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economy].. Between 2007 and 2022, the EU circular material use (CMU) rate — the share of used materials derived from collected ... between this relatively high end-of-life recycling rate and the CMU rate (11.5 % in 2022) may seem surprising. However, ...

Correspondingly, the circularity rate (CMU) is defined as the ratio of the circular use of materials (U) to an indicator of the overall material use (M): ::CMU=U/M with ::U = RCV_ R – IMPw + EXPw with ::RCVR: Recycling, on the basis of the treatment ...