Statistics Explained

Archive:European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition

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To be created: web-adapted introduction.

Introduction

Until recently, there was no harmonised definition of ‘a city’ for European and other countries member of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This undermined the comparability, and thus also the credibility, of cross-country analysis of cities. To resolve this problem, the OECD and the European Commission developed a new definition of a city and its commuting zone in 2011.

This new OECD-EC definition identified 828 (greater) cities with an urban centre of at least 50 000 inhabitants in the EU, Switzerland, Croatia, Iceland and Norway. In addition, this methodology identified a further 492 cities in Canada, Mexico, Japan, Korea and the United States. This Regional Focus describes on the European cities, for information on the other cities, see Redefining urban: a new way to measure metropolitan areas (OECD 2012) (1). Half of these European cities are relatively small with a centre between 50 000 and 100 000 inhabitants. Only two are global cities (London and Paris). These cities host about 40 % of the EU population. These cities do not include towns and suburbs which cover another 30 % of the EU population according to the revised degree of urbanisation classification.

Each city is part of its own commuting zone or a polycentric commuting zone covering multiple cities. These commuting zones are significant, especially for larger cities. The cities and commuting zones together (called Larger Urban Zones) account for 60 % of the EU population.

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Main statistical findings

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