Natural gas price statistics
Data extracted in October 2024.
Planned article update: 28 April 2025.
Highlights
Year-on-year household gas prices in the first half of 2024 increased in 7 EU countries, while they decreased in 15 EU countries.
Year-on-year non-household gas prices in the first half of 2024 decreased in all EU countries that reported their prices. The decrease ranged from -14.93% to -46.5%.
Household gas prices in the EU were highest in Sweden (€0.1760 per KWh) and lowest in Hungary (€0.0275 per KWh) in the first half of 2024.
Non-household gas prices in the EU without VAT and other recoverable taxes were highest in Sweden (€0.0992 per KWh) and lowest in Bulgaria (€0.0396 per KWh) in the first half of 2024.
This article highlights the development of natural gas prices for household and non-household consumers within the European Union (EU); it also includes price data from Liechtenstein, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine, when available.
The price of energy in the EU depends on a range of different supply and demand conditions, including the geopolitical situation, the national energy mix, import diversification, network costs, environmental protection costs, severe weather conditions, and levels of excise and taxation. Note that prices presented in this article include taxes, levies and VAT for household consumers but exclude refundable taxes and levies and VAT for non-household consumers.
Full article
Natural gas prices for household consumers
Highest gas prices in Sweden, the Netherlands and Austria
For household consumers in the EU (defined for the purpose of this article as medium-sized consumers with an annual consumption between 20 Gigajoules (GJ) and 200 GJ), natural gas prices in the first half of 2024 were highest in Sweden (€0.1760 per Kilowatt hour (KWh)), the Netherlands (€0.1626 per KWh) and Austria (€0.1379 per KWh). They were lowest in Hungary (€0.0275 per KWh), Croatia (€0.0447 per KWh) and Romania (€0.0581 per KWh) (see Figure 1). The price of natural gas for households in Sweden was more than six times the price charged in Hungary and 59% higher than the EU average price (€0.1104 per KWh).
(€ per KWh)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_202)
The average price in the EU — a weighted average using the most recent (first half of 2024) data for natural gas customer prices for household consumers — was €0.1104 per KWh.
Figure 2 presents the development of natural gas prices for household consumers in the EU since the first half of 2008. Generally, these prices are higher in the second half of each year. This is due to the seasonal effect and reflected in the zig-zag shape of the lines in Figure 2. However, the recent substantial price changes attenuated this phenomenon, since the first half of 2022. Overall, in the EU, there was an upward trend in natural gas total prices in the first half of each year, from a low of €0.0562 per KWh in the first half of 2010 to a local peak of €0.0692 per KWh in the first half of 2013. Then, the price decreased until 2017, rose in 2018, and dropped again in 2020. Prices including taxes showed a sharp increase from the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023. In the second half of 2023, the price of natural gas for household consumers decreased to €0.1125 per KWh, from €0.1137 per KWh the year before, after an all-time high in the first half of 2023 (€0.1186 per KWh). In the first half of 2024 the price recorded a further drop, falling to €0.1104 per KWh.
The proportion of the taxes increased from 25% in the first half of 2008 to 36% in the first half of 2021 and then decreased to 13.8% in the second half of 2022, reflecting the subsidies and allowances measures taken from the countries to alleviate the burden of high energy prices. In the second half of 2024, the proportion of taxes increased to 27%, indicating the reduction of the measures and the restoration of the corresponding tax to levels approaching those prior to the sharp price increase. The evolution of gas prices for households excluding taxes peaked in the second half of 2022 (€0.0980 per KWh). After this point, prices showed consecutive declines, falling to €0.0802 per kWh in the first half of 2024 — a price 12.4% lower than the same period one year earlier (€0.0916) and 18.2% below the all-time high of the second half of 2022 (€0.0980).
(€ per KWh)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_202)
Weight of taxes and levies differs greatly between EU countries
Figure 3 shows the proportion of taxes and levies in the overall natural gas retail price for household consumers. The relative tax contribution in the first half of 2024 was the lowest in Luxembourg, where subsidies and allowances led to negative figures (-8.95%). The highest proportion of taxes was observed in the Netherlands, where total taxes and levies corresponded to 54.06% of the final price. In Denmark this percentage was 48.65%. The VAT in the EU represented 12.05% of the total price. The share of VAT in the total price ranged from 4.70% in Croatia to 21.45% in Hungary. Compared with the second half of 2023, the share of taxes increased by 6.6 percentage points (pp), from 20.8% to 27.4%, also increased compared with first half of 2023 (18.8%). These changes relate to the governmental allowances and subsidies to mitigate high-energy costs in the second half of 2022, reduced in 2023 and in the first half of 2024, but are also a consequence of the overall changes in the price of the energy and supply component.
(%)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_202)
Higher increase in gas prices for household consumers in Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia
Figure 4 shows the change in natural gas prices for household consumers including all taxes, levies and VAT from the first half of 2023 to the first half of 2024. For comparison purposes the national currencies were used. These prices increased during the period under consideration in 7 of the 23 EU countries for which data are available, while they decreased in 15 countries (Cyprus, Malta and Finland do not report natural gas prices in the household sector and for Poland data are confidential in the first half of 2024). The largest increases were observed in Italy (16.2%) and France (13.1%). The largest decreases were observed Lithuania (-60.0%), in Greece (-39.2%) and Estonia(-37.1%). The cost of energy was the main driver of the price changes.
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(%)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_202)
Gas prices in purchasing power standard
In Map 1, gas prices for household consumers in the first half of 2024 are shown in purchasing power standard (PPS) grouping the available countries in six categories, with gas price categories ranging from above 13.50 PPS per 100 KWh to below 7 PPSS per 100 KWh. The final burden for the consumers is calculated based on their own consumption. The gas prices per 100KWh, expressed in purchasing power standard were highest in Sweden (14.7 PPS), Portugal (14.4 PPS) the Netherlands (13.8 PPS) and Czechia (13.5 PPS). The lowest gas prices based on the PPS were observed in Hungary (3.9 PPS), Croatia (6.5 PPS) and Luxembourg (6.7 PPS).
(PPS per 100 KWh)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_202)
Natural gas prices for non-household consumers
Gas prices for non-household consumers highest in Sweden and Finland
For non-household consumers in the EU (defined for the purpose of this article as medium-sized consumers with an annual consumption between 10 000 GJ and 100 000 GJ), natural gas prices in the first half of 2024 were highest in Sweden (€0.0992 per KWh) 61% above the EU average, followed by Finland (€0.0856 per KWh) and Luxembourg (€0.0744 per KWh). Sweden and Finland have very little natural gas consumption. The lowest prices were recorded in Bulgaria (€0.0396 per KWh) (see Figure 5).
The EU average price — a weighted average using the most recent (year 2023) data for natural gas consumption by non-household consumers — was €0.0616 per KWh.
(€ per KWh)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_203)
Figure 6 shows the development of natural gas prices for non-household consumers in the EU since the first half of 2008. These prices for non-household consumers do not display the seasonal effect observed for household consumers (see Figure 2). Four peaks are observed in the natural gas total price for non-household consumers since the data collection started. The first peak is observed in the second half of 2008. After falling to €0.031 per KWh in the second half of 2009, the price increased each half year peaking at €0.042 per KWh in the first half of 2013. Then, it decreased every semester, reaching a low of €0.029 in the second half of 2017. After this point, we observe an increase until the first half of 2019, followed by a decrease until the first half of 2021. From the second half of 2021 the price recorded increases reaching €0.0818 per KWh in the first half of 2023. In the second half of 2023 a decrease was observed for the price including non-recoverable taxes, which dropped to €0.0689 per KWh. In the first half of 2024, the price continued to drop, falling to €0.0616 per kWh. The price excluding taxes, in the first half of 2024, was €0.0530 per KWh, showing a -16.0% decrease, compared with the previous semester (€0.0631 per kWh) and -28.7% lower than the same semester of the previous year (€0.0743 per kWh).
The weight of all the taxes increased from around 7.1% in 2008 to around 21% in the first half of 2021 and then dropped to 7.5% in the second half of 2022. After this time point, tax increased raised the proportion to 14% in the first half of 2024.
(€ per KWh)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_203)
Figure 7 presents the proportion of taxes and levies in the total natural gas price that non-household consumers cannot recover. For non-household consumers, the share of these non-recoverable taxes in the first half of 2024 was 44.3% in the Netherlands, 31.3% in Sweden and 24.6% in Finland. Austria had zero percentage and together with Croatia (1.3%) and Poland (1.5%) found themselves at the other end of the spectrum, registering the lowest shares of taxes.
(%)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_203)
Development of gas prices for non-household consumers
Figure 8 shows the change in natural gas prices for non-household consumers including all non-recoverable taxes and levies from the first half of 2023 to the first half of 2024. For comparison purposes, the national currencies were used. These prices decreased in all 25 EU countries having reported these data (Cyprus and Malta do not report natural gas prices in the non-household sector). The decreases ranged from -46.5% in Latvia, to -14.9% in France.
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(%)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_203)
Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
Data sources
Defining household consumers
Throughout this article, references to household consumers relate to the medium standard household consumption band with an annual consumption of natural gas (only piped gas is considered) between 5 555 KWh and 55 555 KWh (20 GJ and 200 GJ). All figures are consumer retail prices and include taxes, levies and VAT. Cyprus, Malta and Finland do not report natural gas prices in the household sector. The full datasets for gas prices for households consumers are available at:
- Gas prices for household consumers - bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards) (nrg_pc_202)
- Gas prices components for household consumers - annual data (nrg_pc_202_c)
and
Defining non-household consumers
Throughout this article, references to non-household consumers relate to the medium standard non-household consumption band with an annual consumption of natural gas between 2 778 GWh and 27 778 GWh (10 000 GJ and 100 000 GJ). Prices correspond to the basic price for natural gas, including all non-recoverable taxes and levies. Cyprus and Malta do not report natural gas prices in the non-household sector. Quantities of natural gas used for chemical processes or electricity and/or combined heat and power production are excluded from these data. The full datasets for gas prices for non-households consumers are available at:
- Gas prices for non-household consumers - bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards) (nrg_pc_203)
- Gas prices components for non-household consumers - annual data (nrg_pc_203_c)
and
Methodology
Prices in national currencies are converted into euro using the average exchange rate of the period for which the prices were reported.
Prices are always compared with the prices of the same semesters (i.e. year on year) in order to avoid seasonal effects.
In 2016, Regulation (EU) No 2016/1952 entered into force. It defines the obligation for the collection and dissemination of natural gas prices for household and non-household consumers. Until 2016, the domain of non-household consumers was defined as industrial consumers, but reporting authorities were allowed to include other non-household consumers. With Regulation (EU) No 2016/1952, the definition was changed from industrial to non-household consumers to have a unique methodology for all reporting countries. Until January 2017, the reporting authorities provided their price data for the household sector on a voluntary basis.
Natural gas tariffs or price schemes vary from one supplier to another. They may result from negotiated contracts, especially for large non-household consumers. For smaller consumers, they are generally set according to a number of characteristics including the amount of natural gas consumed. Most tariffs also include some form of fixed charge. There is, therefore, no single price for natural gas. In order to compare prices over time and between EU Member States, this article shows information for consumption bands for household consumers and for non-household consumers. Natural gas prices for household consumers are divided into three annual consumption bands and, for non-household consumers, into six different consumption bands.
The prices collected cover average prices over a period of 6 months (a half-year or semester) from January to June (first semester) and from July to December (second semester) of each year. Prices include the basic price of natural gas, transmission and distribution charges, metre rental, and other services. Natural gas prices for household consumers presented in this article include taxes, levies, non-tax levies, fees and value added tax (VAT) as this generally reflects the total price paid by household consumers. As non-household consumers are usually able to recover VAT and some other taxes, prices for non-household consumers are shown without VAT and other recoverable taxes/levies/fees. The unit for natural gas prices is that of euro per kilowatt hour (€ per KWh).
Methodological note: In Sweden, from the first semester of 2024, gas prices are calculated using weighted averages of gas grids and are differently impacted by network costs. This cost is fixed, leading to a higher cost per unit for low consumption and a lower cost per unit for high consumption. This is reflected in the data as a (b): Break in time series.
Allowances in the reference period 2024 Semester 1
Belgium:
With regard to household consumption of electricity and gas, in Belgium, the lower TVA rate of 6% introduced by the Government in 2023, remained at the same level for S1 2024.
Czechia:
Czechia All price compensation schemes were ended by 31 December 2023. There is no price compensation for the year 2024.
Denmark:
There are no subsidies affecting the prices in first semester 2024. For previous semesters, there were measures: In first semester 2023 the electricity tax (for households) were reduced to the lowest possible, lowering the final prices with about DKK 0.70 (plus VAT) per kWh comparing with the semester before and also after. This affected fully the households with low annual use (DA, DB, DC), while users in DB and DE already payed less taxes per KWh caused by expected use for heating. In 2022 there was a special compensation for high energy/heating prices, paid out as a lump sum. This mainly affected household users of natural gas. The compensation reduced prices with DKK 83 per GJ.
Germany:
The energy price caps expired at the end of the 2023 calendar year (temporary government measure). In 2023 a qualified price capping system had been applied to all households and to a part of none-household consumers for defined privileged amounts of electricity and natural gas. As of January 2024 the market prices fully returned to the relevant contracted consumer prices again. Natural gas: The energy price caps expired at the end of the 2023 calendar year (temporary government measure). In 2023 a qualified price capping system had been applied to all households and to a part of non-households for defined privileged amounts of natural gas. As of January 2024 the market prices fully returned to the relevant contracted consumer prices again. The temporary reduction of the value-added tax (VAT) on the supply of natural gas ended on 31 March 2024. Since then, the VAT rate has returned to 19 percent. The VAT had been temporarily reduced to 7 percent in October 2022 as a measure to relieve consumers. The balancing neutrality charge (Bilanzierungsumlage) was set to 0 ct/kWh as of 1 October 2023. The gas storage neutrality charge (Gasspeicherumlage) increased to 0.186 ct/kWh on 1 January 2024, up from 0.145 ct/kWh in 2023. The CO2 levy also rose to 0.816 ct/kWh from 0.544 ct/kWh. Electricity: The energy price caps expired at the end of the 2023 calendar year (temporary government measure). In 2023 a qualified price capping system had been applied to all households and to a part of non-households for defined privileged amounts of electricity. As of January 2024 the market prices fully returned to the relevant contracted consumer prices again. The Combined Heat and Power Act Levy (KWKG-Umlage) was reduced to 0.275 ct/kWh as of 1 January 2024, down from 0.357 ct/kWh in 2023. Capacity-related charges have been adjusted upwards: the offshore levy increased to 0.656 ct/kWh from 0.591 ct/kWh in 2023, and the StromNEV levy rose to 0.643 ct/kWh from 0.417 ct/kWh in 2023.
Ireland:
Electricity: Ireland Household Prices: Due to the increases in energy prices from 2022, Ireland has introduced measures to alleviate the burden on final consumers. Domestic electricity customers, including pay as you go customers, have so far received €1250 worth of credits on their electricity cost, spread over their bills as follows: April/May 2022: €200, November/December 2022: €200, January/February 2023: €200, March/April 2023: €200, December 2023: €150, January 2024: €150, March 2024: €150. Customers will also receive 2 credits of €125 between November/December 2024 and January/February 2025. A further measure to tackle rising energy costs has been introduced in the way of a cut in VAT on gas and electricity bills from 13.5 % to 9% from 1 May 2022. This VAT reduction has now been extended to April 2025. Ireland Non-Household Prices: The Temporary Business Energy Support Scheme (TBESS) was introduced in the second half of 2022 to support non-domestic customers with increases in their electricity or natural gas (energy) costs. The scheme was administered by Ireland Revenue and provided a cash payment to qualifying non-domestic customers. As it was not administered by electricity suppliers, TBESS rebates are not accounted for in the prices. The time limit for making a claim for the Temporary Business Energy Support Scheme (TBESS) expired on 30 September 2023. Gas: Ireland Household Prices: To tackle rising energy costs, VAT on gas and electricity bills has been cut from 13.5 % to 9% from 1 May 2022. This VAT reduction has now been extended to April 2025. Ireland Non-Household Prices: The Temporary Business Energy Support Scheme (TBESS) was introduced in the second half of 2022 to support non-domestic customers with increases in their electricity or natural gas (energy) costs. The scheme was administered by Ireland Revenue and provided a cash payment to qualifying non-domestic customers. As it was not administered by electricity suppliers, TBESS rebates are not accounted for in the prices. The time limit for making a claim for the Temporary Business Energy Support Scheme (TBESS) expired on 30 September 2023.
Greece:
Regarding electricity the measures in force for the reference period are below:
- For household customers there was a financial allowance, on the electricity bill, for those who used electricity for heating purposes during the period from January up to March. However not all consumers were eligible, as certain conditions had to be met.
- A specific category of energy-intensive non household consumers, who meet certain criteria, will receive a compensation. Although it concerns the first semester it will affect the prices of the second as it will be paid retrospectively.
Croatia:
Gas – VAT remains at 5% – Decision on subsidizing part of the end price of gas supply for households, and non-households with an annual gas consumption of up to 10 GWh: o support for households ; the amount of support: 0,0199 EUR/kWh, in the period of 1 January to 31 March 2024. From 1 April 2024, subsidies for households were not accounted for because the purchase price of gas was lower than 0,0277 EUR/kWh, which is prescribed by the Government Decision as the lowest amount of the purchase price up to which the final price is not subsidized. o support for non-households, annual gas consumption of up to 10 GWh, the amount of support: 0,0199 EUR/kWh, in the period of 1 January 1 to 31 March 2024. In March 2024, the Government of the Republic of Croatia has adopted Regulation on amendments to the Regulation on eliminating disturbances on the domestic energy market” which extended the application of special and temporary measures for gas trade, for the period from 1 April 2024 to 30 September 2024. Electricity – In March 2024, the Government of the Republic of Croatia has adopted Regulation on amendments to the Regulation on eliminating disturbances on the domestic energy market which extended the application of special and temporary measures for electricity trade, for the period from 1 April 2024 to 30 September 2024. Regulation prescribes the price cap on electricity producers price, regulated prices for households and non-households, mitigating the rise in electricity prices, limitation of the increase in fees for electricity. Additionally, social benefits for citizens at risk of energy poverty, support for pensioners with low pensions.
Spain:
The Government of Spain has maintained the measures adopted during 2021 and reinforced them during 2022. The idea is to continue cushioning the impact of electricity prices on final consumers. These measures have focused on the “taxes, fees and charges” component, such as applying reduced rates to both VAT and the Special Electricity Tax, as well applying a new reduction in electricity charges applicable during 2023, comparing them with those of the previous year.
Cyprus:
The only supportive measure for 2024 S1 in Cyprus both for households and part of commerce is “A percentage subsidy imposed by the Ministry of Finance on specific categories of consumers based on scaled consumption as from September 2022 to October 2024”.
Latvia:
Electricity prices in Latvia (no measures reported for S1 2024): From November 2021, the Electricity Market Law stipulates that protected users (poor or low-income persons, large families or families with disabled children, as well as persons with group I disabilities) have the right to receive additional support for electricity payments to protected users. The support takes the form of partial compensation of the monthly electricity bill from the state budget. From 1 January 2023 to 30 April 2023 all consumers were given 100% discount on MPC (Mandatory Purchase Component). As of 1 May 2023, MPK collection through electricity user bills has been cancelled. In the first half of 2022, state support was applied to non-household final consumers. In the second half of 2022, the state support for distribution tariffs was applied to all consumers. In the first half of 2023, state support for electricity distribution prices was applied to non-household final consumers. From the 2nd half of 2023, state support was applied to electricity distribution prices for households. Natural gas prices in Latvia (no measures reported for S1 2024): From the first half of 2022 to the first half of 2023, a reduction in the price of natural gas from the state budget was applied to households
Poland:
As regards electricity prices in Poland, the support system from 2023 was extended, by the Act, for the first semester of 2024. Measures for Gas: For certain groups of eligible customers, the maximum price for gaseous fuel shall apply. This applies mainly households and the majority of public utilities (education, health care, social assistance and many others). The net fuel price (level 1 without energy`s supply) for such customers is a maximum of 55,602(7) PLN/GJ. The maximum price of gas fuel for the indicated groups is to be valid until 30 June 2024.
Portugal:
Support measures – Electricity and natural gas prices in 2024:
- The reduction of the VAT rate for electricity customers in BTN, with contracted power less than or equal to 3,45 kVA;
- Application of the intermediate rate of VAT (13%) to electricity consumption (does not include fixed component, fees and taxes) of all contracts with a power not exceeding 6,9 kVA, for monthly periods of 30 days, with the following limits: does not exceed 100 kWh per 30-day period or, when purchased for consumption by large families, 150 kWh per 30-day period;
- Social tariffs, applied to economically vulnerable electricity customers;
- Possibility of returning to the regulated tariff in the gas market (since 7 September 2022). Applies to consumers in the domestic sector and small businesses with annual consumption of less than 10 000 m3;
- Possibility of returning to the regulated tariff in the electricity. Applies to consumers in the domestic sector;
- A discount on the price of natural gas for customers with annual consumption exceeding 10 000 m3, only applies to the energy component (Decree-Law no. 84-D/2022, of 9 December). The discount covers 80% of each consumer's reference period consumption under this support. Furthermore, regardless of whether that 80% level is reached or not, the discount ends as soon as the amount of 1 000 000 000 euros is exhausted.
Romania:
According to the national law requirements (Government Emergency Ordinance no. 27/2022 regarding the measures applicable to final customers on the electricity and natural gas market in the period 1 April 2022 - 31 March 2023 with subsequent amendments and additions, still in force during S1 2024), the electricity and gas prices (tariffs/taxes/VAT included - level 3) charged to final clients are capped, therefore, the final invoiced price/kWh (including VAT) for electricity cannot exceed one of the following values: 0.68 lei/kWh, 0.80 lei/kWh or 1.3 lei/kWh (VAT included), depending on type of client (household/nonhousehold) and on consumption level. For natural gas, the capped values of the final invoiced price/kWh (including VAT) are 0.31 lei/kWh - for household clients, respectively 0.37 lei/kWh - for non-household clients. These values are not depending on consumption levels.
Finland:
Household electricity: The Finnish government took several measures about energy cost compensations from 1 November 2022 until 30 April 2023. No more measures are taken beyond this period. Non-household electricity: Excise duty refunds to energy-intensive companies are paid retroactively upon refund application. These refunds are not included in electricity costs. These measures below bellow were solely for household customers not non-household customers. Thus these should be removed from the non-household chapter “Allowances in the reference period 2023 Semester 1”. “The Finnish government has taken several measures about energy cost compensations. The time period affected is from 1 November 2022 until 30 April 2023. No more measures are planned beyond this period. Thus, the effect on electricity prices limit on periods S2/2022 and S1/2023. S2/2022 is final. S1/2023 includes the VAT reduction and retroactive electricity bill compensation (1 and 2), but not the compensation reducing taxation (3) or compensation paid as electricity cost support (4). These data is only available after taxation for 2023 is final. (1) Value added tax of the electricity was reduced from 24 % to 10 % from 1 December 2022 until 30 April 2023. (2) Retroactive electricity bill compensation if the VAT-inclusive electricity price in household’s electricity contract exceeded 10 cents per kilowatt-hour or if the electricity contract was based on spot prices (so-called market price) in November and December 2022 and/or January 2023. The compensation for electricity costs was 50% of the VAT-inclusive price of the electricity bill. The compensation was not granted to the distribution rate or electricity tax. The compensation couldn’t exceed €700 per month. The amount of the compensation was calculated based on the part of your electricity bill that exceeded the threshold of €90/month. The compensation was paid in two instalments. The amount of the instalments was calculated in two different ways: The amount of the first instalment was calculated based on your electricity bills for November and December. The amount of the second instalment was calculated based on your electricity bill for January 2023 and is multiplied by two. Additional measures took effect from 1 January 2023 until 30 April 2023. (3) The compensation of the big electricity bills are part of the existing system of tax credit for household expenses. Electricity bill exceeding €2 000 until €6 000 during 1 January - 30 April 2022 will be compensated by 60% and reduces the amount of tax the customer has to pay. (4) If no taxable income the compensation is made in the form of the electricity cost support. The 60 % compensation will be paid by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland if the electricity bill will exceed 400 €/month but not 1 500 €/month during 1 January - 30 April 2022. Natural gas prices are not compensated by any means.” Natural gas non-households: Excise duty refunds to energy-intensive companies are paid retroactively upon refund application. These refunds are not included in natural gas costs.
Sweden:
Following the compensation provided during 2021 and 2022, there have not been support measures in 2023, not in S1 2024 for gas or electricity regarding households. For the non-household consumers it is still work in progress.
Context
The price and reliability of energy supplies are key elements in a country's energy supply strategy. Natural gas prices are of particular importance for international competitiveness, as natural gas might represent a significant proportion of total energy costs for industrial and service-providing businesses. Contrary to the price of fossil fuels, which are usually traded on global markets with relatively uniform prices, natural gas prices vary widely among EU Member States.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Energy Emergency - preparing, purchasing and protecting the EU together, COM2022(553) final, coordinates solidarity efforts, secures the energy supply, stabilises price levels and support households and companies facing high energy prices.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Tackling rising energy prices: a toolbox for action and support, COM2021(0660) final, points out the observed increase of wholesale energy prices. It is expected that it will be reflected in the final consumer prices in the official statistics for this reference period. The energy prices evolution in the second half 2021 will be available as European official statistics level in April 2022.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, REPowerEU: Joint European Action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy, COM2022(108) final, paves the way to reach independence from Russian gas well before the end of the decade.
In 2019, the European Commission presented the Clean energy for all Europeans package. The Commission completed a comprehensive update of its energy policy framework to facilitate the transition away from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy and to deliver on the EU's Paris Agreement commitments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The Fit for 55 legislative proposals cover a wide range of policy areas including climate, energy, transport and taxation, setting out the ways in which the Commission will reach its updated 2030 target in real terms.
Directive 2009/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas aims to introduce common rules for the transmission, distribution, supply and storage of natural gas with the objectives of providing market access and enabling fair and non-discriminatory competition.
Regulation (EU) 2019/942 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 establishing a European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators. ACER, among others, assists the regulatory authorities in carrying out, at EU level, the regulatory tasks performed in the EU Member States.
Regulation (EU) No 2016/1952 tackles data weaknesses led to the recommendation to improve the detail, transparency and consistency of energy price data collection. An energy prices and costs report would be prepared every 2 years.
The 5th report on energy prices and costs was published in March 2024. It assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on the recent evolution of energy prices; but it also focuses on EU policies and emergency measures aimed at dealing with the consequences of the 2 crises.
Increased transparency for gas and electricity prices should help promote fair competition, by encouraging consumers to choose between different energy sources (oil, coal, natural gas and renewable energy sources) and different suppliers. Energy price transparency is more effective when publishing and broadcasting as widely as possible prices and pricing systems.
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