Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Eurostat (Statistical office of the European Union)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Unit E.1: Agriculture and fisheries
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
European Commission, Eurostat L-2920 Luxembourg
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Data description
Milk and milk product statistics are collected under Decision 97/80/EC implementing Directive 96/16/EC. They cover milk collected (cow's milk) and products obtained by dairies (monthly, table A), annual production and utilization of milk (all milk) in dairies (annual, tables B and H), statistics on the structure of dairies (every third year, tables D, E, F, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5) and annual production and utilization of milk (all milk) on farms (tables C and I). An annual methodological report is also collected.
European Economic Area countries (EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) are requested to provide milk statistics, with the exception of those related to home consumption, as stated in Annex XXI of the EEA Agreement. Liechtenstein is nevertheless exempted from providing these statistics.
The Agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on cooperation in the field of statistics states that Switzerland must provide Eurostat with national milk statistics.
The same statistics are requested from the candidate and potential candidate countries as acquis communautaire.
For the countries ME, MK, XK, NO and BA the information displayed in this EU quality report is the information available from previous years.
Table 2.1.1: Changes in the methodological information since last year’s questionnaire
Question: Changes in the methodological information since last year’s questionnaire?
Answer
MSs
% MSs
List of countries (MS)
List of other countries
Yes
6
22.22 %
HR, LT, LU, HU, SI, SK,
No
21
77.78 %
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, LV, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, FI, SE,
CH, IS, AL, ME, RS, TR,
No answer (NA)
0
0.00 %
-
NO, BA, MK, XK,
2.2. Classification system
The list of items and their definitions are laid down in the Decision 97/80/EC : Annex I list of milk products and explanatory notes, Annex II list of tables and explanatory notes.
Regional data: The territorial classification of regional data is broken down according to the NUTS classification for Member States.
2.3. Coverage - sector
Statistics on farm production and utilisation of milk on farms cover the agricultural holdings producing milk in Member States.
Milk statistics from dairy enterprises cover the EU plants whose activity is milk collection and milk product production. The sample surveys must cover exhaustively dairies representing 95 % of the cows’ milk collected by Member States, the balance being represented by sampling or other sources.
2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Milk statistics (annual) in dairy enterprises are led by the concept of ‘national dairy’, i.e. the dairy sector is considered as a single process, which internal flows are not (intended to be) taken into account.
Use of raw milk is followed through production of its two main components, fat and protein content. Milk processed is thus accounted for as an aggregate of UWM (utilised whole milk, with the full of fat and protein content) and USM (utilised skimmed milk, with the full protein content but without fat). A process can produce skimmed milk further to the main (fat) product and, in such a case, USM can be negative. This is especially the case for cream and butter production.
Reference year: 2023
TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Further information (Referring to the part 3 of the milk questionnaire)
Part A) AVAILABLE RESOURCES
A.1 Imports of milk, cream and other milk products
Table 2.4.1.1: A.1 Imports of milk, cream and other products
Question: Are there purchases of raw milk by diaries from approved purchasers located in another country?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
62.96%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, ES, HR, IT, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, AT, RO, SI
CH, BA, ME, RS
No
10
37.04%
DK, EL, FR, CY, MT, PL, PT, SK, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
Question: If Yes, are these purchases entered on the accounts with imports? (Table B, column B)?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
62.96%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, ES, HR, IT, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, AT, RO, SI
CH, BA, ME, RS
No
1
3.70%
MT
IS
No answer
9
33.33%
DK, EL, FR, CY, MT, PL, PT, SK, FI, SE
NO, AL, MK, TR, XK
Question: How do you deal with deliveries of intermediate products from a plant in one country to another plant in a different country but belonging to the same enterprise?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
They are included in the external trade data
10
31.25%
CZ, DK, EE, IE, ES, FR, HR, LU,SI, SE
NO, RS
They are included in enterprises’ deliveries
8
25%
BG, IT, LV, AT, PL, CZ, RO
ME
They are included in the external trade data/ They are included in enterprises’ deliveries/ Other
1
3.13%
CZ
They are included in enterprises’ deliveries/Other
1
3.13%
NL
Other, specify
7
21.88%
BE, CZ, DE, CY, LT, NL, FI
IS, AL
Not applicable
0
0%
No answer
5
15.63%
EL, HU, MT, PT, SK
CH, BA, MK, TR, XK
Part B) USE (manufactured products)
Table 2.4.2.1: B.1 Main products (column 1 in the table B)
Question: Are there any links between the milk statistics surveys and the Prodcom surveys? (Council Regulation EEC N° 3924/94 of 19 December 1991 on the establishment of a Community survey of industrial production OJ L374, 31 Decembre 1991, p.1.)?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
9
33.33%
BG, EE, IE, FR, LT, PT, RO, SK, FI
RS
No
18
66.67%
BE, CZ, DK, DE, EL, ES, HR, IT, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, SI, SE
CH, IS, NO, BA, ME, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
AL, MK, XK
Question: If Yes, are both surveys managed by the same body?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
6
22.22%
BG, EE, IE, FR, PT, RO
RS
No
4
14.81%
BE, LT, SK, FI
-
No answer
17
62.96%
CZ, DK, DE, EL, ES, HR, IT, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, SI, SE
CH, IS, NO, AL, BA, MK, ME, TR, XK
Table 2.4.2.3: B.2 Double counting
B.2.1 In dairies
Question: To avoid double counting, on which variables does the survey focus?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
MSs
Percentage MS
List
List
on products received, before processing (RECEIPT of products)
12
8
29.63%
BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, CY, MT, AT, RO, SK, SE
CH, IS, TR
on processed products (DELIVERY of production)
19
15
55.56%
CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, HR, IT, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, FI, SE
AL, BA, ME, RS
On products received, before processing (RECEIPT of products) + On processed products (DELIVERY of production)
4
4
14.81%
ES, IT, RO, SE
-
Other (Based on use of register.)
-
-
-
-
No answer
0
-
0.00%
-
NO, MK, XK
B.2.2 Cheese – processed cheese
Question: Do you conduct a specific survey covering the raw materials used to make processed cheese? (cheese, butter, cream, other milk products)?
Question: Are these raw materials deducted from or included in the data in column 1 of Table B?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Deducted
11
40.74%
BE, BG, DE, ES, LV, LT, HU, AT, PT, SI, SK
AL, BA, RS
Included
11
40.74%
CZ, EE, FR, HR, IT, MT, NL, PL, RO, FI, SE
NO, ME, TR
No answer
5
18.52%
DK, IE, EL, CY, LU
CH, IS, MK, TR, XK
Table 2.4.2.5: B.4 Calculation of fat inputs
Question: How are the fat inputs in Table B calculated?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
as INPUT (i.e. on the basis of the raw materials used in manufacturing)
6
22.22%
CZ, NL, AT, PL, RO, FI
AL, ME
as OUTPUT (i.e. on the basis of the finished product)
14
51.85%
BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, LV, LU, HU, MT, PT, SI, SK
CH, IS, RS
as INPUT and as OUTPUT
7
25.93%
BG, DK, IE, IT, CY, LT, SE
NO, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
Table 2.4.2.7: B.5 Proteins (Table H) - What is your method of measuring or estimating proteins?
Question: What is your method of measuring or estimating proteins?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
as INPUT (i.e. on the basis of the raw materials used in manufacturing)
8
29.63%
CZ, DK, NL, AT, PT, FI, LT, SE
NO, AL, ME
as OUTPUT (i.e. on the basis of the finished product)
14
51.85%
BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, RO, SI
CH, IS, RS
as INPUT (i.e. on the basis of the raw materials used in manufacturing) + as OUTPUT (i.e. on the basis of the finished product)
5
18.52%
BG, IE, IT, PL, SK
BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLE C (Farms annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
B) Agricultural holdings (farms)
Table 2.4.3.1: B.6 Cows' milk
Question: Excluding milk directly suckled by calves, is all the milk from milking (including colostrum) that is used as animal feed (in buckets or by other means) included in the sum of available milk?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
24
88.89%
BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE
NO, AL, BA, ME, RS
No
3
11.11%
BE, CZ, DK
CH, IS
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, TR, XK
Regional data
Region means a sub-division of a Member State territory. 'Region' refers to NUTS 2 for milk production (farms), the NUTS reference being the version applicable on the date of data transmission.
2.5. Statistical unit
Dairy enterprises are undertakings of two types:
• Collection centres collect milk or cream and transfer it in whole or in part to other enterprises without any processing. They are often defined as referred to in Article 2(2) of Council Directive 96/16/EC.
• Dairy enterprises and agricultural holdings purchasing milk or milk products from agricultural holdings or collection centres with a view to transforming them into milk products. They are often defined as referred to in Article 2(1) of Council Directive 96/16/EC.
Some enterprises process milk products obtained from a dairy as defined above, e.g. skimmed milk into milk powder or yogurt, and may appear to be excluded from the definition of dairy enterprises. Nevertheless, non-packed intermediate products are considered as raw dairy materials and such dairies are therefore covered as statistical units for the purpose of some statistics, whatever the enterprise supplying them.
Agricultural holdings are the statistical units for milk production and its use on farms as in Article 2(a) of Regulation (EC) N°1166/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
2.6. Statistical population
The statistical population is the framework of the statistical units in the reference Member State or country for the reference period. All agricultural holdings producing milk and all dairy enterprises in the Member State are included.
Nevertheless, data collection may be organised in a different way by a respondent other than the statistical unit. For instance, milk delivered by farms to dairies (table C) is accounted for by both units, and can be obtained more easily from dairy enterprises, of which there are fewer.
2.7. Reference area
The entire territory of the country. The reference area is the territory of the Member States as defined by Decision 91/450/EEC[1]. For non-EU countries, territory follows the definition agreed bi-laterally with Eurostat.
[1] Commission Decision of 26 July 1991 defining the territory of Member States for the purposes of implementing Article 1 of Council Directive 89/130/EEC, Euratom on the harmonization of the compilation of gross national product at market prices. OJ L 240, 29 August 1991, pp. 36-40.
2.8. Coverage - Time
Data are presented in chronological series for each country and for the EU. The period covered varies according to the country, depending on the date of accession to the EU. They are available at least for the EU Member States, depending on the date they became members of the EEC or EU, from legislation to repeal of the legal text and insofar as Member States comply with legislation.
Milk statistics are available, at least partly, since reference years 1960 for the countries that were Member States at that time.
Further time periods may be available if collected on a volunteer basis, especially, data collected under a gentlemen’s agreement, data collected for accessing and acceding countries, and data collected under other specific agreements.
2.9. Base period
Not applicable.
3.1. Source data
Reference year: 2023
TABLE A (Dairy monthly data), TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
A) From Dairies
A.1 General characteristics
Table 3.1.1: A.1 General characteristics (Results by country)
Questions
Number of dairy companies present on the 1 January 2023 (excluding centres or companies which only collect)
Number of collection centres or companies (as defined in Article 2 (2) of Directive 96/16/EC)
Countries
BE
121
15
BG
243
91
CZ
40
25
DK
23
23
DE
138
61
EE
19
19
IE
32
0
EL
828
0
ES
1 169
107
FR
615
65
HR
48
0
IT
1 735
90
CY
101
5
LV
22
38
LT
25
45
LU
4
1
HU
47
13
MT
1
1
NL
45
11
AT
70
5
PL
134
186
PT
325
22
RO
320
Not available
SI
7
70
SK
28
19
FI
35
0
SE
26
37
TOTAL EU27
6 201
949
Questions
Number of dairy companies present on the 1 January 2023 (excluding centres or companies which only collect)
Number of collection centres or companies (as defined in Article 2 (2) of Directive 96/16/EC)
Countries
CH
656
47
IS
3
3
NO
3
None
LI
-
-
AL
454
10
BA
34
105
MK
Not available
Not available
ME
25
0
RS
145
14
TR
2 159
3 808
XK
Not available
Not available
Total other countries
3 479
4 003
A.2 Origin of the listing (of survey units) used for monthly and annual surveys (Tables A and B)
Table 3.1.2.1: A.2 Origin of the listing (of survey units) used for monthly and annual surveys (Tables A and B)
Question: What is the origin of the listing used?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Extract from the national business register
1
3.70%
FR
IS
Listing compiled for milk surveys
6
22.22%
DE, EL, LU, NL, AT, SE
CH, TR
Listing belonging to professional bodies
0
0.00%
-
-
Listing used for other surveys
0
0.00%
-
-
Other
3
11.11%
DK, CY, MT
NO
Listing compiled for milk surveys + Listing belonging to professional bodies + Other
1
3.70%
BE
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing compiled for milk surveys
2
7.41%
CZ, RO
-
Listing belonging to professional bodies + Other
3
11.11%
EE, HR, FI
-
Listing compiled for milk surveys + Other
3
11.11%
BG, IE, ES
Extract from the national business register + Other
2
7.41%
LV, PL
ME, RS
Listing used for other surveys + Other
1
3.70%
LT
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing used for other surveys + Other
1
3.70%
HU
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing belonging to professional bodies + Listing used for other surveys + Other
1
3.70%
PT
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing belonging to professional bodies + Other
1
3.70%
SI
-
Listing compiled for milk surveys + Listing belonging to professional bodies
1
3.70%
SK
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing compiled for milk surveys + Other
1
3.70%
IT
Extract from the national business register + Listing belonging to professional bodies
0
0.00%
-
AL, BA
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
A.3 How often is the listing updated? (Tables A and B)
Table 3.1.2.3: A.3 How often is the listing updated? (Tables A and B) (EU Member States)
Question: Do you update the listing used?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Continuous
12
44.45%
BE, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, HR, CY, LT, LU, HU, SK
-
Monthly
3
11.11%
BG, MT, SE
CH,NO,ME,RS,TR
Quarterly
1
3.70%
PT
-
Annual
8
29.63%
CZ, ES, IT, LV, NL, AT, PL, FI
IS, BA
Once every 3 years
0
0.00%
-
-
Multi-annual
2
7.41%
FR, SI
-
Monthly + Annual
1
3.70%
RO
AL
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
A.4 Monthly questionnaires (Dairies: Table A)
Table 3.1.2.5: Number of survey units concerned and Proportion of statistical population surveyed by this sample (%) (Results by country)
Question
Number of survey units concerned
Proportion of statistical population surveyed by this sample (%)
Countries
BE
136
100
BG
241
100
CZ
65
100
DK
23
100
DE
259
100
EE
38
100
IE
32
100
EL
246
100
ES
126
27.69
FR
505
95
HR
round 2900 milk suppliers and 48 diaries
100
IT
We replaced the monthly survey with estimates based on a statistical model. Since January 2020, ISTAT does not carry out anymore the monthly survey on milk production. On the basis of past monthly time series available, data from January 2020 onward are estimated using exponential smoothing algorithms. Exponential smoothing is a well known technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function and the moving average approach. Exponential functions are used to assign to past data exponentially decreasing weights over time and the technique requires prior assumptions as rearwards seasonality. At the end of each year, when 12 monthly estimates have been produced, ISTAT uses the annual survey on milk production for updating the past 12 estimates. As a matter of fact, according to this strategy the 12 monthly data obtained using exponential smoothing are “provisional” estimates which will be corrected using the yearly survey data.
Not available
CY
36
100
LV
60
100
LT
70
100
LU
5
100
HU
55
100
MT
1
100
NL
43
98
AT
79
100
PL
345
100
PT
140
100
RO
320
100
SI
7
100
SK
47
No sampling survey
FI
35
100
SE
19
99
EU total
5 944
97.40
Question
Number of survey units concerned
Proportion of statistical population surveyed by this sample (%)
Countries
CH
656
100
IS
3
100
NO
Register data from Norwegian Agricultural Agency
100
LI
-
-
AL
120
50
BA
34
100
MK
45
1
ME
28
100
RS
145
100
TR
2 159
100
XK
Not available
Not available
Other countries
3 190
96.7
Table 3.1.2.6: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Question: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
9
33.33%
BE, EE, IE, EL, HR, IT, CY, LV, SI
ME, RS
No
18
66.67%
BG, CZ, DK, DE, ES, FR, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SK, FI, SE
CH, IS, NO, AL, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
A.5 Annual questionnaires (Dairies: Tables B and H)
Table 3.1.2.8: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Question: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
12
44.44 %
DE, EE, IE, EL, FR, IT, CY, LV, LT, MT, SI, FI
AL, ME, RS
No
15
55.56%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, ES, LU, HU, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, HR
CH, IS, NO, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Further information (Referring to the part 3 of the milk questionnaire)
Part A) AVAILABLE RESOURCES
Table 3.1.3.1: A.1 Imports of milk, cream and other milk products
Question: Do you use the data obtained directly from dairies to record cross-border trade?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
63.00%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, IE, EL, ES, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, NL, AT, PT, RO
CH, BA, ME
No
10
37.00%
EE, FR, IT, HU, MT, PL, SI, SK, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, RS, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
If Yes:
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
From the monthly questionnaire
8
29.63%
BE, CZ, DK, DE, IE, EL, LU, AT
CH
From the monthly questionnaire and from other sources
2
7.41%
LT, RO
-
Other sources
7
25.93%
BG, ES, HR, CY, LV, NL, PT
BA, ME
Annual Questionnaire
0
0.00%
-
No answer
10
37.04%
EE, FR, IT, HU, MT, PL, SI, SK, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, MK, RS, TR, XK
Table 3.1.3.3: Do you use the data from external trade statistics?
Question: Do you use the data from external trade statistics?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
10
37.04%
EE, IE, FR, IT, LV, MT, NL, SI, FI, SE
NO, AL, RS
No
17
62.96%
BG, BE, CZ, DK, DE, EL, ES, HR, CY, LT, LU, HU, AT, PL, PT, RO, SK
CH, IS, BA, ME, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
AL, MK, XK
Part B) USE (manufactured products)
B.4 Calculation of fat inputs
Table 3.1.3.5: Do you use data from dairies as a source of information?
Question: Do you use data from dairies as a source of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
27
100.00%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE
CH, IS, NO, AL, BA, ME, RS, TR
No
0
0.00%
-
-
Not available
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLES C and I (Farms annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
B) Agricultural holdings (Farms)
Table 3.1.4.1: Number of agricultural holdings (farms) concerned on the 1 January 2023
Question
Number of agricultural holdings (farms) concerned on the 1 January 2023
Countries
BE
8 095
BG
9 231
CZ
14 536
DK
2 312
DE
50581
EE
904
IE
Not available
EL
49 202
ES
35 145 farms
Information source: REGA (register of livestock farms).
Definition of agricultural holding does not correspond to definition in Regulation (EC) No 1166/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008, but to facilities, constructions, structures or places (in the case of open air breeding) where animals for production are kept (Real Decreto 479/2004, de 26 de marzo).
Number of milk production oriented agricultural holdings: 20 436 farms
Number of mixed production oriented agricultural holdings: 14 709 farms
FR
69 904
HR
round 17 000 units of which round 8000 with livestock production
IT
From the 200 National data there are 213 980 livestock farms (residential size). We replaced the annual survey of around 8900 farms (sample size) with estimates.
CY
2 476 (based on the latest available information from the FSS2016)
LV
9 067
LT
37 284 farms concerned on 1 June 2020 (from Agricultural Census 2020)
LU
584 farms with cow, sheep or goat milk production on 01 February 2023
HU
4 954
MT
85
NL
14 264
AT
25 826
PL
1 317 400 (FSS on 1 June 2020)
PT
12 508 Considering all the holdings with dairy livestock (cows, sheep, goats)
RO
44 177
SI
Approximately 19 100 AH with cows (bovine register on 1 December 2023) + less than 1000 AH with dairy sheeps or goats
SK
2 974
FI
4 530 dairy farms
SE
2 633
EU total
2 079 639
1:see ef table of number of farms with dairy cows ef_lsk_bovine
Question
Number of agricultural holdings (farms) concerned on the 1 January 2023
Countries
CH
17 603
IS
Not available
NO
Data collection based on register data from Norwegian Agricultural Agency. 7 598 holdings with dairy cows.
LI
-
AL
INSTAT during the year 2023, has transmitted to Eurostat for the first time regional data on production of cow's milk for the time series 2010 – 2022. Data are obtained from the Ministry of Agruculture and Rural Development (administrative).
BA
9 732
MK
Not available
ME
19 646
RS
139 119 (Agricultural Census 2023)
TR
1 398 343
XK
Not available
Table 3.1.4.2: B.1 Existence of a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm (Table C)
Question: Is there a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
14
51.85%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, HR, CY, LV, LT, HU, PL, RO, SI, SK, FI
CH, BA, ME, RS
No
13
48.15%
DK, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, LU, MT, NL, AT, PT, SE
IS, NO, AL, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
B.4 In case of a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm, use of supplementary sources of information (Table C)
Question: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
13
48.15%
BE, CZ, DE, EE, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, SI, SK
BA, RS
No
10
37.04%
BG, DK, IE, IT, MT, PL, PT, RO, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, ME, TR
No answer
4
14.81%
EL, ES, FR, AT
CH, MK, XK
B.6 Regional data - Evaluation of regional production (Table I)
Table 3.1.4.4: B.6 Regional data - Evaluation of regional production (Table I)
Question: Do data exist at source?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
14
51.85%
BG, CZ, EL, HR, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK, FI
CH, NO, AL, TR
No
9
33.33%
BE, DK, DE, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, SE
IS, ME, RS
No answer
4
14.81%
EE, IE, LU, PT
BA, MK, XK
Question: Are data calculated a postériori?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
15
55.56%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, ES, FR, IT, LT, NL, AT, PT, RO, SI, FI, SE
AL, ME, RS
No
7
25.93%
DK, HR, CY, HU, MT, PL, SK
IS, NO, TR
No answer
5
18.52%
EE, IE, EL, LV, LU
CH, BA, MK, XK
Table 3.1.4.6: If the data are calculated, which is the method used? (EU Member States)
Question: If the data are calculated, which is the method used?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Survey of the structure of agricultural holdings (Commission Regulation (EC) No 143/2002) (1)
3
10%
DK, IE, NL
-
Cattle survey (Directive 93/24/EEC and Decision 94/433/EC) (2)
6
19%
RO, SE, DE, ES. NL, SI
-
Other (3)
11
35%
BG, CZ, DE, ES, FR, IT, LT, AT, PT, SI, FI
AL,ME, RS
NA
11
35%
BE, EE, EL, HR, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, PL, SK
CH, IS, NO, BA, MK, XK, TR
3.2. Frequency of data collection
The statistics on milk and milk products are collected:
monthly regarding cows' milk collection and products obtained (Table A),
annually regarding availabilities and uses in the dairy enterprises (Tables B and H) and in farms (Table C), and regional cows' milk production (Table I),
every three year regarding the structure of dairy enterprises (Tables D to G8).
3.3. Data collection
Reference year: 2023
General (Referring to the part 1 of the milk questionnaire)
Table 3.3.1.1: Does any other body play a part in compiling milk statistics?
Question: Does any other body play a part in compiling milk statistics?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
10
37.04%
DK, DE, IE, EL, HR, CY, LT, MT, AT, SI
CH, NO, AL, ME, RS
No
17
62.96%
BE, BG, CZ, EE, ES, FR, IT, LV, LU, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, FI, SE
IS, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLE A (Dairy monthly data), TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
A) From Dairies
A.4 Monthly questionnaires (Dairies: Table A)
Table 3.3.2.1: A.4 Monthly questionnaires (Dairies: Table A)
Question: Survey method
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
By enumerators
3
5.56%
BG, DE, EL
AL
By post
7
12.96%
BE, DE, IE, EL, LU, PT, SK
CH, BA, ME
By telephone
10
18.52%
BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, CY, LV, PL, RO
By e-mail
17
31.48%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, IE, EL, ES, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, RO, SI, SK, SE
BA
Other
17
31.48%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, FI
CH, IS, NO, RS, TR
By web
0
0%
-
Not available
0
0%
-
A.5 Annual questionnaires (Dairies: Tables B and H)
Table 3.3.2.3: A.5 Annual questionnaires (Dairies: Tables B and H) - Survey method
Question: Survey method
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
By enumerators
3
5.45%
BG, DE, EL
AL
By post
9
16.36%
BE, DK, DE, IE, EL, ED, LU, PT, SK
BA, ME
By telephone
9
16.36%
CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, LV, PL, RO, SI
TR
By e-mail
16
29.09%
BG, CZ, DK, DE, IE, EL, ES, HR, LV, LT, LU, MT, RO, SI, SK, SE
BA
Other
18
32.73%
BE, BG, DK, DE, EE, ES, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, FI
IS, NO, RS, TR
By web
0
0.00%
-
-
Not available
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLE C (Farms annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
B) Agricultural holdings (Farms)
B.2 If there is a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm, detail procedures.
Table 3.3.3.1: B.2 If there is a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm
Question: Survey method
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
By enumerators
5
10.42%
BG, CZ, DE, LV, RO
ME, RS, BA
By post
4
8.33
DE, HR, LV, SK
CH, RS, BA
By telephone
10
20.83%
BG, CZM DE, HR, LV, LT, LU, PL, SI, FI
RS
By e-mail
6
12.50%
BG, CZ, DE, LV, LT, LU
-
Other
15
31.25%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, HR, IT, LV, HU, NL, PL, SI, SK, FI
NO, CH, RS, BA
By web
0
0.00%
-
-
Not available
8
16.67%
IE, EL, ES, FR, MT, AT, PT, SE
IS, AL, MK, TR, XK
3.4. Data validation
The data are checked by Eurostat especially regarding their completeness, their internal coherence, and the changes compared to previous periods.
3.5. Data compilation
Reference year: 2023
TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Further information (Referring to the part 3 of the milk questionnaire)
Part B) USE (manufactured products)
B.3 Calculation of whole/skimmed milk inputs
Table 3.5.1.1: How are the milk inputs in Table B calculated for the following products?
Question: How are the milk inputs in Table B calculated for the following products?
Answer
Milk product
Direct survey
Use of technical coefficients
Direct survey and Use of technical coefficients
No answer
11-12 liquid milk and buttermilk
11 Member States (41%): DK, IE, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
15 Member States (56%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
10 Member States (37%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
16 Member States (59%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
21 concentrated milk 22 powder products
8 Member States (30%): DK, HR, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
17 Member States (63%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
1 Member State (4%): MT Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
23 Total butter and other yellow fat products
9 Member States (33%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
16 Member States (59%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
1 Member State (4%): MT Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
24 cheese 2411 cows’ milk cheese
10 Member States (37%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
16 Member States (59%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
25 processed cheese
9 Member States (33%): DK, HR, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK, SE Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
14 Member States (52%): BE, BG, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, HU, NL, PT, RO Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
2 Member State (7%): CZ, MT Other countries: CH, IS, NO, MK, XK
27 whey
9 Member States (33%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
15 Member States (56%): BE, BG, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
2 Member State (7%): CZ, MT Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
In Eurostat, the data are aggregated to compile the EU aggregates and the annual totals (monthly data).
3.6. Adjustment
No adjustment is applied.
4.1. Quality assurance
Animal production statistics are subject to the general quality assurance framework of Eurostat, where domain-specific quality assurance activities (the use of best practices, quality reviews, self-assessments, compliance monitoring) are carried out systematically.
4.2. Quality management - assessment
The latest quality review should provide findings and recommendations in 2023, for the whole process of all Eurostat animal production statistics.
5.1. Relevance - User Needs
The main users are other Directorates General of the European Commission (e.g. DG Agriculture and rural development, especially through the Milk Market Observatory, and DG Health). However, there are other major users such as other European institutions, national administration services, national statistical institutes, other international organisations, agro-industry, producer groups, research institutes, journalists, third countries and the public in general. The objectives of these users vary, but the statistics of milk and milk products are especially useful for market management/monitoring and policy-making in the agricultural and dairy sector.
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Key users are well known and their needs are met. In addition, specific questions from individual users are answered. Eurostat conducts regular user surveys with a wider scope.
5.3. Completeness
The missing values concern especially the most detailed or rare variables that cannot be properly estimated through the survey.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate
For reference year 2023, amongst files delivered by the Member States, 100% were complete.
6.1. Accuracy - overall
The measured values are accurate, but the data users must consider the possible impact of
changes in stocks, especially regarding the outcoming dairy products,
possible inaccuracy in control of double-counting,
cross-border milk collection that might be handled in different ways on both sides of a border between Member States, especially when milk is collected by farmer groups, considered or not as agricultral holdings.
6.2. Sampling error
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3. Non-sampling error
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.1. Coverage error
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.2. Measurement error
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.3. Non response error
Reference year: 2023
TABLE A (Dairy monthly data), TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
A) From Dairies
Table 6.3.3.1: Usual response rate (%) (Results by country)
Question
A.4 Monthly questionnaires (Dairies: Table A)
A.5 Annual questionnaires (Dairies: Tables B and H)
EU Member States
Usual response rate (%)
Usual response rate (%)
BE
99
99
BG
98.8
98.7
CZ
100
100
DK
100
100
DE
100
100
EE
100
100
IE
100
96
EL
100
95
ES
51.58
51.24 % ( 599/1169 dairies ) (93.48 % of total milk volume for 2022)
FR
90
92
HR
93
92
IT
NA
53.43
CY
100
100
LV
100
100
LT
100
100
LU
100
100
HU
99
99
MT
100
100
NL
92
89
AT
100
100
PL
98
99
PT
98
95-99
RO
98.1
97.9
SI
100
100
SK
100
100
FI
100
100
SE
100
100
Questions
A.4 Monthly questionnaires (Dairies: Table A)
A.5 Annual questionnaires (Dairies: Tables B and H)
Other countries
Usual response rate (%)
Usual response rate (%)
CH
100
100
IS
100
tables H and B not delivered
NO
100
100
LI
-
-
UK
Not available
Not available
AL
100
98.99
BA
100
34
MK
Not available
Not available
ME
92
83.3
RS
100
100
TR
99
99
XK
Not available
Not available
TABLE C (Farms annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
B) Agricultural holdings (Farms)
B.2 If there is a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm, detail procedures.
Table 6.3.3.2: Usual response rate (%) (Results by country)
Questions
B.2 If there is a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm:
EU Member States
Usual response rate (%)
BE
99
BG
99.9
CZ
99.93
DK
100
DE
depending on the federal state approx. 50 %
EE
Not available
IE
Not available
EL
Not available
ES
Not available
FR
Not available
HR
92% (for sample)
IT
Not available
CY
Greater than 99%.
LV
97.7
LT
For farmers’ farms – 86.8%; for companies and enterprises – 99.2%.
LU
100
HU
96
MT
100
NL
Not available
AT
Not available
PL
sample survey in private farms - 88.2%; in other farms - 100%
PT
Not available
RO
98.5
SI
60
SK
98
FI
About 90 % (sample survey)
SE
Not available
Questions
B.2 If there is a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm:
Other countries
Usual response rate (%)
CH
100
IS
Not available
NO
Not available
LI
-
UK
Not available
AL
No regular survey is conducted for Tbale C (production and use milk on farm)
BA
We have regular survey for Table C (production and use milk on farm).
MK
Not available
ME
86
RS
68.5 (Survey on agriculture production-animal production 2022)
TR
The data of MILK_TABLEC_A will be transmitted after evaluating the results of animal production surveys conducted periodically by TurkStat.
XK
Not available
6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.4. Processing error
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
6.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
6.4. Seasonal adjustment
No seasonal adjustment is implemented.
6.5. Data revision - policy
Data revision policy is common to animal production statistics.
6.6. Data revision - practice
Data revision policy is common to animal production statistics.
Especially for the monthly statistics, the Member States are invited to revise their data when they have better estimates. Some of them do not revise their data after validation but some update them regularly.
Some of them never revise their data, either small Member States that can get final statistics at the deadline, or because the statistics cannot be improved.
The annual statistics on activity of dairies may be revised after having established the whole balance with the farm statistics and after having better external trade statistics.
6.6.1. Data revision - average size
For monthly data, Member States revised 11% of the files for reference year 2023.
7.1. Timeliness
The statistics are due 45 days (monthly statistics), 6 months (statistics on activity of hatcheries) or 9 months (milk on farms, structure of the dairy enterprises) after the end of the reference period.
7.1.1. Time lag - first result
No preliminary or provisionnal results are expected, though the statistics can be revised.
7.1.2. Time lag - final result
The delivered results are usually supposed to be final.
7.2. Punctuality
Eurostat assesses punctuality on a regular basis as an element of compliance to legal requirements, and reports to the Working Group on Animal Production Statistics, on the Director's Group on Agricultural Statistics, and as part of the overall Eurostat compliance assessment.
7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
For reference year 2023, the percentage of late or missing files over the expected ones was 9% for the Member States. The average delay was 8 days.
8.1. Comparability - geographical
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
8.2. Comparability - over time
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
8.3. Coherence - cross domain
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
The monthly milk statistics are representative of cows' milk collection, whereas the annual data on activity of dairies are representative of activity of all the dairy enterprises in a Member State. Therefore the reproted monthly production of milk products may differ from the annual figures, due to:
dairy enterprises processing milk products but not collecting milk,
dairy enterprise collecting only other milks than cows' milk.
Additionally, the monthly surveys are designed for getting faster results and the sample cannot represent properly the smaller dairy enterprises. Therefore phenomena affecting especially these smaller enterprises may be missed by the monthly statistics.
8.5. Coherence - National Accounts
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
8.6. Coherence - internal
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
9.1. Dissemination format - News release
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.2. Dissemination format - Publications
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.3. Dissemination format - online database
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.3.1. Data tables - consultations
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.5. Dissemination format - other
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.6. Documentation on methodology
The Member States shall send the Commission the methodological questionnaire set out in Annex II, duly completed, by the end of June of the next year. The annexed national reports reflect this questionnaire.
9.7. Quality management - documentation
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
9.7.2. Metadata - consultations
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
Not available.
11.1. Confidentiality - policy
This dimension is common to animal production statistics.
11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Reference year: 2023
General (Referring to the part 1 of the milk questionnaire)
Question on the confidentiality of the data transmitted
Table 11.2.1: Data confidentiality
Question: Do you have problems with data confidentiality?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
62.96%
BE, DE, EE, IE, ES, FR, HR, IT, LV, LU, MT, AT, PT, RO, SI, FI, SE
Milk and milk product statistics are collected under Decision 97/80/EC implementing Directive 96/16/EC. They cover milk collected (cow's milk) and products obtained by dairies (monthly, table A), annual production and utilization of milk (all milk) in dairies (annual, tables B and H), statistics on the structure of dairies (every third year, tables D, E, F, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5) and annual production and utilization of milk (all milk) on farms (tables C and I). An annual methodological report is also collected.
European Economic Area countries (EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) are requested to provide milk statistics, with the exception of those related to home consumption, as stated in Annex XXI of the EEA Agreement. Liechtenstein is nevertheless exempted from providing these statistics.
The Agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on cooperation in the field of statistics states that Switzerland must provide Eurostat with national milk statistics.
The same statistics are requested from the candidate and potential candidate countries as acquis communautaire.
For the countries ME, MK, XK, NO and BA the information displayed in this EU quality report is the information available from previous years.
Table 2.1.1: Changes in the methodological information since last year’s questionnaire
Question: Changes in the methodological information since last year’s questionnaire?
Answer
MSs
% MSs
List of countries (MS)
List of other countries
Yes
6
22.22 %
HR, LT, LU, HU, SI, SK,
No
21
77.78 %
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, LV, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, FI, SE,
CH, IS, AL, ME, RS, TR,
No answer (NA)
0
0.00 %
-
NO, BA, MK, XK,
Not Applicable
Milk statistics (annual) in dairy enterprises are led by the concept of ‘national dairy’, i.e. the dairy sector is considered as a single process, which internal flows are not (intended to be) taken into account.
Use of raw milk is followed through production of its two main components, fat and protein content. Milk processed is thus accounted for as an aggregate of UWM (utilised whole milk, with the full of fat and protein content) and USM (utilised skimmed milk, with the full protein content but without fat). A process can produce skimmed milk further to the main (fat) product and, in such a case, USM can be negative. This is especially the case for cream and butter production.
Reference year: 2023
TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Further information (Referring to the part 3 of the milk questionnaire)
Part A) AVAILABLE RESOURCES
A.1 Imports of milk, cream and other milk products
Table 2.4.1.1: A.1 Imports of milk, cream and other products
Question: Are there purchases of raw milk by diaries from approved purchasers located in another country?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
62.96%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, ES, HR, IT, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, AT, RO, SI
CH, BA, ME, RS
No
10
37.04%
DK, EL, FR, CY, MT, PL, PT, SK, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
Question: If Yes, are these purchases entered on the accounts with imports? (Table B, column B)?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
62.96%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, ES, HR, IT, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, AT, RO, SI
CH, BA, ME, RS
No
1
3.70%
MT
IS
No answer
9
33.33%
DK, EL, FR, CY, MT, PL, PT, SK, FI, SE
NO, AL, MK, TR, XK
Question: How do you deal with deliveries of intermediate products from a plant in one country to another plant in a different country but belonging to the same enterprise?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
They are included in the external trade data
10
31.25%
CZ, DK, EE, IE, ES, FR, HR, LU,SI, SE
NO, RS
They are included in enterprises’ deliveries
8
25%
BG, IT, LV, AT, PL, CZ, RO
ME
They are included in the external trade data/ They are included in enterprises’ deliveries/ Other
1
3.13%
CZ
They are included in enterprises’ deliveries/Other
1
3.13%
NL
Other, specify
7
21.88%
BE, CZ, DE, CY, LT, NL, FI
IS, AL
Not applicable
0
0%
No answer
5
15.63%
EL, HU, MT, PT, SK
CH, BA, MK, TR, XK
Part B) USE (manufactured products)
Table 2.4.2.1: B.1 Main products (column 1 in the table B)
Question: Are there any links between the milk statistics surveys and the Prodcom surveys? (Council Regulation EEC N° 3924/94 of 19 December 1991 on the establishment of a Community survey of industrial production OJ L374, 31 Decembre 1991, p.1.)?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
9
33.33%
BG, EE, IE, FR, LT, PT, RO, SK, FI
RS
No
18
66.67%
BE, CZ, DK, DE, EL, ES, HR, IT, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, SI, SE
CH, IS, NO, BA, ME, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
AL, MK, XK
Question: If Yes, are both surveys managed by the same body?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
6
22.22%
BG, EE, IE, FR, PT, RO
RS
No
4
14.81%
BE, LT, SK, FI
-
No answer
17
62.96%
CZ, DK, DE, EL, ES, HR, IT, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, SI, SE
CH, IS, NO, AL, BA, MK, ME, TR, XK
Table 2.4.2.3: B.2 Double counting
B.2.1 In dairies
Question: To avoid double counting, on which variables does the survey focus?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
MSs
Percentage MS
List
List
on products received, before processing (RECEIPT of products)
12
8
29.63%
BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, CY, MT, AT, RO, SK, SE
CH, IS, TR
on processed products (DELIVERY of production)
19
15
55.56%
CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, HR, IT, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, FI, SE
AL, BA, ME, RS
On products received, before processing (RECEIPT of products) + On processed products (DELIVERY of production)
4
4
14.81%
ES, IT, RO, SE
-
Other (Based on use of register.)
-
-
-
-
No answer
0
-
0.00%
-
NO, MK, XK
B.2.2 Cheese – processed cheese
Question: Do you conduct a specific survey covering the raw materials used to make processed cheese? (cheese, butter, cream, other milk products)?
Question: Are these raw materials deducted from or included in the data in column 1 of Table B?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Deducted
11
40.74%
BE, BG, DE, ES, LV, LT, HU, AT, PT, SI, SK
AL, BA, RS
Included
11
40.74%
CZ, EE, FR, HR, IT, MT, NL, PL, RO, FI, SE
NO, ME, TR
No answer
5
18.52%
DK, IE, EL, CY, LU
CH, IS, MK, TR, XK
Table 2.4.2.5: B.4 Calculation of fat inputs
Question: How are the fat inputs in Table B calculated?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
as INPUT (i.e. on the basis of the raw materials used in manufacturing)
6
22.22%
CZ, NL, AT, PL, RO, FI
AL, ME
as OUTPUT (i.e. on the basis of the finished product)
14
51.85%
BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, LV, LU, HU, MT, PT, SI, SK
CH, IS, RS
as INPUT and as OUTPUT
7
25.93%
BG, DK, IE, IT, CY, LT, SE
NO, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
Table 2.4.2.7: B.5 Proteins (Table H) - What is your method of measuring or estimating proteins?
Question: What is your method of measuring or estimating proteins?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
as INPUT (i.e. on the basis of the raw materials used in manufacturing)
8
29.63%
CZ, DK, NL, AT, PT, FI, LT, SE
NO, AL, ME
as OUTPUT (i.e. on the basis of the finished product)
14
51.85%
BE, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, HR, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, RO, SI
CH, IS, RS
as INPUT (i.e. on the basis of the raw materials used in manufacturing) + as OUTPUT (i.e. on the basis of the finished product)
5
18.52%
BG, IE, IT, PL, SK
BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLE C (Farms annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
B) Agricultural holdings (farms)
Table 2.4.3.1: B.6 Cows' milk
Question: Excluding milk directly suckled by calves, is all the milk from milking (including colostrum) that is used as animal feed (in buckets or by other means) included in the sum of available milk?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
24
88.89%
BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE
NO, AL, BA, ME, RS
No
3
11.11%
BE, CZ, DK
CH, IS
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, TR, XK
Regional data
Region means a sub-division of a Member State territory. 'Region' refers to NUTS 2 for milk production (farms), the NUTS reference being the version applicable on the date of data transmission.
Dairy enterprises are undertakings of two types:
• Collection centres collect milk or cream and transfer it in whole or in part to other enterprises without any processing. They are often defined as referred to in Article 2(2) of Council Directive 96/16/EC.
• Dairy enterprises and agricultural holdings purchasing milk or milk products from agricultural holdings or collection centres with a view to transforming them into milk products. They are often defined as referred to in Article 2(1) of Council Directive 96/16/EC.
Some enterprises process milk products obtained from a dairy as defined above, e.g. skimmed milk into milk powder or yogurt, and may appear to be excluded from the definition of dairy enterprises. Nevertheless, non-packed intermediate products are considered as raw dairy materials and such dairies are therefore covered as statistical units for the purpose of some statistics, whatever the enterprise supplying them.
Agricultural holdings are the statistical units for milk production and its use on farms as in Article 2(a) of Regulation (EC) N°1166/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
The statistical population is the framework of the statistical units in the reference Member State or country for the reference period. All agricultural holdings producing milk and all dairy enterprises in the Member State are included.
Nevertheless, data collection may be organised in a different way by a respondent other than the statistical unit. For instance, milk delivered by farms to dairies (table C) is accounted for by both units, and can be obtained more easily from dairy enterprises, of which there are fewer.
The entire territory of the country. The reference area is the territory of the Member States as defined by Decision 91/450/EEC[1]. For non-EU countries, territory follows the definition agreed bi-laterally with Eurostat.
[1] Commission Decision of 26 July 1991 defining the territory of Member States for the purposes of implementing Article 1 of Council Directive 89/130/EEC, Euratom on the harmonization of the compilation of gross national product at market prices. OJ L 240, 29 August 1991, pp. 36-40.
Not Applicable
The measured values are accurate, but the data users must consider the possible impact of
changes in stocks, especially regarding the outcoming dairy products,
possible inaccuracy in control of double-counting,
cross-border milk collection that might be handled in different ways on both sides of a border between Member States, especially when milk is collected by farmer groups, considered or not as agricultral holdings.
Not Applicable
Reference year: 2023
TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Further information (Referring to the part 3 of the milk questionnaire)
Part B) USE (manufactured products)
B.3 Calculation of whole/skimmed milk inputs
Table 3.5.1.1: How are the milk inputs in Table B calculated for the following products?
Question: How are the milk inputs in Table B calculated for the following products?
Answer
Milk product
Direct survey
Use of technical coefficients
Direct survey and Use of technical coefficients
No answer
11-12 liquid milk and buttermilk
11 Member States (41%): DK, IE, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
15 Member States (56%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
10 Member States (37%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
16 Member States (59%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
21 concentrated milk 22 powder products
8 Member States (30%): DK, HR, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
17 Member States (63%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
1 Member State (4%): MT Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
23 Total butter and other yellow fat products
9 Member States (33%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
16 Member States (59%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
1 Member State (4%): MT Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
24 cheese 2411 cows’ milk cheese
10 Member States (37%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, MT, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
16 Member States (59%): BE, BG, CZ, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
25 processed cheese
9 Member States (33%): DK, HR, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK, SE Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
14 Member States (52%): BE, BG, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, HU, NL, PT, RO Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
2 Member State (7%): CZ, MT Other countries: CH, IS, NO, MK, XK
27 whey
9 Member States (33%): DK, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, AT, PL, SK Other countries: CH, AL, BA, TR
15 Member States (56%): BE, BG, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, HU, NL, PT, RO, FI, SE Other countries: ME, RS
1 Member State (4%): SI
2 Member State (7%): CZ, MT Other countries: IS, NO, MK, XK
In Eurostat, the data are aggregated to compile the EU aggregates and the annual totals (monthly data).
Reference year: 2023
TABLE A (Dairy monthly data), TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
A) From Dairies
A.1 General characteristics
Table 3.1.1: A.1 General characteristics (Results by country)
Questions
Number of dairy companies present on the 1 January 2023 (excluding centres or companies which only collect)
Number of collection centres or companies (as defined in Article 2 (2) of Directive 96/16/EC)
Countries
BE
121
15
BG
243
91
CZ
40
25
DK
23
23
DE
138
61
EE
19
19
IE
32
0
EL
828
0
ES
1 169
107
FR
615
65
HR
48
0
IT
1 735
90
CY
101
5
LV
22
38
LT
25
45
LU
4
1
HU
47
13
MT
1
1
NL
45
11
AT
70
5
PL
134
186
PT
325
22
RO
320
Not available
SI
7
70
SK
28
19
FI
35
0
SE
26
37
TOTAL EU27
6 201
949
Questions
Number of dairy companies present on the 1 January 2023 (excluding centres or companies which only collect)
Number of collection centres or companies (as defined in Article 2 (2) of Directive 96/16/EC)
Countries
CH
656
47
IS
3
3
NO
3
None
LI
-
-
AL
454
10
BA
34
105
MK
Not available
Not available
ME
25
0
RS
145
14
TR
2 159
3 808
XK
Not available
Not available
Total other countries
3 479
4 003
A.2 Origin of the listing (of survey units) used for monthly and annual surveys (Tables A and B)
Table 3.1.2.1: A.2 Origin of the listing (of survey units) used for monthly and annual surveys (Tables A and B)
Question: What is the origin of the listing used?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Extract from the national business register
1
3.70%
FR
IS
Listing compiled for milk surveys
6
22.22%
DE, EL, LU, NL, AT, SE
CH, TR
Listing belonging to professional bodies
0
0.00%
-
-
Listing used for other surveys
0
0.00%
-
-
Other
3
11.11%
DK, CY, MT
NO
Listing compiled for milk surveys + Listing belonging to professional bodies + Other
1
3.70%
BE
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing compiled for milk surveys
2
7.41%
CZ, RO
-
Listing belonging to professional bodies + Other
3
11.11%
EE, HR, FI
-
Listing compiled for milk surveys + Other
3
11.11%
BG, IE, ES
Extract from the national business register + Other
2
7.41%
LV, PL
ME, RS
Listing used for other surveys + Other
1
3.70%
LT
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing used for other surveys + Other
1
3.70%
HU
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing belonging to professional bodies + Listing used for other surveys + Other
1
3.70%
PT
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing belonging to professional bodies + Other
1
3.70%
SI
-
Listing compiled for milk surveys + Listing belonging to professional bodies
1
3.70%
SK
-
Extract from the national business register + Listing compiled for milk surveys + Other
1
3.70%
IT
Extract from the national business register + Listing belonging to professional bodies
0
0.00%
-
AL, BA
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
A.3 How often is the listing updated? (Tables A and B)
Table 3.1.2.3: A.3 How often is the listing updated? (Tables A and B) (EU Member States)
Question: Do you update the listing used?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Continuous
12
44.45%
BE, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, HR, CY, LT, LU, HU, SK
-
Monthly
3
11.11%
BG, MT, SE
CH,NO,ME,RS,TR
Quarterly
1
3.70%
PT
-
Annual
8
29.63%
CZ, ES, IT, LV, NL, AT, PL, FI
IS, BA
Once every 3 years
0
0.00%
-
-
Multi-annual
2
7.41%
FR, SI
-
Monthly + Annual
1
3.70%
RO
AL
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
A.4 Monthly questionnaires (Dairies: Table A)
Table 3.1.2.5: Number of survey units concerned and Proportion of statistical population surveyed by this sample (%) (Results by country)
Question
Number of survey units concerned
Proportion of statistical population surveyed by this sample (%)
Countries
BE
136
100
BG
241
100
CZ
65
100
DK
23
100
DE
259
100
EE
38
100
IE
32
100
EL
246
100
ES
126
27.69
FR
505
95
HR
round 2900 milk suppliers and 48 diaries
100
IT
We replaced the monthly survey with estimates based on a statistical model. Since January 2020, ISTAT does not carry out anymore the monthly survey on milk production. On the basis of past monthly time series available, data from January 2020 onward are estimated using exponential smoothing algorithms. Exponential smoothing is a well known technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function and the moving average approach. Exponential functions are used to assign to past data exponentially decreasing weights over time and the technique requires prior assumptions as rearwards seasonality. At the end of each year, when 12 monthly estimates have been produced, ISTAT uses the annual survey on milk production for updating the past 12 estimates. As a matter of fact, according to this strategy the 12 monthly data obtained using exponential smoothing are “provisional” estimates which will be corrected using the yearly survey data.
Not available
CY
36
100
LV
60
100
LT
70
100
LU
5
100
HU
55
100
MT
1
100
NL
43
98
AT
79
100
PL
345
100
PT
140
100
RO
320
100
SI
7
100
SK
47
No sampling survey
FI
35
100
SE
19
99
EU total
5 944
97.40
Question
Number of survey units concerned
Proportion of statistical population surveyed by this sample (%)
Countries
CH
656
100
IS
3
100
NO
Register data from Norwegian Agricultural Agency
100
LI
-
-
AL
120
50
BA
34
100
MK
45
1
ME
28
100
RS
145
100
TR
2 159
100
XK
Not available
Not available
Other countries
3 190
96.7
Table 3.1.2.6: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Question: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
9
33.33%
BE, EE, IE, EL, HR, IT, CY, LV, SI
ME, RS
No
18
66.67%
BG, CZ, DK, DE, ES, FR, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SK, FI, SE
CH, IS, NO, AL, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
A.5 Annual questionnaires (Dairies: Tables B and H)
Table 3.1.2.8: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Question: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
12
44.44 %
DE, EE, IE, EL, FR, IT, CY, LV, LT, MT, SI, FI
AL, ME, RS
No
15
55.56%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, ES, LU, HU, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, HR
CH, IS, NO, BA, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLES B and H (Dairy annual data)
Further information (Referring to the part 3 of the milk questionnaire)
Part A) AVAILABLE RESOURCES
Table 3.1.3.1: A.1 Imports of milk, cream and other milk products
Question: Do you use the data obtained directly from dairies to record cross-border trade?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
17
63.00%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, IE, EL, ES, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, NL, AT, PT, RO
CH, BA, ME
No
10
37.00%
EE, FR, IT, HU, MT, PL, SI, SK, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, RS, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
If Yes:
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
From the monthly questionnaire
8
29.63%
BE, CZ, DK, DE, IE, EL, LU, AT
CH
From the monthly questionnaire and from other sources
2
7.41%
LT, RO
-
Other sources
7
25.93%
BG, ES, HR, CY, LV, NL, PT
BA, ME
Annual Questionnaire
0
0.00%
-
No answer
10
37.04%
EE, FR, IT, HU, MT, PL, SI, SK, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, MK, RS, TR, XK
Table 3.1.3.3: Do you use the data from external trade statistics?
Question: Do you use the data from external trade statistics?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
10
37.04%
EE, IE, FR, IT, LV, MT, NL, SI, FI, SE
NO, AL, RS
No
17
62.96%
BG, BE, CZ, DK, DE, EL, ES, HR, CY, LT, LU, HU, AT, PL, PT, RO, SK
CH, IS, BA, ME, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
AL, MK, XK
Part B) USE (manufactured products)
B.4 Calculation of fat inputs
Table 3.1.3.5: Do you use data from dairies as a source of information?
Question: Do you use data from dairies as a source of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
27
100.00%
BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE
CH, IS, NO, AL, BA, ME, RS, TR
No
0
0.00%
-
-
Not available
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
TABLES C and I (Farms annual data)
Collecting the basic information (Referring to the part 2 of the milk questionnaire)
B) Agricultural holdings (Farms)
Table 3.1.4.1: Number of agricultural holdings (farms) concerned on the 1 January 2023
Question
Number of agricultural holdings (farms) concerned on the 1 January 2023
Countries
BE
8 095
BG
9 231
CZ
14 536
DK
2 312
DE
50581
EE
904
IE
Not available
EL
49 202
ES
35 145 farms
Information source: REGA (register of livestock farms).
Definition of agricultural holding does not correspond to definition in Regulation (EC) No 1166/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008, but to facilities, constructions, structures or places (in the case of open air breeding) where animals for production are kept (Real Decreto 479/2004, de 26 de marzo).
Number of milk production oriented agricultural holdings: 20 436 farms
Number of mixed production oriented agricultural holdings: 14 709 farms
FR
69 904
HR
round 17 000 units of which round 8000 with livestock production
IT
From the 200 National data there are 213 980 livestock farms (residential size). We replaced the annual survey of around 8900 farms (sample size) with estimates.
CY
2 476 (based on the latest available information from the FSS2016)
LV
9 067
LT
37 284 farms concerned on 1 June 2020 (from Agricultural Census 2020)
LU
584 farms with cow, sheep or goat milk production on 01 February 2023
HU
4 954
MT
85
NL
14 264
AT
25 826
PL
1 317 400 (FSS on 1 June 2020)
PT
12 508 Considering all the holdings with dairy livestock (cows, sheep, goats)
RO
44 177
SI
Approximately 19 100 AH with cows (bovine register on 1 December 2023) + less than 1000 AH with dairy sheeps or goats
SK
2 974
FI
4 530 dairy farms
SE
2 633
EU total
2 079 639
1:see ef table of number of farms with dairy cows ef_lsk_bovine
Question
Number of agricultural holdings (farms) concerned on the 1 January 2023
Countries
CH
17 603
IS
Not available
NO
Data collection based on register data from Norwegian Agricultural Agency. 7 598 holdings with dairy cows.
LI
-
AL
INSTAT during the year 2023, has transmitted to Eurostat for the first time regional data on production of cow's milk for the time series 2010 – 2022. Data are obtained from the Ministry of Agruculture and Rural Development (administrative).
BA
9 732
MK
Not available
ME
19 646
RS
139 119 (Agricultural Census 2023)
TR
1 398 343
XK
Not available
Table 3.1.4.2: B.1 Existence of a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm (Table C)
Question: Is there a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
14
51.85%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, HR, CY, LV, LT, HU, PL, RO, SI, SK, FI
CH, BA, ME, RS
No
13
48.15%
DK, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, LU, MT, NL, AT, PT, SE
IS, NO, AL, TR
No answer
0
0.00%
-
MK, XK
B.4 In case of a regular survey of the production and use of milk on the farm, use of supplementary sources of information (Table C)
Question: Do you use supplementary sources of information?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
13
48.15%
BE, CZ, DE, EE, HR, CY, LV, LT, LU, HU, NL, SI, SK
BA, RS
No
10
37.04%
BG, DK, IE, IT, MT, PL, PT, RO, FI, SE
IS, NO, AL, ME, TR
No answer
4
14.81%
EL, ES, FR, AT
CH, MK, XK
B.6 Regional data - Evaluation of regional production (Table I)
Table 3.1.4.4: B.6 Regional data - Evaluation of regional production (Table I)
Question: Do data exist at source?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
14
51.85%
BG, CZ, EL, HR, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK, FI
CH, NO, AL, TR
No
9
33.33%
BE, DK, DE, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, SE
IS, ME, RS
No answer
4
14.81%
EE, IE, LU, PT
BA, MK, XK
Question: Are data calculated a postériori?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Yes
15
55.56%
BE, BG, CZ, DE, ES, FR, IT, LT, NL, AT, PT, RO, SI, FI, SE
AL, ME, RS
No
7
25.93%
DK, HR, CY, HU, MT, PL, SK
IS, NO, TR
No answer
5
18.52%
EE, IE, EL, LV, LU
CH, BA, MK, XK
Table 3.1.4.6: If the data are calculated, which is the method used? (EU Member States)
Question: If the data are calculated, which is the method used?
Answer
EU Member States
Other countries
Number
Percentage
List
List
Survey of the structure of agricultural holdings (Commission Regulation (EC) No 143/2002) (1)
3
10%
DK, IE, NL
-
Cattle survey (Directive 93/24/EEC and Decision 94/433/EC) (2)
6
19%
RO, SE, DE, ES. NL, SI
-
Other (3)
11
35%
BG, CZ, DE, ES, FR, IT, LT, AT, PT, SI, FI
AL,ME, RS
NA
11
35%
BE, EE, EL, HR, CY, LV, LU, HU, MT, PL, SK
CH, IS, NO, BA, MK, XK, TR
Not Applicable
The statistics are due 45 days (monthly statistics), 6 months (statistics on activity of hatcheries) or 9 months (milk on farms, structure of the dairy enterprises) after the end of the reference period.
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
Information not collected in line with the Decision 97/80/EC (ANNEX III)
