Archive:High-tech statistics - economic data

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Data extracted in December 2015. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database. Planned article update: (dd) Month YYYY(, hh:00).

This article analyses data on economic statistics in high-technology (high-tech) sectors in the European Union (EU) and in some EFTA and candidate countries.

Creating new technologies, making effective use of them and bringing them to market are essential in the global race for competitiveness. High-tech sectors and enterprises are key drivers of economic growth and productivity, and generally provide high value-added and well-paid employment.

Table, Figure or Map X: Full title of the Table, Figure or Map
Source: Eurostat (educ_ilang)

Main statistical findings

Economic statistics on high-tech sectors

The European Union had almost 46 000 enterprises in high-tech manufacturing in 2012 (Table 1). Four countries — Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), Italy and the Czech Republic — together account for around 53 % of the high-tech sector in the EU-28. The UK has the most enterprises in the high-tech knowledge-intensive services sector (156 511 enterprises), followed by France (115 845) and Italy (100 251).

An interesting picture emerges when we look at turnover and value-added in high-tech manufacturing. Germany reported the highest turnover in 2012, with totals more than twice those in countries with comparable numbers of high-tech manufacturers. Germany’s high-tech manufacturing turnover stood at EUR 113 billion, followed by France (70 billion) and Italy (47 billion). Value-added in 2012 was distributed in a similar way, with Germany's contribution highest at close to EUR 39 billion, followed by France and the UK at 20 billion and 18 billion, respectively.

Turnover in the high-tech knowledge-intensive services sector was higher than for high-tech manufacturing in all countries for which data are available, except the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Slovakia. Knowledge-intensive services generated a production value at least three times higher than high-tech manufacturing in the UK, Portugal, Lithuania, Croatia, Spain, Romania and the Netherlands.

Trade in high-tech products

Trade in high-tech products refers to the import and export of products identified as being high-technology. These high-tech products are divided into nine groups: ‘aerospace’, ‘armament’, ‘chemistry’, ‘computers-office machines’, ‘electrical machinery’, ‘electronics-telecommunications’, ‘non-electrical machinery’, ‘pharmacy’ and ‘scientific instruments’.

High-tech products represented 15.6 % of the value of all exports from the EU-28 in 2014, though with wide disparities between countries, ranging from a 44.9 % share in Malta to just 2.0 % in Greece. Two product groups, electronics-telecommunications and aerospace, together accounted for nearly half (46.1 %) of EU high-tech exports (Figure 1). A further 42.2 % came from scientific instruments, computers-office machines and pharmacy. The remaining four product groups — chemistry, electrical machinery, non-electrical machinery and armament — accounted for a mere 11.7 % of high-tech exports.

In value terms Germany was the EU's leading exporter of high-tech products to the rest of the world in 2014, followed by the Netherlands, France and the UK. Eight countries — Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and Austria — recorded high-tech trade surpluses. In 2014, more than two thirds of the countries covered increased their high-tech exports from 2013 levels. Overall, however, the EU recorded a high-tech Extra-EU trade deficit in 2014, with imports around EUR 7 billion higher than exports.

R&D expenditure in high-tech sectors

Research and development (R&D) spending in high-tech sectors by EU-28 businesses increased by an average of 4 % per year in 2005-2013, reaching EUR 180 billion in 2013. Bulgaria saw the highest annual growth over the period, averaging more than 25 %, while at the other end of the scale Luxembourg and Iceland recorded annual falls of 3.1 % and 5.1 %, respectively (see Figure 2).

Germany, France and the UK together accounted for more than half of all EU high-tech R&D spending in 2013. Germany had the highest spending in the high-tech manufacturing sector in 2013, at almost EUR 11.5 billion or 21 % of its total R&D expenditure. Slovakia's R&D spending in high-tech manufacturing was the lowest, at 2.1 % of total R&D expenditure. In high-tech services, R&D spending in 2013 topped EUR 12 billion in France and the UK, while it was lowest in Cyprus at barely 4 billion.

Venture capital investment (VCI)

Data sources and availability

Context

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Other information

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Notes

[[Category:<Subtheme category name(s)>|Name of the statistical article]] [[Category:<Statistical article>|Name of the statistical article]]