The Commission takes note of today’s judgment of the General Court, upholding the Commission’s decision of 22 December 2020 approving Polish State aid to LOT under the Temporary Framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the current COVID-19 outbreak.
In today’s judgment, the General Court confirmed that the Commission provided sufficient reasoning in its decision for its conclusion that the measure was compatible with the internal market, in particular since it fulfilled the conditions set out in the Temporary Framework with respect to recapitalisation measures.

The Commission takes note of the judgment by the General Court upholding a 2021 Commission decision. In its decision, the Commission found that Bank of America, Natixis, Nomura, RBS (now NatWest), UBS, UniCredit and WestLB (now Portigon) breached EU antitrust rules through the participation of a group of traders in a cartel in the primary and secondary market for European Government Bonds (‘EGB').
In its judgment, the General Court found that the Commission had a legitimate interest to address the decision to all cartelists, irrespective of whether they were subject to fines. In addition, it largely upheld the amount of the fines imposed by the Commission, with the exception of those imposed on Nomura and UniCredit, which the General Court slightly reduced.
See also Curia's press release (in PDF format).

The Commission takes note of the judgment of the General Court dismissing an appeal against a 2023 Commission decision. In its 2023 decision, the Commission rejected a complaint against a number of companies active in quartz sand extraction in Belgium for alleged anticompetitive practices. In particular, the Commission found that the complaint did not involve a sufficient Union interest to justify further investigation, especially considering that the matter had already been brought to the attention of a Belgian court and that the latter appeared well placed to remedy the issues complained of.
In its judgment, the General Court confirmed, among others, that the Commission may reject complaints when, in cases with a predominantly national dimension, national courts are well placed to address the issues concerned.

The Commission takes note of today’s preliminary ruling by the Court of Justice confirming that a public contribution, granted to compensate an undertaking for the closure of a production site, constitutes State aid, provided that it is established, first, that the same undertaking would not have been able to obtain the same advantage in circumstances corresponding to the normal conditions of the market concerned and, second, that there is effective competition on that market.
In particular, the Court of Justice has confirmed that such a public contribution seems to confer an advantage on the beneficiary undertaking by mitigating costs (i.e. the costs for the cessation of the economic activity) that under normal market conditions are included in the budget of any undertaking.

The Commission takes note of the Judgment of the General Court upholding a 2022 Com-mission's decision, not to raise objections to a Spanish and Portuguese measure aiming to reduce electricity wholesale prices in the Iberian market.
In its Judgment, the General Court held that the Commission was right in finding that there was no serious doubts that the measure was compatible with EU State aid rules and EU En-ergy law. In essence, the General Court held that the Commission did not commit an error by not taking the applicants’ specific position on the electricity market into account. The General Court held that there was no discrimination and that the Commission was correct in finding the measure proportionate.

The Commission takes note of the judgement of the Court of Justice of the EU which The judgment clarifies that the Council Directive 96/67/EC on access to the groundhandling market at Community airports does not exclude the application of EU competition law’s prohibition of abusive conduct in situations where the airport provider refuses access to the airport infrastructure necessary for the provision of ground handling services at EU airports.
In particular, the Court confirmed that the mere existence of sectoral rules in no way means that the conduct in question is exempted from the competition rules laid down by the Treaties, irrespective of whether or not those sectoral rules are applicable to that conduct.

The Commission takes note of today’s preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in case Alphabet and Others (C-233/23) clarifying the interpretation of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU’).
In particular, the Court clarified that, where a dominant company has developed a digital platform intended for use by third parties, it may constitute an abuse of dominant position to refuse to grant interoperability between that platform and a third-party app. The Court has also emphasised that this refusal can be an abuse even if access to that platform is not indispensable for the commercial operation of the third-party app, but is such as to make that app more attractive to consumers.
Furthermore, the Court clarified that the fact that the third-party app and other competitors remained on the market or even grew their position despite not having access to the dominant company’s platform does not mean that the refusal of interoperability did not have anti-competitive effects and was therefore not abusive. Such refusal can still be considered abusive if it has the potential to hinder competition on the market.
See also Curia's press release (in PDF format).

The Commission takes note of today’s preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice in the Athenian Brewery Case (C-393/23). The case concerns the question whether a person claiming to have been harmed by an infringement of EU competition law can sue the company which committed that infringement at the seat of the parent company in another Member State jointly with that parent company.
The judgment clarifies that a parent company and its subsidiary can be jointly sued at the place where one of them is domiciled if the parent company exercises decisive influence on the economic activity of the subsidiary.
Where the parent company holds all or almost all the shares in the capital of its subsidiary, a presumption applies that it exercises such decisive influence over the subsidiary.

The Commission takes note of today’s judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which sets aside a 2023 judgment of the General Court. In its judgment, the General Court partially upheld an action for annulment brought by Carpatair against a 2020 Commission State aid decision which found, after a formal investigation procedure, that several measures granted by Romanian public authorities to Timisoara airport and airlines operating at that airport either did not constitute State aid or constituted compatible State aid.
In its judgment, the Court of Justice found that the 2023 judgement by the General Court is vitiated by inadequate statement of reasons on Carpatair’s legal standing to bring an action for annulment of the 2020 Commission’s State aid decision. It thus decided to set aside the 2023 judgment, and to refer the case back to the General Court.

The Commission takes note of today’s judgment of the General Court upholding a 2022 Commission State aid decision. In that decision the Commission found, after a formal investigation started in 2019, that a capital injection provided by the ultimately joint Danish/Swedish owned company PostNord Group AB to its subsidiary Post Danmark does not consitute State aid.
In addition, the decision concluded that Denmark and Sweden should recover the aid that they had directly granted in the form of two capital injections to the holding PostNord AB.
In its judgment, the General Court declared the application inadmissible since the applicant did not demonstrate that it has standing to bring proceedings against the Commission decision.

The judgment concerns the assignment of competition law damages claims by several putative victims to a legal person for the purpose of bringing a single damages action in only one lawsuit (in which that legal person acts as claimant).
It clarifies that the principles of effectiveness and effective judicial protection preclude the interpretation of national law which, in the absence of a final decision by a competition authority finding an infringement of competition law, automatically prohibits putative victims of competition law infringements from assigning their claims for compensation on a fiduciary basis to a legal person for the purpose of bringing a single damages action, if no other equivalent legal or contractual possibilities for consolidating claims for damages exist. The assignment on a fiduciary basis implies that putative victims only receive payment on their claims, if the damages action (in or out of court) is successful.
If no interpretation of the national provisions forming the basis of such a prohibition, which is consistent with the principles of effectiveness and effective judicial protection, is possible, national courts must disapply the said provisions.

The Commission takes note of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union finding that Estonia has failed to transpose the ECN+ Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/1)) into national legislation, in breach of Article 34 of the ECN+ Directive.
In its judgment, the Court imposed a lump sum on Estonia of €400 000 as well as a daily penalty payment of €3000, applying from 23 January 2025 until the day Estonia notifies full transposition to the Commission.
The Commission expects Estonia to promptly bring the infringement to an end by promptly adopting and communicating transposition measures. This is essential to ensure that competition law is enforced with the same powers and guarantees throughout the European Union.

The Commission takes note of today’s judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU, setting aside a 2023 judgment by which the General Court annulled a 2020 Commission State aid decision. In its decision, the Commission found that an Italian aid scheme that aimed to compensate the damage suffered by certain airlines in the period 1 March-15 June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic was in line with EU State aid rules.
In today’s judgment, the Court of Justice confirmed that, in the judgment under appeal, the General Court erred by finding that the Commission had failed to comply with the obligation to state reasons pursuant to Article 296 TFEU. The Court of Justice thus decided to set aside the 2023 judgment of the General Court and to remit the remainder of the case to the General Court.
The Court of Justice also clarified that, while the Commission has a duty to examine State aid measures under provisions of Union law other than Articles 107 and 108 TFEU, that does not mean that it must in every case justify the absence of an explicit examination of the compatibility an aid measure in the light of certain provisions or certain principles of EU law other than the State aid rules.

The Commission takes note of the preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union. In its judgment, the Court clarified that State aid rules and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union do not prevent national authorities from establishing economic continuity between the beneficiary company identified by the Commission decision and a third-party company, which acquired the beneficiary’s assets after that decision and did not participate in the procedure before the Commission.
Consequently, the Court clarified that the Member State concerned may extend to the successor company the scope of the recovery decision, thus declaring it obliged to repay the amount unduly received by the original beneficiary.

The European Commission takes note of today’s judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU, upholding in full a 2020 Commission Decision. In its decision the Commission found that the implementation of the Madeira Free Zone aid scheme (Regime III) in Portugal is not in line with the Commission's State aid decisions of 2007 and 2013. The objective of the approved measure was to contribute to the economic development of the outermost region of Madeira through tax incentives for companies creating jobs in Madeira and for activities effectively and materially performed in that region.
In its judgment, the Court confirms the General Court findings that the Commission was right in considering that the tax reductions were applied to companies that have made no real contribution to the development of the region, including on jobs created outside Madeira (and even outside the EU), in breach of the conditions laid down in the 2007 and 2013 State aid decisions.
This judgment is consistent with the previous findings of the General Court in this case and in a number of other appeal cases brought against the Commission’s 2020 decision by Portugal (T-95/21) and by some beneficiaries, which were dismissed by the General Court.

The Commission takes note of the preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union confirming that for the establishment of a restriction of competition ‘by effect’ with-in the meaning of Article 101(1) TFEU it may suffice to demonstrate potential restrictive effects on competition, provided that these are sufficiently appreciable.

The Commission takes note of the judgment of the General Court in case T-561/21 rejecting HSBC’s appeal against a 2021 Commission’s decision. In 2021, the Commission re-adopted a prohibition decision against HSBC, following the 2019 partial annulment by the General Court of the previous Commission’s decision in the euro interest rate derivatives cartel case of 2016, on the basis that the Commission had failed adequately to explain part of the methodology used for calculating the fines imposed. In its 2021 decision, the Commission explained in further detail how the fine was calculated and slightly reduced the fine amount previously imposed on the company.
In its judgment, the General Court upheld the Commission’s assessment and decision of 2021.
See also Curia's press release (in PDF format).

The Commission takes note of the judgments of the General Court in Cases T-58/20 (NetCologne v Commission), T-64/20 (Deutsche Telekom v Commission) and T-69/20 (Tele Columbus v Commission), fully upholding a 2019 Commission decision. In its decision, the Commission approved the acquisition of certain Liberty Global assets by Vodafone, subject to conditions.
In its judgments, the General Court confirmed the Commission’s assessment of both (i) the potentially negative impact of the transaction, as notified, on the retail TV markets in Germany; and (ii) of the suitability of the remedies submitted by the merging parties to address the identified competition concerns.
See also Curia's press release (in PDF format), as well as judgments T-64/20, together with T-69/20.

The Commission takes note of the judgement of the General Court fully upholding a 2020 Commission decision. In its decision, the Commission approved the acquisition of joint control of INWIT by Telecom Italia and Vodafone, subject to conditions.
In its judgment, the General Court confirmed the Commission’s assessment of the suitability of the remedies submitted by the merging parties to address the identified competition concerns.

The Commission takes note of today’s judgment of the General Court which partially rejects the action for failure to act brought by the applicants under Article 265 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU’). The General Court did reject as inadmissible the part of the action relating to the contributions granted by the NL to Dutch shipowners for the electric trawl fishing, that were cofinanced under the common fisheries policy by Council Regulation (EC) No 1198/2006 on the European Fisheries Fund and Regulation (EU) No 508/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund.
However, the General Court found that the Commission has failed to fulfil its obligations under the Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, laying down detailed rules for the application of Article 108 TFEU (the ‘Procedural Regulation’), following a complaint on presumed illegal State aid granted by the NL to Dutch shipowners for the electric trawl fishing. According to the judgment, the Commission did not adopt a clear and definitive position on the national aids which were the object of the complaints.
The Commission will carefully study the judgment and decide on possible further steps.