Throughout their life, people develop skills through work, volunteering activities, leisure, life experience, self-learning, online learning, non-institutional courses and more. Validating these non-formal and informal learning helps them to better integrate into the labour market and the society. This study evaluates the actions taken by EU countries in response to the 2012 Council Recommendation on the validation of non-formal and informal learning. It focuses on whether the objectives of the recommendation have been achieved in terms of enabling individuals to identify and document their skills and competences acquired through non-formal or informal learning; and to obtain qualifications for the benefit of their professional and social development.

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