The FVO carried out an audit in South Africa in February/March 2015 to South Africa concerning export controls for citrus fruits. The EU imports some 650,000 tonnes of citrus fruits from South Africa each year. This was the fourth audit on this topic which was carried out in response to the ongoing interceptions of a harmful organism (pathogen), Phyllosticta citricarpa, in consignments of citrus fruit exported from South Africa to the EU. P. citricarpa is the causative agent of citrus black spot (CBS). This fungus is not present in the EU and its introduction into the EU is banned. Nevertheless, between 2011 and 2014, checks on consignments of citrus from South Africa resulted in 129 interceptions due to the presence of P.citricarpa. CBS has significant economic impact mainly due to the external blemishes that make citrus fruit unsuitable for the fresh market. Severe infections may cause premature fruit drop. The FVO audit found that the CBS Risk Management Scheme operated by the South African authorities had been extensively revised over the past five years, in light of experience gained during successive export seasons and the outcome of investigations following findings of non-compliance or EU interceptions of P. citricarpa. The conditions for registration for export had been strengthened considerably. Additional checks of citrus fruit at pack-houses address a weakness highlighted during the previous two FVO audits and should be beneficial in identifying fruit with CBS symptoms. Places that do not comply with the conditions of the Risk Management Scheme as well as those where CBS is identified are automatically excluded from exporting to the EU. The FVO concluded that the export procedures and checks now are fully in-line with International Standards and the EU import requirements for citrus fruit originating in South Africa. The report made a recommendation to the South African authorities on the need to provide assurances that field controls are implemented consistently. EU Member States continue to check imports of citrus fruit for the presence of the pathogen.