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Statistics Explained

Data extracted in January 2024

Planned article update: January 2027

Tourism trends and ageing

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Data extracted in January 2024

Planned article update: January 2027

Highlights

Tourists aged 65 years and over accounted for nearly 1 in 4 tourism nights for private purposes spent by EU residents in 2022.

More than half of European residents aged 65 years and over did not participate in tourism in 2022, compared with 33 % of persons aged 15-64 years.

Senior tourists make longer trips, preferably in their country of residence and stay at non-rented accommodation.

Three separate vertical bar charts showing travel preferences of EU residents with respect to different age groups for the year 2022. The three charts show percentage share of domestic nights, average length in nights and percentage share of nights spent in non-rented accommodation each have two columns comparing ages 15 to 64 years with 65 years and over.
Travel preferences of EU residents, with respect to different age groups, 2022
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnac) (tour_dem_tnage) (tour_dem_ttage)

This article looks at the relationship between age and tourism behaviour, focusing on senior citizens. European statistics on trips of EU residents , the main source of data for this article, cover trips for personal and for professional reasons. Since this article focuses on comparing senior citizens with the rest of the population, only trips for personal purposes are considered for this publication (data shows indeed that only 2 % of trips made by EU residents aged 65 years and over were for professional purposes, while in the other age groups business trips accounted for 11 % of all tourism trips made). The article analyses tourism preferences of senior citizens in terms of destination, period of travel, length of stay, type of accommodation used and expenditure habits during trips. The data refers to the year 2022, unless footnoted differently.


Does retirement boost travel?

Tourists aged 65 years and over accounted for nearly 1 in 4 (24 %) tourism nights for private purposes spent by EU residents aged 15 years and over (see Figure 1). This figure was close to this age group's share in the population aged 15 years and over (25 %).

Vertical bar chart showing percentage share of age groups in the nights spent during personal trips of EU residents. Six age group categories, 15 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 54 to 64 years and 65 years and over each have two columns representing share in tourism nights spent for personal purposes and share in population for the year 2022.
Figure 1: Share of age groups in the nights spent during personal trips of EU residents and in the EU population aged 15 years and over, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (demo_pjangroup) (tour_dem_tnage)

Figure 2 shows the share of each age category in the total number of tourism trips and nights and in the total population aged 15 years and over. The differences between the share of tourism and of the population until the age of 65 years were relatively small. In other words tourism behaviour was not affected significantly by age. However, people between the ages of 65 and 70 years travelled more intensively, making longer trips — probably because of the available time following retirement.

Looking at the population groups in greater detail, we see that people aged 60-74 years generated 23 % of trips and 26 % of tourism nights for private purposes but represented 21 % of the population aged 15 years and over. On the other hand people aged 75 years and over generated 5 % of trips and 7 % of tourism nights for private purposes although this group represented 12 % of the population aged 15 years and over. People over 75 years tended to travel less (in relation to their share of the population) — possibly due to a decreasing motivation to travel or to health issues.

Line chart showing percentage share in personal tourism trips and nights of EU residents aged 15 years and over. Three lines represent share in population, share in nights spent during personal trips and share in number of personal trips for the year 2022.
Figure 2: Share by age in personal tourism trips and nights of EU residents (smoothed series) and in the EU population aged 15 years and over, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (demo_pjan) (tour_dem_tnage)

Older people participate less in tourism

Table 1 shows that 18 % of the total number of EU residents who participated in tourism in 2022 were aged 65 years and over while this age group represents 25 % of the total population aged 15 years and over. The share of each of the other age groups in the tourist population was at least equal or higher to the share of the respective group in the total population, except the age group from 15 to 24 years.

However, there were major differences between countries. In Sweden the share of the age group 65 years and over in the tourist population (28 %) was higher than the share of this age group in the total population (25 %). On the other hand, in Bulgaria and Croatia this age group amounted to less than 10 % of that country's tourist population, while people aged 65 years and over made up respectively 25 % and 26 % of the total 15 years and over population.

Table showing percentage share of different age groups in the tourist population and in the total population aged 15 years and over in the EU, individual EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland and Albania for the year 2022.
Table 1: Shares of different age groups in the tourist population and in the total population, 15 years and over, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_toage) (demo_pjangroup)

In 2022, 38 % of the EU residents aged 15 and over did not participate in tourism, which means that they did not make any trip for personal purposes with at least one night away from home. Looking at age groups, more than half (55 %) of people aged 65 years and over did not undertake any trip (see Figure 3); this is by far the highest proportion of people not participating in tourism in any age group. Among the rest of the population (people aged 15-64 years), only 33 % on average did not make any trips. Furthermore, more than half of the tourists aged 15-64 years (51 %) only made domestic trips, while this share was much higher for the tourists aged 65 years and over (62 %).

Stacked vertical bar chart showing percentage share of the EU population participating in tourism by age group and destination. Totalling 100 percent, seven columns represent age groups, 15 years and over, 15 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 54 to 64 years and 65 years and over. Each column has four stacks representing domestic trips only, domestic and foreign trips, foreign trips only and no trips for the year 2022.
Figure 3: Share of the EU population participating in tourism, by age group and destination, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_toage)


Table showing percentage share of population not participating in tourism by age group in the EU, individual EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland and Albania for the year 2022.
Table 2: Share of population not participating in tourism, by age group, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_toage)

Table 2 shows that in all Member States the share of older people not participating in tourism was higher than the share of the general population aged 15 years and over not participating in tourism.

There were still major discrepancies between countries. The Netherlands had the lowest general non-participation rate (only 16 % of the population aged 15 years and over did not engage in tourism), followed by Luxembourg and Finland (with 17 % and 19 % respectively). These 3 countries, together with France, also recorded the lowest rates of older people aged 65 years and over not participating in tourism, with 28 % in the Netherlands and France, followed by Luxembourg (32 %) and Finland (33 %). It should be mentioned here that Norway had even lower shares, with only 11 % of the population aged 15 years and over and 17 % of people aged 65 years and over not participating in tourism.

On the other hand, Bulgaria and Romania had the highest general non-participation rates (both with 72 % of the population aged 15 years and over), while the share of people aged 65 years and over not making any trips was respectively 89 % and 86 %.

Two out of five Europeans aged 65 years and over who do not make tourism trips mention health reasons

Europeans aged 65 years and over had very different reasons not to travel compared with other age groups. 41 % gave health as one of the main reasons, and this was the most frequently cited reason (see Figure 4). Among the rest of the population (aged 15 to 64 years), only 9 % cited health.

Two out of five (44 %) Europeans aged 15-64 years who did not make tourism trips mentioned financial reasons, while only one out of four (28 %) persons aged 65years and over cited financial considerations as a reason for not travelling.

Furthermore, 34 % of persons aged 65 years and over showed no interest in travelling, while in the 15-64 age group, this figure was 20 %.

Radar chart showing percentage main reasons reported by EU residents for not participating in tourism by age group. Clockwise, five spokes represent financial reasons, health reasons, no motivation to travel, work or study commitments and other reasons. Six lines represent age groups 15 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 54 to 64 years and 65 years and over for the year 2022.
Figure 4: Main reasons reported by EU residents for not participating in tourism by age group, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_npage)

This disparity was mirrored at national level. In Table 3, the most frequently cited reason for not travelling is highlighted for each country and for each age group (15-64 years and 65 years and over). Looking at the 15-64 years age group, in 23 of the 27 EU Member States, financial reasons were mentioned most frequently. Among people aged 65 years and over, health reasons were the most commonly stated reason in 19 out of the 27 Member States, followed by no interest to travel in five Member States and financial reasons in the remaining three Member States.

Table showing percentage main reasons reported for not participating in tourism by age group in the EU, individual EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland, North Macedonia and Albania for the year 2022.
Table 3: Main reasons reported for not participating in tourism by age group, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_npage) (demo_pjangroup)


Seasonal patterns

In order to observe how the seasonal patterns of travel habits change with age, this chapter compares the distribution of nights spent by the two age groups 15-64 years and 65 years and over over the year.

Figure 5 shows that younger people tend to travel during school holidays and were therefore overrepresented in the summer season, while older people travelled more in the 'shoulder season', i.e. the travel period between peak and off-peak seasons, with a less pronounced summer peak. The difference between 65 years and over and the younger age groups was most pronounced just before summer (May, June) or autumn (September, October, November), meaning older tourists are extending the peak tourism season.

Line chart showing percentage distribution of tourism nights spent by EU residents per month. Two lines represent age groups 15 to 64 years and 65 years and over for the twelve months of 2022.
Figure 5: Distribution of tourism nights spent by EU residents per month, for two age groups, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnmd) (tour_dem_tnage)

The peak season, the shoulder season and the winter season for the two age groups are now analysed using pie charts. As shown before, for people aged 65 years and over, the shoulder season was much more pronounced (more than half of all nights were spent during this time) than the typical peak season (29 % of their tourism nights were spent in July or August) (see Figure 6).

Two pie charts showing percentage distribution of tourism nights spent by EU residents per season. One pie chart shows the age group 15 to 64 years, the other 65 years and over, each with three segments for summer season, shoulder season and winter season for the year 2022.
Figure 6: Distribution of tourism nights spent by EU residents per season, for two age groups, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnmd) (tour_dem_tnage)

Travel preferences and expenditure of tourists aged 65 years and over

Within the trips for personal purposes, the share of trips for leisure, holidays and recreation was lower for senior travellers, while the other two categories "visiting friends and relatives" and "other personal trips" (including trips relating to health treatment) were higher (see Figure 7).

Two pie charts showing percentage share of different purposes in the total number of personal trips made by EU residents. One pie chart shows the age group 15 to 64 years, the other 65 years and over, each with three segments for holidays, leisure and recreation; visiting friends and relatives; and other personal trips for the year 2022.
Figure 7: Share of different purposes in the total number of personal trips made by EU residents, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_ttpur) (tour_dem_ttage)

Tourists aged 65 years and over were more likely to make longer tourism trips, trips within their country of residence (domestic trips) and trips spent at non-rented accommodation, for instance at holiday homes they owned or visiting relatives and friends (see Figure 8).

Three separate vertical bar charts showing travel preferences of EU residents with respect to different age groups for the year 2022. The three charts show percentage share of domestic nights, average length in nights and percentage share of nights spent in non-rented accommodation each have two columns comparing ages 15 to 64 years with 65 years and over.
Figure 8: Travel preferences of EU residents, with respect to different age groups, 2022
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnac) (tour_dem_tnage) (tour_dem_ttage)

These findings were mirrored at national level as can be seen in Table 4. The overall conclusions at EU level are the same for most Member States.

The share of domestic nights was higher for people aged 65 years and over than for people aged 15-64 years in most EU countries. Only in Bulgaria, Estonia and Luxembourg the share of domestic nights was lower for senior tourists compared with the other age groups.

EU residents aged 65 years and over made on average longer trips than people aged 15-64 years, with the exception of Lithuania and Hungary. Furthermore, the older age group spent more nights in non-rented accommodation when compared with the younger age groups except for Germany and Austria.

Table showing travel preferences as percentage domestic nights, average nights length and nights spent in non-rented accommodation with respect to different age groups in the EU and individual EU Member States for the year 2022.
Table 4: Travel preferences with respect to different age groups, 2022
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnac) (tour_dem_tnage) (tour_dem_ttage)

The above findings are significant when you consider the expenditure per night of people aged 65 years and over, since older tourists spent less on transport and on accommodation as domestic holidays and non-rented accommodation are generally cheaper.

On average, i.e. regardless of the type of the trip, tourists aged 65 years and over spent less. Figure 9 shows that people aged 65 years and over accounted for 24 % of all nights spent by Europeans, but their share of tourism expenditure was 20 %. This can partially be explained by the travel habits of older tourists outlined in the previous paragraph.

Two pie charts showing percentage share of different age groups in the total number of tourism nights and expenditure for personal purposes of EU residents. One pie chart shows share in tourism nights, the other share in expenditure, each with six segments for age groups 15 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years, 54 to 64 years and 65 years and over for the year 2022.
Figure 9: Share of different age groups in the total number of tourism nights and expenditure for personal purposes of EU residents, 2022 (%)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnage) (tour_dem_exage)

Figures 10a to 10d look at groups of trips that are similar in nature in order to reduce the structural effects of the trip's characteristics. In other words: do senior tourists show different expenditure habits when considering comparable types of trips?

Figure 10a shows the overall difference regardless of the type of trip: on average older residents spent less all year round (-18 %). However, when taking into account the observations on the travel preferences highlighted above (see Figure 8) and looking at the differences in spending between age groups for similar types of trips, the effect is far less pronounced.

Four separate radar charts showing average daily tourism expenditure of EU residents by month for different types of trips in euros. The four charts show expenditure per night for any trip done for private purposes, expenditure per night for long domestic trips done for private purposes spent at rented accommodation, expenditure per night for long foreign trips done for private purposes spent at rented accommodation and expenditure per night for long domestic trips done for private purposes spent at non-rented accommodation. Clockwise, twelve spokes represent January to December. Two lines represent the age groups 15 to 24 years and 65 years and over for the year 2022.
Figures 10a-10d: Average daily tourism expenditure of EU residents, by month, for different types of trips and two age groups, 2022 (€)
Source: Eurostat (tour_dem_tnac) (tour_dem_tnage) (tour_dem_tnmd) (tour_dem_exage)

Figures 10b to 10d show the difference in expenditure for the three most popular types of trips that accounted for more than two thirds of all nights spent by EU residents. During long domestic trips spent at rented accommodation, the average daily expenditure of persons aged 65 years and over was 5 % lower than the expenditure of people aged 15-64 years (Figure 10b), while for similar foreign trips (Figure 10c) the average expenditure was higher for senior tourists (+1 %).

However, when looking at long domestic trips spent in non-rented accommodation, Figure 10d shows that the average daily expenditure of people aged 65 years and over was 10 % lower than that of people aged 15-64 years.

Source data for tables and graphs

Data sources

Collection of annual data on trips of EU residents

The collection consists of harmonised data collected by the Member States in the frame of the Regulation 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning European statistics on tourism.

The data come from household surveys carried out by the national statistics authorities in the Member States. Data are collected partly using questionnaires to gather information on trips made, the purpose of the trip, the destination, the main means of transport, the type of accommodation and expenditure. Information is also collected on the month of departure and the age of the traveller.

Context

The EU is a major tourist destination, with four Member States among the world’s top ten destinations for holidaymakers, according to UNWTO[1] data. Tourism is an important activity in the EU which has the potential to contribute towards employment and economic growth, as well as to development in rural, peripheral or less-developed areas. These characteristics drive the demand for reliable and harmonised statistics within this field, as well as within the wider context of regional policy and sustainable development policy areas.

Notes

  1. ↑ UNWTO data

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