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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (STATEC) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | ENT3 - Structural Business Statistics |
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1.5. Contact mail address | STATEC |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 12/03/2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 12/03/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 12/03/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age. Part of this is the "European strategy for data", envisioning a single market for data to ensure the EU's global competitiveness and data sovereignty, in which context a comprehensive set of new rules for all digital services was proposed: the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act, which are centrepieces of the EU digital strategy. Furthermore, the Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy presented a new “EU cybersecurity strategy”, which is intended to bolster the EU's collective resilience against cyber threats, safeguard a global and open internet and protect EU values and the fundamental rights of its people. Furthermore, data will allow monitoring the progress towards A Europe fit for the digital age, one of the six priorities for the period 2019-2024 of the von der Leyen European Commission. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
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3.2. Classification system | |||
3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
All economic activities in the scope of Annex I of the Commission Regulation are intended to be included in the general survey, covering enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons. These activities are: NACE Rev. 2 sections C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M and N, division 95.1. For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below. |
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3.3.1. Coverage-sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - All NACE Rev. 2 categories are covered | |||
3.3.2. Coverage sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - If not all activities were covered, which ones were covered? | |||
Micro-enterprises are not covered by the survey in Luxembourg. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following areas: - Access to and use of the Internet - E-commerce and e-business - Use of cloud computing services - Artificial Intelligence - Other topics: Data utilisation, sharing, analytics and trading, Invoicing. The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
The enterprise unit was used. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Target Population As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons shall be covered by the survey. For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below. |
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3.6.1. Coverage of micro-enterprises | |||
No | |||
3.6.2. Breakdown between size classes [0 to 1] and [2 to 9] | |||
No | |||
3.6.3. If for micro-enterprises different size delimitation was used, please indicate it. | |||
Micro-enterprises are not covered by the survey in Luxembourg. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The whole territory was covered. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Years 2022 and 2023. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable |
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Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons. |
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The reference periods defined in the model questionnaire were followed in the national survey: “Where not otherwise specified, the reference period is the current situation (year 2023). The reference period for the percentages of sales/orders data is the financial year 2022.” |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in enterprises: Loi du 10 juillet 2011 portant sur l’établissement de l’Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (STATEC). |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable for this survey |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society. At national level :
Quantitative variables
Qualitative variables
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Data are transmitted via eDamis (encrypted) and delivered to a secure environment where they are treated. Flags are added for confidentiality in case results must not be disclosed. At national level : Data are transmitted via eDamis (encrypted) and delivered to a secure environment where they are treated. National Statistical Institutes are requested to add flags for confidentiality in case results must not be disclosed.
Quantitative variables The basis for any suppression pattern is the software package tau-Argus. However, the process also involves manual procedures, i.e. checking the tau-Argus output, comparing the historical data series and addressing linked table disclosure risks (see secondary confidentiality for further details). The statistical disclosure control procedures are not performed for every variable individually but only for a primary shadow variable, i.e. "Turnover". If a given cell is confidential for that variable (no matter if primary or secondary), the same cell will be suppressed for all the other available quantitative variables. Variables relating to e-commerce turnover are also checked individually, an pass their flags on to related qualitative variables as well.
Primary confidentiality rules a) Sensitivity rule: We apply the (n,k)-dominance rule, i.e. a cell is suppressed if n units separately or jointly dominate the total value of a cell by at least k% . b) Minimum frequency rule: For any cells that are left after applying the sensitivity rule, a minimum frequency is applied. A cell is suppressed if there are less than n units in a given cell.
Secondary confidentiality rules The secondary suppression is calculated by tau-Argus using the ‘Modular’ algorithm. Manual suppressions or cost adjustments are performed using the tau-Argus ‘apriori’ file facility. a) Secondary suppression within a table - A cell is suppressed for secondary confidentiality if n units dominate jointly or separately the confidential total value by at least k% ; - special attention is paid to the impact of singletons, a risk which is in most cases directly addressed by the tau-Argus Modular algorithm ; - tau-Argus is set to minimise the cost when determining the secondary suppressed cells. However, we also want to provide the user with useful data, whether it is in terms of interpretation and/or availability of time series. Consequently, the cost minimisation can be overridden for economic and/or historical reasons.
b) Secondary suppression due to linked tables disclosure risks - historical disclosure: in conformity with the SDC handbook, we ensure that no historical cell is compromised by disclosing the same cell for the current reference year. As long as there is any significant link with prior year data, a cell may not be disclosed for the current reference year. - Links to any other statistics: Turnover for the ICT survey is compared to the SBS preliminary series of the same reference year (e.g. T-1 for the survey carried out in year T).
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Not available. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Not available. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Not available. |
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Annual |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
National dissemination of results
None available at the time of this report.
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
National dissemination of results
Selected results will also appear in the annual statistical yearbook, “Luxembourg in figures” and in “Un portrait chiffré des entreprises au Luxembourg”.
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
See detailed section 10.3.1. |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Results for selected variables collected in the framework of this survey are available for all participating countries on Digital economy and society of Eurostat website. At national level :
Results will be published on https://statistiques.public.lu/fr/donnees/themes/entreprises/sciences-technologies.html
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not requested |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Not requested |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Not available |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Not requested |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Not available |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
The European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires. At national level : Not available. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
European level : At European level, the recommended use of the annual Eurostat model questionnaire aims at improving comparability of the results among the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Moreover, the Methodological Manual provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys. National level :
The online questionnaire was maintained as the main survey vehicle with no paper questionnaires sent out after the previous survey showed sharp increases in online response rates using this procedure. Alternatively, a PDF version of the questionnaire was available for downloaded and print out.
Experiences gained with past questionnaires as well as from other domains (R&D, CIS) helped to improve the quality of the online questionnaire while trying to reduce the response burden as much as possible.
The 2023 data collection is the tenthconsecutive edition completely managed in-house. This allows for a better overview of the status of the survey, the problems encountered by respondents, as well as an improved follow-up with 2 reminders, as well as a planned 3rd reminder to high-impact enterprises sent as a registered letter.
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
European level : At European level, European Commission users (e.g. DG CNECT, DG GROW, DG JUST, DG REGIO, DG JRC) are the principal users of the data on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises and contribute in identifying/defining the topics to be covered. Hence, main users are consulted regularly (at hearings, task forces, ad hoc meetings) for their needs and are involved in the process of the development of the model questionnaires at a very early stage. User needs are considered throughout the whole discussion process of the model questionnaires aiming at providing relevant statistical data for monitoring and benchmarking of European policies. National level : STATEC's research unit is routinely asked to provide feedback on new modules in the model questionnaire, as well as to indicate any variables used in research projects that might be missing from the model questionnaire. These additional variables, the pursued goal and their value-added are generally discussed between both units, in order to reach a consensus that allows to keep the questionnaire relatively short, while not unnecessarily reducing its usefulness to the research community. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
European level : At European level, contacts within the Commission, the OECD and other stakeholders give a clear picture about the key users' satisfaction as to the following data quality aspects: accuracy and reliability of results, timeliness, satisfactory accessibility, clarity and comparability over time and between countries, completeness and relevance. Overall users have evaluated positively (good, very good) the data quality on the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. National level : There is no survey led at the national level to assess the user's satisfaction on the data quality on the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Detailed information is available in “ Annex I _ Completeness “ excel file - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions. |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Not requested. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates). More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. _ Accuracy “ excel file - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag. |
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13.2. Sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For calculation of the standard error see 13.2.1.1. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard error (for selected indicators and breakdowns) Precision measures related to variability due to sampling, unit non-response (the size of the subset of respondents is smaller than the size of the original sample) and other (imputation for item non-response, calibration etc.) are not (yet) required from the Member states for all indicators. Eurostat will make basic assumptions to compute these measures for all indicators produced (e.g. stratified random sampling assuming as strata the crossing of the variables “Number of employees and self-employed persons” and “Economic Activity” as it was defined in the 3 tables of section 18.1). More detailed information is available in“ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file – worksheets starting with “Standard error". |
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13.2.1.1. Sampling error indicator calculation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calculation of the standard error Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
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13.3. Non-sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See detailed sections below. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See concept 18.1.1. A) Description of frame population. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0.4% |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No measurement errors detected. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See detailed sections below. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See detailed sub-concepts below. |
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13.3.3.1.1. Unit response | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table contains the number of units (i.e. enterprises), by type of response to the survey and by the percentage of these values in relation to the gross sample size.
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13.3.3.1.2. Methods used for minimizing unit non-response | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In order to reduce the non-response, 3 reminders are sent (with a registered letter to high-impact enterprises, on the 3rd reminder). |
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13.3.3.1.3. Methods used for unit non-response treatment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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13.3.3.1.4. Assessment of unit non-response bias | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not available |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There are no questions with response rates lower than 90%. |
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13.3.3.2.1. Methods used for item non-response treatment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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13.3.3.2.2. Questions or items with item response rates below 90% and other comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comments relating to the item non-response
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13.3.4. Processing error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No processing errors were detected. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
See detailed section below. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
European level : Data are to be delivered to Eurostat in the fourth quarter of the reference year (due date for the finalised dataset is 5th October). European results are released before the end of the survey year or in the beginning of the year following the survey year (T=reference year, T+0 for indicators referring to the current year, T+12 months for other indicators referring to the previous year e.g. e-commerce). At national level : A first complete set of data has been sent to Eurostat on 05/10/2023. Final data, including a complete SDC pattern, has been sent to Eurostat on 27/10/2023. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
See detailed section below. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
A first complete set of data has been sent to Eurostat on 05/10/2023. Final data, including a complete SDC pattern, has been sent to Eurostat on 27/10/2023. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data. Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I _ Completeness “ excel file - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
See section below. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and the variable considered within each survey module. Additional information is available in annexes attached to the European metadata. No methodological changes occurred compared to the 2022 survey. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Not applicable |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
Not applicable |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Not applicable |
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Restricted from publication |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Currently, no revision of the ICT data is foreseen. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
ICT data are currently not revised. |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not requested |
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18.1. Source data | ||||||||||
A) Frame population description and distribution For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method Description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE Rev. 2 categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata:
This section includes a description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata.
The method used for sampling was a stratified random sample, with varying sampling rates depending on size class:
C) Gross sample distribution More detailed information is available in “ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution More detailed information is available in “ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE) |
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18.1.1. Population frame | ||||||||||
A) Description of frame population
B) Frame population distribution More detailed information is available in “ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file (Worksheet: FRAME POPULATION) |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||
Annual |
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18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||
See detailed sections below. |
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18.3.1. Survey period | ||||||||||
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18.3.2. Survey vehicle – general survey | ||||||||||
General survey - Stand-alone survey | ||||||||||
18.3.3. Survey vehicle – micro-enterprises | ||||||||||
The collection of micro-enterprises was integrated with the general survey | ||||||||||
18.3.4. Survey type | ||||||||||
Possibility for respondents to choose between an online questionnaire or printing out and filling in a PDF version of the questionnaire. |
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18.3.5. Survey participation | ||||||||||
Mandatory | ||||||||||
18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||
Data has been validated by server-based EDIT validation.
Additional checks are performed on the microdata and aggregated levels.
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18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||
Grossing-up procedures
To treat non-response, the initial sampling weight is first adjusted using the response rate for each stratum. Strata are defined by crossing the following size classes and NACE groupings.
In order to obtain reliable results for quantitative variables (that are in line with SBS totals) the corrected weights are calibrated using to the number of units, the total turnover and the total employment per stratum as auxiliary information.
Calibration is carried out in R, using the “calib” method of the “sampling” package with a “logit” distance function.
Please note that due to the small number of observations leading to co-linearity problems, some strata cannot be calibrated over all size classes. For these strata, several size classes were combined.
The strata used for calibration consist of the strata listed in 13.2.1.1. (e).
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | ||||||||||
The imputation rate ranges from 0,05% to 1.50% depending on the question. |
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18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||
Not applicable |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | ||||||||||
Not applicable |
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Problems encountered and lessons to be learnt: |
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19.1. Documents | ||||||||||
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Annex I._Completeness 2023 Annex II._ Accuracy 2023 Sample and standard error tables 2023 Annex I Annex III Questionnaire DE Questionnaire EN Questionnaire FR Accuracy QR Sample and standard errors QR |