Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).
2.3. Coverage - sector
Education, number of students, teachers and spending.
2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Age, type of institution, grade, level of education.
2.5. Statistical unit
Children in early childhood education and care, students, teachers, school management personnel, education expenditure.
2.6. Statistical population
Children, students, personnel and expenditure within the Swedish educational system.
2.7. Reference area
Sweden.
2.8. Coverage - Time
School year 2021/2022.
2.9. Base period
Not available.
3.1. Source data
Enrolment (national and regional level) The data on enrolments are collected from sources of which the Swedish National Agency for Education for ISCED 0-3, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education for ISCED 4-5 and the Swedish Higher Education Authority for ISCED 5-6 are responsible. See Annex 2 - ISCED Mapping for schoolyear 2021/2022 – Sweden for type of source (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) and detailed variables.
Entrants The data on entrants are collected from the Swedish National Agency for Education for ISCED 0-3, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education for ISCED 4-5 and the Swedish Higher Education Authority for ISCED 5-6.
Personnel The data on personnel are collected from the Swedish National Agency for Education and the Swedish Higher Education Authority.
Foreign languages learning The data on foreign languages learning are collected from the pupils register of which the Swedish National Agency for Education is responsible.
Graduates The data on graduates are collected from pupils registers of which the Swedish National Agency for Education, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education and the Swedish Higher Education Authority are responsible.
Finance The data on Education Expenditure are compiled from several registers, surveys and administrative sources of which the Swedish National Agency for Education, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education, the Swedish Higher Education Authority, the Swedish Board of Student Finance, Municipalities´ accounts and the Sweden´s municipalities and county councils are responsible.
3.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
3.3. Data collection
Information on number of children in early childhood education and care, students and teachers is gathered through online surveys and exports of administrative data. Information on expenditure is collected from administrative registers.
3.4. Data validation
Data are validated through automatic control functions in the data collection system and also manually revised by experts.
3.5. Data compilation
Operations performed on data to derive new information according to a given set of rules
Weighting methods Typically the number of students is used as base for estimations of costs and number of staff members per student. True distribution according to source registers are used for differing theoretical ages. Depending on school form the number of credits, points, weeks, days or hours are used as conversion factors from part-time to full-time equivalent (FTE) data.
Estimations methods used in the UOE questionnaires Mainly redistribution proportionally by number of students at each level or school form. For instance:
Personell and finance in preprimary are distributed proportionally by the number of children in ISCED 01 and ISCED 02.
The distribution of teachers ISCED 3 on General and Vocational is proportional to the number of students in each school form.
3.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
4.1. Quality assurance
There are built-in controls in the system to prevent logical errors. Schools get feedback in order to correct errors before publishing.
4.2. Quality management - assessment
The statistics are based on education census where each register is considered to be of good quality with no known errors.
5.1. Relevance - User Needs
The most important users are the Swedish National Agency for Education (National Monitoring System and Official Statistics), Forecasting Institute of Statistics Sweden, Ministry of Education, Swedish Higher Education Authority, school units, municipalities and other school heads, companies, researchers and media.
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
The user council of the Swedish official statistics of population, demography and education has influence on the relevance of education statistics in general.
5.3. Completeness
Graduates There is no graduation in the system for adult education. At ISCED 8 there is an intermediate licentiate degree after two years. These are included in graduates and educational attainment. Their share of ISCED 8 graduates is about 14 % for the academic year 2021/22. Homecoming nationals are not included (as reqested in UOE manual). They can not be distinguished in our definition of mobile students. The possibility has been investigated again 2023 without any solution found. (They are also very few).
Vocational training Vocational and technical training programs in enterprises are included in the UOE data collection and the school based component is assessed through the design of program and requirement for funding.
Programs shorter than one semester (or Implementation of the semester rule) Programs of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally, exist and their duration (shorter than one semester) is known. For tertiary education, courses shorter than one semester are included and assumed to be part of a longer program. For ISCED 4, programs shorter than 18 weeks are excluded.
Early childhood education programs Early childhood educational development programs (ISCED2011 level 01) exist in Sweden and these pre-school programs are included in the UOE data collection. The alternative to pre-school is pedagogical care (daycare providers and parent cooperative) which is not part of the school system and is not governed by any curriculum. Home-based programs are not covered at ISCED 0-Early childhood education and are excluded from the UOE data collection.
Special education needs (SNE) programs Students in special need education programs are included in the data provided on enrolments, entrants, graduates and regional data.
Adult education programs and "continuing education"
Adult education programs are included in the data (except graduates) and the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education does fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual. Programs classified as "non-formal” are excluded from the data.
Students enrolled in educational institutions organized by ministries other than ministry of education Does not exist.
Distance learning / e-learning programs Distance learning programs data are reported in the UOE questionnaires. However, national distance learners in programs organised by institutions outside Sweden are excluded.
Students participating in exchange programs (credit mobile students) Students in short term postings (i.e. exchange programs (credit mobility)) are excluded from the population of students in the data collection. Except in the CREDMOB tables.
Foreign languages learning Students with SNE (Special Needs Education) enrolled in special schools are excluded from the data on foreign languages. For students in initial upper secondary education (gymnasieskolan) data on languages is available for students graduating with a degree or final grade or with a leaving certificate of 2500 points (studiebevis). Students who did not manage to get an exam or leaving certificate are excluded.
Orientation of program in tertiary education Advanced vocational programs at ISCED 5 are coded as vocational. Programs in universities are coded as "general" for ISCED 5 and "Unspecified" for levels 6-7.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not available.
6.1. Accuracy - overall
The overall assessment is that the statistics published are of good quality with no known errors.
6.2. Sampling error
The statistics are based on education census and are therefore not affected by any selection uncertainty.
6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
6.3. Non-sampling error
See below.
6.3.1. Coverage error
Programs of shorter duration than one semester
Programs of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally, exist and their duration (shorter than one semester) is known. For tertiary education, courses shorter than one term are included and assumed to be part of a longer program. For ISCED 4, programs shorter than 18 weeks are excluded.
Domestic educational activities Not all of Sweden’s domestic educational activities are reported in the UOE data collection. It depends if Swedish schools abroad should be regarded as "domestic education". There are schools abroad providing formal regular education in ISCED 02, 1, 2 and 3. These are not included in the UOE data collection.
Enrolments Students in ISCED 6 and 7 are not classified by orientation (academic/vocational). All are reported as "unspecified". Homecoming students are not included in ENRL 5 and ENRL 6 (as requested in UOE manual). They can not be distinguished, in our definition of mobile students. New investigation done 2023 but with no success. (They are also very few).
Entrants All entrants to individually designed module programs (a set of free-standing courses) in higher education are coded as entrants to ISCED 6.
Foreign languages learning At ISCED 3 data are available only for the last year of the program. The adult education system is not included. It is not possible to report languages by age, for ISCED 1, 2 or 3. Data about subjects studied are collected only after the last year in the program. Including data about language courses in the adult education system would result in a mix that wouldn't make any sense in analysis. Graduates from IB colleges are excluded since no data are available.
Personnel Data on personnel for Advanced Vocational Training (YH), Folk High School (Folkhögskola) or for Arts and Cultures Courses (KKV) are not available. For ISCED 0 the distinction between different personnel categories (teachers, teacher aides) is classified by educational attainment. Only personnel with a degree from a pre-school teacher program are classified as teachers, all other personnel is classified as teacher aides. For pre-school classes (ISCED 0), management personnel is included in ISCED 1.
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
6.3.2. Measurement error
Class size is a freetext variable in our national data collection and the quality is not guaranteed. Since class size is administrative data there is no guarantee it matches the actual number of students in the class room. The administrative data on class size is probably over-estimated compared to actual real class size.
6.3.3. Non response error
In some of the surveys that constitute the basis for statistics, units might be missing.
School units report students without a Swedish social security number or with protected identity by creating a temporary social security number not found elsewhere.This means that background variables such as country of birth, residence, first immigration date and education level are missing for these students.
None of these errors are considered to significantly affect the reliability of official statistics.
6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
6.3.4. Processing error
There is no indication that there are any errors from the processing phase that can significally affect the statistics.
6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
6.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
6.4. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
6.5. Data revision - policy
Not available.
6.6. Data revision - practice
Not available
6.6.1. Data revision - average size
Not available.
7.1. Timeliness
Information related to the latest reference year (academic year t/t+1, or financial year t)
Enrolment in higher education Data collection start date: 1 February year t+1 (ref autumn term year t); 15 August year t+1 (ref spring term year t+1); Data collection end date: The source is administrative registers, continuously updated, therefore no real end date; Dissemination/publication in your country: October year t+1 (ref academic year t/t+1); Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Start date could be earlier for certain institutions.
Graduates from higher education Data collection start date: 15 February year t+1 (ref autumn term year t); 15 September year t+1 (ref spring term year t+1); Data collection end date: The source is administrative registers, continuously updated, therefore no real end date; Dissemination/publication in your country: November year t+1 (ref academic year t/t+1); Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Start date could be earlier for certain institutions.
Personnel higher education Data collection start date: September year t (ref October year t); Data collection end date: February year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: March year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: April year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: April year t+1.
Expenditure higher education Data collection start date: November year t (ref financial year t); Data collection end date: February year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: March year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: April year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: April year t+1; Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Statistics produced by the Swedish Higher Education Authority.
Enrolment and personnel ISCED 0-2 Data collection start date: October year t (ref 15 October year t); Data collection end date: January year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: February year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: March year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: March/April year t+1.
Enrolment and personnel ISCED 3-4 Data collection start date: In early November year t, the CSN (Authority for student aid) provides a record of all students enrolled in secondary school by October 15; Data collection end date: There is no data collection period; the register is continuously updated; Post-collection phase start date: November year t; Post-collection phase end date: December year t; Dissemination/publication in your country: March year t+1.
Educational expenditure ISCED 0-4 Data collection start date: March year t+1 (ref financial year t); Data collection end date: May year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: June year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: August year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: September year t+1.
Secondary education for adults Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Avaliable information on whether the student has been enrolled at some point during the year.
7.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not available.
7.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not available.
7.2. Punctuality
See below.
7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Submission dates for the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Deadline for transmission of data: 30 September t+2 Enrolments: 30 September of t+2; Entrants: 30 September of t+2; Personnel: 30 September of t+2; Foreign languages learning: 30 September of t+2; Regional enrolments: 30 September of t+2; Class: 30 September of t+2.
Deadline for transmission of data: 30 November of t+2 Graduates: 30 November of t+2; Education expenditure: 30 November of t+2; Credit mobility: 30 November of t+2.
8.1. Comparability - geographical
Different periods of reference
Swedish for immigrants and primary and secondary adult education (komvux) are reported per calendar year. All other programs by school/academic year.
Foreign languages learning For students in initial upper secondary education (gymnasieskolan) data for students graduating with a degree (or leaving certificate / studiebevis) are reported. Those who didn´t graduate are excluded; no language data.
Finance Expenditure for teaching/academic hospitals are not covered. Expenditure at the pre-primary level: the childcare component is integrated and included. Cost of a dual-system programme to the employer.: No, only the subsidy from the authorities is reported. Expenditure for contributions on pension schemes: Reported by the employer. Private pensions out of scope as included in salary cost. Households' payments for private tutoring is not covered (not common). Student living costs: Student loans typically cover their living costs.
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
8.2. Comparability - over time
Enrolments
The Swedish UOE data collection has been changed in methodology from UOE 2020 (18/19) for the questionnaires of ENRL, REGIO, ENTR, GRAD and LANG, which affects different measures and ISCED levels in different ways. The measures of number of full-time and part-time students has been pro-rated in a more accurate way.
From UOE 2022 (20/21), all students in upper secondary vocational education is classified at level 354 (instead of 353). This is because all graduates from upper secondary school have acces to at least some programmes at ISCED 5.
Students (ISCED 1 and 2) in confessional schools have up til UOE 2015 been reported under public. From UOE 2016 confessional schools are reported as private.
UOE 2016 was the last time we reported Supplementary education programs for adults (KU). These pgms were at ISCED 4 and had about 5 000 students enrolled school year 14/15 and 0 students in 15/16. The programs are replaced by "Arts and Cultural Education" in UOE 2018. In UOE 2014, students in introductory pgms (ISCED 3) were reported as "partial completion" of ISCED 3. In UOE 2015 and onwards they have instead been moved to the category "insufficient for level completion". In addition, students in introductory/preparatory programmes were previously all reported as "vocational". In UOE 2016 and onwards some are reported as "general"; this concerns for instance language introduction for immigrant students.
Personnel
For ISCED 0 the distinction between different personnel categories (teachers, teacher aides) is classified by educational attainment from UOE 2020 (18/19). Only personnel with a degree from a pre-school teacher program (ISCED 6) are classified as teachers, all other personnel is classified as teacher aides. In previous years no distinction was made between teachers and teachers aides, all reported as teachers. Personnel data for ISCED 0 is from UOE 2016 available by age and full/part time (which was not the case in previous years). For ISCED 1 and above, there is a change in the national data collection/definition of "other pedagogic personnell", resulting in higher numbers of teching aids from UOE 2015 and forward.
Foreign languages learning
ISCED 3 See change under Graduates. The population in the language tables corresponds to those graduating. Students who did not manage to get an exam or leaving certifiacte ("studiebevis") are excluded. Before UOE 2015, the number of students in grades 1-3 studying English has been based on an estimate from 2004. From UOE 2015, we have been able to update the estimate, using figures from 2013. The number of students in ISCED1 and ISCED2 studying “Other modern languages” also differ from UOE 2015 and onwards. This is due to miscalculations in previous years where “other alternatives to foreign languages” (such as native language) has been added to the sum.
Graduates
The Swedish UOE data collection has been changed in methodology from UOE 2020 (18/19).Graduates are counted in the same way as previous years but checks between all school forms within each ISCED level are introduced, not only tertiary.
From the introduction of the new upper secondary reform (GY11) in reference year 13/14, there is a graduation (examen) from upper secondary. Previously, those with a "final grade" were regarded sa "graduates". In the new system, it's more difficult to "graduate" and the numbers have gone down. Further, graduates include (a) those with exam and (b) those with leaving certificate of at least 2500 credits (studiebevis). The latter group is regarded as "partial completion".
Education expenditure
Improvements in reporting quality have been made in 2017 and onwards. The coding process in the FIN questionnaire has been reviewed and improved. Distribution at central, regional and local level i FIN1-SOURCE. Expenditure have previous years been reported at Central level (C1, C1 and C5a). Following the recommendations of the Compliance Reports from Eurostat, from UOE 2017 we report all exp at ISCED 0-3 on Local level, rows L1, L2 and L5a. For ISCED 5-8 the main part of the (non-central government) funding comes from regional government. Previously, we have reported all funding at regional level and indicated that data for local level were included in regional level. From UOE 2017 we have split between regional and local funding by making estimations for the local level. The method for evaluating the student’s enrolments has been changed. In UOE 2018 each semester is calculated separately and then added together to a calendar year, resulting in a more complete picture of their studies. This results in a higher number of full-time equivalents than previously, which is more accurate. The method for dividing the costs into General / Vocational for upper secondary school (ISCED 3) has been changed. The new model provides a significantly lower proportion of costs allocated to Vocational education ISCED 3, than in previous years' international reporting and accounting. This results in a trend break.
New school forms in UOE 2018
Two new school forms was added in the UOE 2018. Students in Folk high school (Folkhögskola) are added in enrolments, entrants and regional enrolment questionnaires. Students in Arts and Culture courses (Konst och kultur) are added in enrolments, entrants, regional enrolments and graduates questionnaires.
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not available.
8.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not available.
8.5. Coherence - National Accounts
Efforts have been made in order to better aligne with the National accounts.
8.6. Coherence - internal
Not available.
9.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not available.
9.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not available.
9.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not available.
9.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not available.
9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not available.
9.5. Dissemination format - other
Not available.
9.6. Documentation on methodology
Not available.
9.7. Quality management - documentation
Not available.
9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not available.
9.7.2. Metadata - consultations
Not available.
Approximation: 30 days of supervising, coordinating and summing up the various collections from different school forms, including respodning to follow up questions from UOE team and making corrections. In addition the work of 10 colleagues collecting/filling in forms for different school forms. In total 80 working days. Developments and adaptations of dataprocessing routines are made to meet UOE requirements.
11.1. Confidentiality - policy
Not available.
11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Not available.
The Swedish definition of mobile students will remain the same as previous years. It has earlier been agreed by Eurostat and OECD that the Swedish national definition is better suited to identify mobile students than using the country of upper secondary diploma.
International students are defined as students who have a student residence permit or are either non-residents or have moved to Sweden not more than six months before starting their studies. For students at ISCED 8 the time limit is 24 months. Students with student residence permit are reported by country of citizenship while other students are reported by country of birth. Exchange students are not included in the definition above. Homecoming nationals are reported as national students.
The main difference compared to classifying all students with a foreign upper secondary diploma as mobile is that Sweden can exclude immigrants who have immigrated for other reasons than studying in higher education, who later start studying in higher education. This means that Sweden can better meet the requirement in the definition that a mobile student should have crossed the border with the objective of studying than would have been the case if the criterion had only been having a foreign upper secondary diploma.
Age, type of institution, grade, level of education.
Children in early childhood education and care, students, teachers, school management personnel, education expenditure.
Children, students, personnel and expenditure within the Swedish educational system.
Sweden.
Not Applicable
The overall assessment is that the statistics published are of good quality with no known errors.
Not Applicable
Operations performed on data to derive new information according to a given set of rules
Weighting methods Typically the number of students is used as base for estimations of costs and number of staff members per student. True distribution according to source registers are used for differing theoretical ages. Depending on school form the number of credits, points, weeks, days or hours are used as conversion factors from part-time to full-time equivalent (FTE) data.
Estimations methods used in the UOE questionnaires Mainly redistribution proportionally by number of students at each level or school form. For instance:
Personell and finance in preprimary are distributed proportionally by the number of children in ISCED 01 and ISCED 02.
The distribution of teachers ISCED 3 on General and Vocational is proportional to the number of students in each school form.
Enrolment (national and regional level) The data on enrolments are collected from sources of which the Swedish National Agency for Education for ISCED 0-3, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education for ISCED 4-5 and the Swedish Higher Education Authority for ISCED 5-6 are responsible. See Annex 2 - ISCED Mapping for schoolyear 2021/2022 – Sweden for type of source (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) and detailed variables.
Entrants The data on entrants are collected from the Swedish National Agency for Education for ISCED 0-3, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education for ISCED 4-5 and the Swedish Higher Education Authority for ISCED 5-6.
Personnel The data on personnel are collected from the Swedish National Agency for Education and the Swedish Higher Education Authority.
Foreign languages learning The data on foreign languages learning are collected from the pupils register of which the Swedish National Agency for Education is responsible.
Graduates The data on graduates are collected from pupils registers of which the Swedish National Agency for Education, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education and the Swedish Higher Education Authority are responsible.
Finance The data on Education Expenditure are compiled from several registers, surveys and administrative sources of which the Swedish National Agency for Education, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Vocational Education, the Swedish Higher Education Authority, the Swedish Board of Student Finance, Municipalities´ accounts and the Sweden´s municipalities and county councils are responsible.
Not Applicable
Information related to the latest reference year (academic year t/t+1, or financial year t)
Enrolment in higher education Data collection start date: 1 February year t+1 (ref autumn term year t); 15 August year t+1 (ref spring term year t+1); Data collection end date: The source is administrative registers, continuously updated, therefore no real end date; Dissemination/publication in your country: October year t+1 (ref academic year t/t+1); Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Start date could be earlier for certain institutions.
Graduates from higher education Data collection start date: 15 February year t+1 (ref autumn term year t); 15 September year t+1 (ref spring term year t+1); Data collection end date: The source is administrative registers, continuously updated, therefore no real end date; Dissemination/publication in your country: November year t+1 (ref academic year t/t+1); Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Start date could be earlier for certain institutions.
Personnel higher education Data collection start date: September year t (ref October year t); Data collection end date: February year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: March year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: April year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: April year t+1.
Expenditure higher education Data collection start date: November year t (ref financial year t); Data collection end date: February year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: March year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: April year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: April year t+1; Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Statistics produced by the Swedish Higher Education Authority.
Enrolment and personnel ISCED 0-2 Data collection start date: October year t (ref 15 October year t); Data collection end date: January year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: February year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: March year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: March/April year t+1.
Enrolment and personnel ISCED 3-4 Data collection start date: In early November year t, the CSN (Authority for student aid) provides a record of all students enrolled in secondary school by October 15; Data collection end date: There is no data collection period; the register is continuously updated; Post-collection phase start date: November year t; Post-collection phase end date: December year t; Dissemination/publication in your country: March year t+1.
Educational expenditure ISCED 0-4 Data collection start date: March year t+1 (ref financial year t); Data collection end date: May year t+1; Post-collection phase start date: June year t+1; Post-collection phase end date: August year t+1; Dissemination/publication in your country: September year t+1.
Secondary education for adults Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness: Avaliable information on whether the student has been enrolled at some point during the year.
Different periods of reference
Swedish for immigrants and primary and secondary adult education (komvux) are reported per calendar year. All other programs by school/academic year.
Foreign languages learning For students in initial upper secondary education (gymnasieskolan) data for students graduating with a degree (or leaving certificate / studiebevis) are reported. Those who didn´t graduate are excluded; no language data.
Finance Expenditure for teaching/academic hospitals are not covered. Expenditure at the pre-primary level: the childcare component is integrated and included. Cost of a dual-system programme to the employer.: No, only the subsidy from the authorities is reported. Expenditure for contributions on pension schemes: Reported by the employer. Private pensions out of scope as included in salary cost. Households' payments for private tutoring is not covered (not common). Student living costs: Student loans typically cover their living costs.
Enrolments
The Swedish UOE data collection has been changed in methodology from UOE 2020 (18/19) for the questionnaires of ENRL, REGIO, ENTR, GRAD and LANG, which affects different measures and ISCED levels in different ways. The measures of number of full-time and part-time students has been pro-rated in a more accurate way.
From UOE 2022 (20/21), all students in upper secondary vocational education is classified at level 354 (instead of 353). This is because all graduates from upper secondary school have acces to at least some programmes at ISCED 5.
Students (ISCED 1 and 2) in confessional schools have up til UOE 2015 been reported under public. From UOE 2016 confessional schools are reported as private.
UOE 2016 was the last time we reported Supplementary education programs for adults (KU). These pgms were at ISCED 4 and had about 5 000 students enrolled school year 14/15 and 0 students in 15/16. The programs are replaced by "Arts and Cultural Education" in UOE 2018. In UOE 2014, students in introductory pgms (ISCED 3) were reported as "partial completion" of ISCED 3. In UOE 2015 and onwards they have instead been moved to the category "insufficient for level completion". In addition, students in introductory/preparatory programmes were previously all reported as "vocational". In UOE 2016 and onwards some are reported as "general"; this concerns for instance language introduction for immigrant students.
Personnel
For ISCED 0 the distinction between different personnel categories (teachers, teacher aides) is classified by educational attainment from UOE 2020 (18/19). Only personnel with a degree from a pre-school teacher program (ISCED 6) are classified as teachers, all other personnel is classified as teacher aides. In previous years no distinction was made between teachers and teachers aides, all reported as teachers. Personnel data for ISCED 0 is from UOE 2016 available by age and full/part time (which was not the case in previous years). For ISCED 1 and above, there is a change in the national data collection/definition of "other pedagogic personnell", resulting in higher numbers of teching aids from UOE 2015 and forward.
Foreign languages learning
ISCED 3 See change under Graduates. The population in the language tables corresponds to those graduating. Students who did not manage to get an exam or leaving certifiacte ("studiebevis") are excluded. Before UOE 2015, the number of students in grades 1-3 studying English has been based on an estimate from 2004. From UOE 2015, we have been able to update the estimate, using figures from 2013. The number of students in ISCED1 and ISCED2 studying “Other modern languages” also differ from UOE 2015 and onwards. This is due to miscalculations in previous years where “other alternatives to foreign languages” (such as native language) has been added to the sum.
Graduates
The Swedish UOE data collection has been changed in methodology from UOE 2020 (18/19).Graduates are counted in the same way as previous years but checks between all school forms within each ISCED level are introduced, not only tertiary.
From the introduction of the new upper secondary reform (GY11) in reference year 13/14, there is a graduation (examen) from upper secondary. Previously, those with a "final grade" were regarded sa "graduates". In the new system, it's more difficult to "graduate" and the numbers have gone down. Further, graduates include (a) those with exam and (b) those with leaving certificate of at least 2500 credits (studiebevis). The latter group is regarded as "partial completion".
Education expenditure
Improvements in reporting quality have been made in 2017 and onwards. The coding process in the FIN questionnaire has been reviewed and improved. Distribution at central, regional and local level i FIN1-SOURCE. Expenditure have previous years been reported at Central level (C1, C1 and C5a). Following the recommendations of the Compliance Reports from Eurostat, from UOE 2017 we report all exp at ISCED 0-3 on Local level, rows L1, L2 and L5a. For ISCED 5-8 the main part of the (non-central government) funding comes from regional government. Previously, we have reported all funding at regional level and indicated that data for local level were included in regional level. From UOE 2017 we have split between regional and local funding by making estimations for the local level. The method for evaluating the student’s enrolments has been changed. In UOE 2018 each semester is calculated separately and then added together to a calendar year, resulting in a more complete picture of their studies. This results in a higher number of full-time equivalents than previously, which is more accurate. The method for dividing the costs into General / Vocational for upper secondary school (ISCED 3) has been changed. The new model provides a significantly lower proportion of costs allocated to Vocational education ISCED 3, than in previous years' international reporting and accounting. This results in a trend break.
New school forms in UOE 2018
Two new school forms was added in the UOE 2018. Students in Folk high school (Folkhögskola) are added in enrolments, entrants and regional enrolment questionnaires. Students in Arts and Culture courses (Konst och kultur) are added in enrolments, entrants, regional enrolments and graduates questionnaires.
