Referring to the findings, Vice-President Margaritis Schinas stated:

"Even in the context of the broader “infodemic” that ensued after the coronavirus outbreak, these figures are shocking – and a clear call to action."

The study found that a small number of the noisiest accounts create an outsized share of antisemitic content. The study also found a proliferation of ‘grey area' content, which likely did not contravene legal thresholds around hate speech or Holocaust denial in France or Germany, but which nonetheless has the potential to be harmful.