EU-27 in 2006. This was equivalent to 29.8 % of the sector's own value added, 11.4 percentage points higher than the non-financial business economy average. Turning to operating expenditure, the share of personnel costs in total operating expenditure was particularly high in accommodation services, reaching 37.4 %, one of the highest shares in the non-financial business economy. Indeed, this share exceeded 40 % in several Member States, reaching a maximum of 49.3 % in Cyprus (2005).

In the EU-27's accommodation services sector each person employed generated on average EUR 28.6 thousand of value added in 2006, while average personnel costs per employee reached EUR 19.5 thousand. For both of these indicators the levels recorded for accommodation services were far greater than in the restaurants, bars and catering sector, but were nevertheless only around one third of the non-financial business economy averages. The low average personnel costs roughly compensated for the low apparent labour productivity; when combined the resulting wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the accommodation services sector (146.5 %) was only slightly below the non-financial business economy average (151.1 %), and well above the ratio for restaurants, bars and catering (118.5 %).

None of the Member States [3] recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio below parity (100 %) in this sector, and the lowest ratio was recorded in Sweden (112.6 %). In a few Member States the level of this ratio in accommodation services was above that in the non-financial business economy, most notably in Latvia where it was nearly 20 % higher.

Data sources and availability

The main part of the analysis in this article is derived from structural business statistics (SBS), including core, business statistics which are disseminated regularly, as well as information compiled on a multi-yearly basis, and the latest results from development projects.

Other data sources include Eurostat tourism statistics.

Context

One of the main characteristics of tourism is the high income elasticity of demand, which increases or reduces more easily than for many other products or services. As such, spending on tourism generally decreases proportionally faster than consumers' income during times of economic slowdown. Moreover, political or economic uncertainties tend to lead to a diversion of tourism demand, leading for example to shifts between outbound tourism and domestic tourism, for example when exchange rates change rapidly. Furthermore, a downturn in economic fortunes is also likely to result in reduced business activity; likely to be reflected in fewer business trips and nights spent in hotels, as well as less business lunches and dinners.

Further Eurostat information

Publications

Main tables

Database

Dedicated section

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Defined as NACE Sections D to G, I, K, Groups 55.1 and 55.2, and Division 92 for the purpose of this analysis.
  2. ↑ Bulgaria, Cyprus, Poland and Romania, 2005; Malta and the Netherlands, not available.
  3. ↑ Bulgaria, Cyprus, Poland and Romania, 2005; Ireland, Malta and the Netherlands, not available.
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