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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Iceland |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Economy Statistics / Environment and energy |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Borgartún 21A 105 Reykjavík Iceland |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 23/08/2022 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 30/04/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 30/04/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) provide an aggregate overview, in thousand tonnes per year, of the material flows into and out of an economy. EW-MFA cover solid, gaseous, and liquid materials, except for bulk flows of water and air. Like the system of national accounts, EW-MFA constitute a multi-purpose information system. The detailed material flows provide a rich empirical database for numerous analytical purposes. Further, EW-MFA are used to derive various material flow indicators. The National Statistical Institute (NSI) sent to Eurostat on yearly basis the EW-MFA. The accounts comprise the following reporting tables:
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EW-MFA record physical flows of materials broken down by type of flow and by type of material. The type of flow dimension corresponds to the EW-MFA questionnaire reporting tables and derived indicators, namely:
The breakdown by type of material employs a classification of materials. This EW-MFA classification of materials is hierarchical with main material flow categories (1-digit level). Each main category is further broken down, maximal down to 4-digit-level: 1-digit: material category; 2-digit: material class; 3-digit: material group; 4-digit: material sub-group. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conceptually economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, EW-MFA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts. EW-MFA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record material flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically. Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Material flows and resource productivity'). For more detailed information please see also 3.1. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistical units change according to the different data sources (e.g. agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics, production statistics, geological surveys, energy statistics, foreign trade statistics etc.) which EW-MFA are based on. |
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EW-MFA refer to the entire national economy of the reporting country (see also 3.3 'Coverage - sector')). EW-MFA include all materials (excluding water and air) crossing the system boundary (between the environment and the economy) on the input side or on the output side. The economy is demarcated by the conventions of the national accounting system (resident units). Material inputs to the economy cover extractions of natural resources (excluding water and air) from the natural environment and imports of material products (goods) from the rest of the world economy (ROW). Material outputs are disposals of materials to the natural environment and exports of material products and waste to the ROW. Information on natural resources extracted and traded products is provided by different statistical units. |
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Iceland and all activities of individuals and companies registered with domicile in Iceland |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please see the table in 3.8.1. |
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3.8.1. Coverage – Time: by questionnaire table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable because EW-MFA is not reported as indices. |
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The unit of measure is thousand tonnes. |
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The data refer to the calendar years. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011 on European Environmental Economic Accounts. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable in national level this information is required at European level only. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
EW-MFA is compiled using various registry data sources that are subject to confidentiality policies within Statistics Iceland. Unprocessed data from these sources is not shared with a third party. Similarly, Statistics Iceland will not "reshare" data it obtains from any sources without a ruling from the courts to that effect. Data processing is subject to testing to see if the results can be traced to a single individual or entity. This method is strictly followed when processing custom statistics, which can be requested from Statistics Iceland. However, Statistics Iceland considers the matter of environmental issues a special case where clauses on confidentiality are not as strictly followed since the issue affects the entire population. Therefore Statistics Iceland will submit and publish data even when it can be inferred that emissions or material flow can be attributed to a single industrial entity, even though the entity is not directly identified. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Statistics Iceland considers the matter of environmental issues a special case where clauses on confidentiality are not as strictly followed since the issue affects the entire population. Therefore, no data is flagged as confidential 'c)' in the data submitted to Eurostat. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
The EW-MFA is compiled in March-April and should be ready for submission to Eurostat at that time. The dataset is published to the external data repository of Statistics Iceland (https://statice.is/statistics/environment/material-flow/material-flow-accounts/) the following week. The account is revised in July-August after all domestic extraction data for the previous year is available. An updated dataset is submited to Eurostat if there are significant changes in values. The data is re-published after it has been validated by Eurostat (approximately 3 months later). |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Not applicable |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Key data from the Eurostat dataset is available via px-web services Datasets include:
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See item 8.1 |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
News of updates, changes, or other changes to the data is published in Icelandic and English at the Statistics Iceland website. Notifications are also sent to subscribers to the data stream. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
A statistics explained type document (in Icelandic) explaining the data and information content of the EW-MFA was published in June 2020 https://hagstofa.is/utgafur/utgafa/umhverfi/upplysingar-i-efnisflaedireikningum/ |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Key data from the Eurostat dataset is available via px-web services (https://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Umhverfi/) Datasets include:
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Access to microdata is provided for qualified research purposes, see https://statice.is/services/data-for-scientific-research/. Tailored statistics from the underlying data and processing data is available upon request, see https://statice.is/services/tailored-statistics/ |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
None so far. The data will be re-published in an environmental indicator dashboard format |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Metadata in Icelandic is available. |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Quality assessment is done during compilation. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
To ensure the quality of EW-MFA data the following points are tested for consistency:
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
The compilation report (automatic report generated by the compilation data stream) is reviewed by two subject experts (panel). The compilation report highlights computation method, data sourcing, and data source completeness. The assessment report is also reviewed by the same experts, which suggest improvement in the processing datastream (software). Updates are implemented annually. The quality of the statistics is substantially improved for years post-2005. This year marks the general electronic record-keeping of the toll authority and tighter mass recording of import and export. Record keeping for business statistics is often limited to 1995 (ISAT95). Data prior to this year can not be validated with the same source as post-1995. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Statistics Iceland published the EW-MFA for the first time in 2019. This means little is know about the user needs for the module. Statistics Iceland holds regular webinars where the information content and analysis is demonstrated. These presentations are held for parties that may have use for the data, such as
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Not known |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Data are complete for mandatory tables of EW-MFA questionnaire. Data for all Member States and EU aggregates are available starting from the year 2000. In case of missing data, Eurostat gap-fills the missing information. In addition, supplementary datasets are produced from in-process data tables from the EW-MFA processing. These data tables are: Material flow by the state of manufacture (https://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Umhverfi/Umhverfi__3_efnisflaedi__3_efnisflaedireikningar/UMH34090.px): Here the state of manufacture (Final state, semi-final state, and raw material) are exposed for each material category in the data flow. The EW-MFA only shows the total mass by the state of manufacture in the import and export flow. This analysis is thought of as a building-set for a Sankey-type analysis of how material refinement and waste generation occur through the economy. This is an in-depth analysis of resource productivity. The flow of food material through the economy (https://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Umhverfi/Umhverfi__3_efnisflaedi__3_efnisflaedireikningar/UMH34095.px): Here the mass of food produced within the economy (not a part of the EW-MFA) is included with the import and export quantities of food are summarized by material category and state of manufacture. This dataset is meant to answer questions, such as:
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Please use Annex 3 for providing an assessment of the overall quality of the reported data. Annexes: Annex 3 - assessment of data quality of the reported data |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | ||||||||||||
Eurostat collects economy-wide material flow accounts data from national statistical institutes (NSI) via an annual questionnaire (see 6.1 for legal base). The reporting deadline for the questionnaire is 31 December of the year T (T = deadline and year into which the deadline falls). The most recent reference year for which Statistics Iceland must report the T-2 year. Statistics Iceland returns preliminary values for the T-1 year Statistics Iceland publishes the material:
Eurostat publishes data in two waves (see also 8.1):
- By June (T+6m), if not already reported by NSI, Eurostat estimates and publishes data for reference year N+1y (=T-1y) on the basis of national and international data sources; |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | ||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | ||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | ||||||||||||
Publication of the data is delayed only if primary sources are delayed, or if the reporting of the primary sources is significantly changed resulting in a revision of the data processing protocol. Following are the dates of submission of the EW-MFA:
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | ||||||||||||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | ||||||||||||||||||||
Data on EW-MFA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting EW-MFA data to Eurostat. The comparability for Iceland is excellent due to the physical isolation of the country. Thus, imports and exports are well monitored by trade statistics. Furthermore, the national registry for individuals and companies are of high quality. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable because physical imports and exports as recorded in EW-MFA are not specified by origin and/or destination. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | ||||||||||||||||||||
Please see the table in 15.2.1.1. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | ||||||||||||||||||||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed | ||||||||||||||||||||
Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | ||||||||||||||||||||
Eurostat performs cross-domain checking between EW-MFA data and data from other statistical domains by verifying whether data are in accordance with certain basic criteria that serve to assess the plausibility of the given data. In the context of 2021 data cycle, the following domains have been used:
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable; reported EW-MFA data are only annual. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | ||||||||||||||||||||
The data are coherent with national accounts and environmental-economic accounts. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | ||||||||||||||||||||
Will be completed later |
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Coding:
Data processing/compilation:
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17.1. Data revision - policy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Each year the EW-MFA questionnaire requests the entire time series. The processing of the dataset, therefore, applies to all previous years, which means the data is reviewed and revised in its entirety. Data is revised
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17.2. Data revision - practice | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data is revised on annual basis ---
Annexes: Short summary in changes to the MFA module when toll numbers to MF classification was changed Tollnumber to MF class projection (excel file) |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Data sources used to produce economy-wide material flow accounts are described in the sub-concepts 18.1.1 (and Annex) and 18.1.2. Output files from compilation of the EW-MFA are in annexes of this item 18.1. The output file describes data collection and quality test for the data sources. The output files (HTML format) contain verion descriptions of the compilation and comments on development of the compilation stack. The output file also contains rudimentary output quality evaluation that is used to verify and test the output compared to the most recent submission of the data (last year's). Annexes: Output file (HTML-file) from compilation of Table A 2024 Output file (HTML-file) from compilation of Table B 2024 Output file (HTML-file) from compilation of Table F 2024 |
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18.1.1. Source data - Table A, B, D, F and G | |||
Please use Annex 1 to report the detailed data sources for questionnaire tables A, B, D, F and G.
The Annexes: Datasources by table |
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18.1.2. Source data - Table I | |||
RME calculations have yet to be implemented in the MFA compilation due to a lack of the necessary tables from National Accounts. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Data is collected monthly |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
The EW-MFA is compiled twice each year, first in march-april and then again in July-August. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Full data validation is done once per year in association with the final compilation of the dataset. Validation rules check for:
Code revisions are scheduled following the March-April collection. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Processing of the initial data is done via R-processing. The process returns near-complete excel data sheets with a structure similar to the final Eurostat documents. Final completion and footnote checking is done by hand in the Eurostat-Excel sheet. This sheet is then fed into a database where cross-submission validation and checking is done.. |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.2. Estimation approaches for specific items | |||
Please use Annex 2 to describe estimation approaches for specific items. Only one item in the EW-MFA needs to be estimated completely: Data for fuel purchased by fishing vessels and national water transport vessels are not available from 2004-2013. The missing values were estimated by calculating total mass of cargo carried by the transport fleet for these years. The fuel consumption per tonne cargo transported is known prior to 2004 and post-2013 with some accuracy. The fuel required to transport the weight from 2004-2013 was then calculated using a linearly varying fuel/cargo coefficient from 2004 to 2013. Annexes: EW-MFA Annex-2 |
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18.5.3. Adjustment used of correspondence table for Tables B and D | |||
Resident adjustment for road and water transport is done by the same method as is in the AEA processing |
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18.5.4. Adjustment used of conversion factors for Tables B and D | |||
Not applicable |
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18.5.5. Fuel trade, residence adjustment | |||
Resident adjustment for road transport, air transport and water transport is done by the same method as is used for AEA. |
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18.5.6. Significant problems | |||
A few major deficiencies are known:
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable; i.e. in EW-MFA no time series adjustment necessary. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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EW-MFA annex 1- mapping of national data to MFA categories |