Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Devlet Mah. Necatibey Cad. No:114 06420 Çankaya/ANKARA
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
25 March 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
25 March 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
25 March 2025
3.1. Data description
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
The legal basis for ICT enterprise statistics for survey year 2024 is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1507 of 20 July 2023 laying down the technical specifications of data requirements for the topic 'ICT usage and e-commerce' for the reference year 2024. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age.
Furthermore, ICT data facilitate the monitoring of the EU’s digital targets for 2030, set by the Digital Decade Policy Programme. Four of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the current programme stem from the statistics for which the implementing and delegated acts are enclosed for adoption: Artificial Intelligence, cloud, big data (data analytics) and the digital intensity index for businesses (DII) - a composite indicator reflecting the digital transformation of business. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
Survey on ICT Usage and e-Commerce in Enterprises, 2024
The characteristics to be provided are drawn from the following list of subjects:
ICT systems and their usage in enterprises,
use of the internet and other electronic networks by enterprises,
e-commerce,
e-business processes and organisational aspects,
ICT competence in the enterprise and the need for ICT skills,
barriers to the use of ICT, the internet and other electronic networks, e-commerce and e-business processes,
ICT security and trust,
access to and use of the internet and other network technologies for connecting objects and devices (Internet of Things),
access to and use of technologies providing the ability to connect to the internet or other networks from anywhere at any time (ubiquitous connectivity),
All economic activities in the scope of Annex of the Commission Regulation are intended to be included in the general survey, covering enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons. These activities are:
Section C – “Manufacturing”
Section D, E – “Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply”, “Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities”
Section F – “Construction”
Section G – “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles”
Section H – “Transportation and storage”
Section I – “Accommodation and food service activities”
Section J – “Information and communication”
Section L – “Real estate activities”
Section M – “Professional, scientific and technical activities”
Section N – "Administrative and support service activities"
Group 95.1 – “Repair of computers and communication equipment”.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
3.3.1. Coverage-sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - All NACE Rev. 2 categories are covered
Micro-enterprises are not included in the survey
3.3.2. Coverage sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - If not all activities were covered, which ones were covered?
Micro-enterprises (size classes for enterprises with 0-9 employees and self-employed persons) are not included in the survey.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following topics:
Access to and use of the Internet
E-commerce and e-business
ICT specialists and skills
ICT security
Artificial Intelligence.
The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical unit is the enterprise.
3.6. Statistical population
Target Population
As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons are covered by the survey.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
3.6.1. Coverage of micro-enterprises
No
3.6.2. Breakdown between size classes [0 to 1] and [2 to 9]
No
3.6.3. If for micro-enterprises different size delimitation was used, please indicate it.
Not applicable
3.7. Reference area
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“.
All territory of Türkiye
3.8. Coverage - Time
Years 2023 and 2024.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons.
In general, data refer to the current situation in the survey period, or where specified in the model questionnaire to the calendar year prior to the survey period (e.g. for questions relating to e-commerce).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in enterprises:
According to Statistics Law Of Turkey (No. of the Law : 5429 ), Statistical units are obliged to submit to the Presidency all information or data completely, accurately and free of charge in the form, period and standards specified by the Presidency. Those who fail to submit the information requested by the Presidency or other institutions and organisations in specified form and time or submit incomplete or incorrect information, are first given a warning to submit information requested or cover gaps or correct mistakes within a period of one week. In case no information is submitted or no correction/supplement is made in spite of this warning, real persons or organs and representatives of private law legal entities concerned are imposed administrative fines. Imposition of administrative fines or other punitive measures do not remove of the statistical units’ obligation to provide information.
According to the Statistical Law of Turkey, the institutional mandate for data sharing was stressed under these articles:
Article 9 (Access to administrative data) “To be used for the production of official statistics, the institutions and organizations are obliged to submit or open to use of the Presidency the records and other data files they compile, process, and store regarding their working areas, and all kinds of maps and data obtained by remote sensing within the specified period and free of charge.”
Article 8 (Obligation to respond and boundaries) "Statistical units, in the framework of the fundamental rights and tasks identified in the Constitution, are obliged to submit to the Presidency all the required information or data, which will be used for producing the official statistics on the economy, social, demography, culture, environment, science, technology, and other required fields, completely, accurately and free of charge in the form, period and standards specified by the Presidency."
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
At national level:
Statistical Law of Turkey, Article No:13. "Confidential data can be accessed only by the ones involved in the production of official statistics, to the extent that they need for performing their duties properly. If the number of the statistical unit in any cell of the data table formed by aggregating the individual data is less than three or one or two of the statistical units are dominant even if the number of units is three or more, the data in the concerned cell is considered confidential. The confidential data compiled, processed and preserved for the production of official statistics cannot be delivered to any administrative, judiciary or military authority or person, can not be used for purposes other than statistics or as an instrument of proof. Civil servants and other staff in charge of compiling and processing these data are obliged to comply with this rule. This obligation continues after the related personnel leave their duties and posts. The rulers of the institutions and organisations producing official statistics shall take all measures to prevent any illicit access, use or revelation of the confidential data. Data or information obtained from sources that are open to all people shall not be deemed confidential. Data confidentiality ceases when a statistical unit gives written approval for the revelation of confidential data concerning itself. Confidential data can be published only as combined with other data so as not to allow any direct or indirect identification."
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Data are transmitted via eDamis (encrypted) and delivered to a secure environment where they are treated. Flags are added for confidentiality in case results must not be disclosed.
At national level:
As stated in the transmission format, it is provided flags in the dataset for primary and secondary confidentiality in order to avoid disclosure of confidential results.
8.1. Release calendar
TurkStat maintains a release calendar for its statistical outputs.
8.2. Release calendar access
The planned release dates ( the survey year in September) are announced one year ago on TurkStat website. (TUIK website).
TurkStat has not any national publications for dissemination of results for ICT ENT Survey.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
See detailed section 10.3.1.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Results for selected variables collected in the framework of this survey are available for all participating countries on Digital economy and society of Eurostat website.
Only aggregated data are transmitted to Eurostat (no micro-data are available). On the basis of aggregated data percentages (ratios) are calculated and disseminated.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not requested
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not requested
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Methodological Manual with European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises
At national level:
The Methodological manual used for the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is annually compiled by Eurostat in co-operation with the Task Force members of the Member States. Definitions and explanations can also be found in the Glossary of the annual Eurostat Model questionnaires.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not requested
10.7. Quality management - documentation
TurkStat produce statistics under Official Statistics Programme defined in Statistics Law of Turkey which apply to following principles.
In order to improve the quality of official statistics, statistics produced within the scope of Official Statistics Programme shall be prepared and implemented in accordance with the principles of reliability, consistency, impartiality, statistical confidentiality, timeliness and transparency.
The basic principles are as follows; ensuring the accuracy of official statistics, presenting the data to all users on the same time and on impartial base, respecting the principles of confidentiality and protecting the rights of the public to access the information.
All relevant information and methods used in producing official statistics shall be made public in order to allow the evaluation of the quality of official statistics and their compliance with the principles.
All institutions and organisations as well as their staff in charge of implementing the Programme are obliged to act in accordance with the provisions of this law or any further regulations that may be issued on the basis of it.
The European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires.
At national level :
The Methodological Manual provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys in the Member States. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires.
TurkStat Quality Assurance Framework (in Turkish) is attached.
At European level, the recommended use of the annual Eurostat model questionnaire aims at improving comparability of the results among the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Moreover, the European businesses statistics compilers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys.
At European level, European Commission users (e.g. DG CNECT, DG GROW, DG JUST, DG REGIO, DG JRC) are the principal users of the data on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises and contribute in identifying/defining the topics to be covered. Hence, main users are consulted regularly (at hearings, task forces, ad hoc meetings) for their needs and are involved in the process of the development of the model questionnaires at a very early stage.
User needs are considered throughout the whole discussion process of the model questionnaires aiming at providing relevant statistical data for monitoring and benchmarking of European policies.
National level :
Data needs are regularly discussed at Official Statistics Program (OSP) Working Groups as well as at Statistical Council Meetings. The purpose, duties and responsibilities of the OSP Working Groups are defined in the “Directive on Formation and Working Procedures of Official Statistics Program Working Groups”. User needs are evaluated, analyzed and reported annually.
Directive on Formation and Working Procedures of Official Statistics Program Working Groups (in Turkish) is attached.
The main users of the data include policymakers, government institutions, researchers, academia, private sector organizations, and international bodies. Their needs are regularly assessed and discussed within the framework of the Official Statistics Program (OSP) Working Groups and the Statistical Council Meetings to ensure the relevance and usability of the data.
At European level, contacts within the Commission, the OECD and other stakeholders give a clear picture about the key users' satisfaction as to the following data quality aspects: accuracy and reliability of results, timeliness, satisfactory accessibility, clarity and comparability over time and between countries, completeness and relevance. Overall users have evaluated positively (good, very good) the data quality on the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
National level :
TurkStat regularly conducts User Satisfaction Survey. The User Satisfaction Survey is not conducted solely for ICT statistics but covers all surveys and statistics produced by TurkStat. It records the requests from the users regularly and evaluates them to make a needs analysis. TurkStat acts in accordance with the "Internal Circular on the Evaluation and Prioritization of User Needs" prepared (in Turkish) for meeting the requests from national or international users, evaluating them in OSP working groups, and adding them to the program.
Internal Circular on the Evaluation and Prioritization of User Needs (in Turkish) is attached.
Detailed information is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions, regional data.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not requested
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset
These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates).
More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. Accuracy “ - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag.
13.2. Sampling error
For calculation of the standard error see 13.2.1.1.
Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Standard error (for selected indicators and breakdowns)
Precision measures related to variability due to sampling, unit non-response (the size of the subset of respondents is smaller than the size of the original sample) and other (imputation for item non-response, calibration etc.) are not (yet) required from the Member states for all indicators. Eurostat will make basic assumptions to compute these measures for all indicators produced (e.g. stratified random sampling assuming as strata the crossing of the variables “Number of employees and self-employed persons” and “Economic Activity” as it was defined in the 3 tables of section 18.1).
More detailed information is available in“ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ – worksheets starting with “Standard error".
Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
13.2.1.1. Sampling error indicator calculation
Calculation of the standard error
Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
a) Name and brief description of the applied estimation approach
Standard error is calculated by the module “survey means” under Sas 9.3 version. The standard error calculations under this module is based on Taylor Series Linearization method.
d)How has the stratification been taken into account?
The data were broken down by the following categories providing with the purpose of possible calculation of European NACE Rev.2 aggregates. Shortly, these cells has been taken into account as strata statement in the surveymeans procedure.
Strata
Activity group
Size Group
Total
10-49
50-249
250+
10-12
3a
13-15
3b
16-18
3c
19
4a
20
4b
21
4c
22-23
4d
26
6a
27
6b
28
6c
29-30
6d
31-33
6e
35
7a
36-39
7b
45
9a
46
9b
58-60
14a
61
14b
62-63
14c
69-71
16a
72
16b
73-75
16c
77-78 + 80-82
17a
79
17b
95.1
18a
Total
e)Which strata have been considered?
Activity group (aggregated level) and size classes
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not available
13.3.1. Coverage error
See concept 18.1.1. A) Description of frame population.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
No over-coverage
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested
13.3.2. Measurement error
No measurement errors detected.
13.3.3. Non response error
See detailed sections below.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
See detailed sub-concepts below.
13.3.3.1.1. Unit response
The following table contains the number of units (i.e. enterprises), by type of response to the survey and by the percentage of these values in relation to the gross sample size.
Type of response
Enterprises
0-9 (or 2-9) employees and self-employed persons
10 or more employees and self-employed persons
Number
%
Number
%
Gross sample size (as in section 3.1 C)
100%
15235
100%
1. Response (questionnaires returned by the enterprise)
15090
99%
1.1 Used for tabulation and grossing up (Net sample or Final Sample; as in section 3.1 D)
15090
99%
1.2 Not used for tabulation
0
1.2.1 Out of scope (deaths, misclassified originally in the target population, etc.)
0
1.2.2 Other reasons (e.g. unusable questionnaire)
0
2. Non-response (e.g. non returned mail, returned mail by post office)
145
1%
Comments on unit response, if unit response is below 60%
13.3.3.1.2. Methods used for minimizing unit non-response
According to Statistics Law Of Turkey (No. of the Law : 5429 ), Statistical units are obliged to submit to the Presidency all information or data completely, accurately and free of charge in the form, period and standards specified by the Presidency. Those who fail to submit the information requested by the Presidency or other institutions and organisations in specified form and time or submit incomplete or incorrect information, are first given a warning to submit information requested or cover gaps or correct mistakes within a period of one week. In case no information is submitted or no correction/supplement is made in spite of this warning, real persons or organs and representatives of private law legal entities concerned are imposed administrative fines. Imposition of administrative fines or other punitive measures do not remove of the statistical units’ obligation to provide information.
Apart from legal sanctions, different approaches are also used to reduce the non-response rate. Before the fieldwork, Invitation Letters and Leaflets are sent to the respondents: The Letters and Leaflets contain the following information:
The info about the institution and the survey (What we do)
The legal basis of the work (Why we do)
The info about how to fulfil the questionnaire (How we do)
Confidentiality of Information (Confidence)
The deadline of the survey (When)
The contact numbers of the Regional Offices (Where)
Respondent Information Module link for further information
Username and the passwords required for the enterprises to enter data
It is also used "Short Message Services (SMS)" and "Respondent Information Module" to inform the responders.
13.3.3.1.3. Methods used for unit non-response treatment
1. No treatment for unit non-response
2. Treatment by re-weighting
2.1 Re-weighting by the sampling design strata considering that non-response is ignorable inside each stratum (the naïve model)
x
2.2 Re-weighting by identified response homogeneity groups (created using sample-level information)
2.3 Re-weighting through calibration/post-stratification (performed using population information) by the groups used for calibration/post-stratification
3. Treatment by imputation (done distinctly for each variable/item)
4. Method(s) and the model(s) corresponding to the above or other method(s) used for the treatment of unit non-response. (e.g. Re-weighting using Horvitz-Thompson estimator, ratio estimator or regression estimator, auxiliary variables)
13.3.3.1.4. Assessment of unit non-response bias
To measure a possible unit non-response bias, response rates are compared between size classes and economic sectors.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
No item non-response in the survey. Respondents answer all questions that they have to reply.
13.3.3.2.1. Methods used for item non-response treatment
1. No treatment for item non-response
x
2. Deductive imputation An exact value can be derived as a known function of other characteristics.
3. Deterministic imputation (e.g. mean/median, mean/median by class, ratio-based, regression-based, single donor nearest-neighbour) Deterministic imputation leads to estimators with no random component, that is, if the imputation were to be re-conducted, the outcome would be the same.
4. Random imputation (e.g. hot-deck, cold-deck) Random imputation leads to estimators with a random component, that is, if the imputation were re-conducted, it would have led to a different result.
5. Re-weighting
6. Multiple imputation In multiple imputation each missing value is replaced (instead of a single value) with a set of plausible values that represent the uncertainty of the right value to impute. Multiple imputation methods offer the possibility of deriving variance estimators by taking imputation into account. The incorporation of imputation into the variance can be easily derived based on variability of estimates among the multiply imputed data sets.
7. Method(s) and the model(s) corresponding to the above or other method(s) used for the treatment of item non-response.
13.3.3.2.2. Questions or items with item response rates below 90% and other comments
Other comments relating to the item non-response
Additional issues concerning "item non-response" calculation (e.g. method used in national publications).
Not applicable
Questions and items with low response rates (cut-off value is 90%) and item non-response rate.
Not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
No processing errors were detected.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not requested
14.1. Timeliness
See detailed section in the Full metadata report.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Data are to be delivered to Eurostat in the fourth quarter of the reference year (due date for the finalised dataset is 5th October). European results are released before the end of the survey year or in the beginning of the year following the survey year (T=reference year, T+0 for indicators referring to the current year, T+12 months for other indicators referring to the previous year e.g. e-commerce).
At national level:
Data are published in September of the reference year.
14.2. Punctuality
See detailed section below.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
For data submission to Eurostat, attention is given to the target date.
Data were delivered to Eurostat on 4th October 2024, one day before the deadline.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data.
Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - worksheets related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions.
Comparability between regions:
The estimation level is the total for Turkiye.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“ – worksheets related to regional data.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
See detailed section in the Full metadata report.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and the variable considered within each survey module. Additional information is available in annexes attached to the European metadata.
There is no change made that may have an impact on the comparability over time of the results delivered to Eurostat.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not applicable
Restricted from publication
17.1. Data revision - policy
No data revision.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Not available
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not requested
18.1. Source data
A) Frame population description and distribution
For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method
Method of sampling : Stratified Random Sampling is used by taking into account of the economic activities (in accordance with NACE Rev.2) and enterprise size according to the number of employees. The size-classes used :
Sampling for 10-49 and 50-249 size groups, census for enterprises with 250+ persons employed.
C) Gross sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE)
18.1.1. Sampling design & Procedure frame
A) Description of frame population
a) When was the sample for the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprise survey drawn?
20 March 2024
b) Last update of the Business register that was used for drawing the sample of enterprises for the survey:
01 February 2024
c) Indication if the frame population is the same as, or is in some way coordinated with, the one used for the Structural Business Statistics (different snapshots):
It is largely consistent with the Structural Business Statistics for enterprises with 250+ employees. However, it is used the framework updated on a different date for Structural Business Statistics. Therefore, there are some differences between ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises and Structural Business Statistics.
d) Description if different frames are used during different stages of the statistical process (e.g. frame used for sampling vs. frame used for grossing up):
The sampling frame that was used for drawing the sample was also used for grossing up.
e) Indication the shortcomings in terms of timeliness (e.g. time lag between last update of the sampling frame and the moment of the actual sampling), geographical coverage, coverage of different subpopulations, data available etc., and any measures taken to correct it, for this survey.
From 2018 onwards, daily updated business register (BR) system has been established.
B) Frame population distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: FRAME POPULATION)
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
See detailed sections below.
18.3.1. Survey period
Survey / Collection
Date of sending out questionnaires
Date of reception of the last questionnaire treated
General survey
15 April 2024
07 June 2024
Micro-enterprises
Not included.
Not included.
18.3.2. Survey vehicle – general survey
General survey - Stand-alone survey
18.3.3. Survey vehicle – micro-enterprises
The collection of micro-enterprises was not integrated with the general survey
18.3.4. Survey type
Web survey
18.3.5. Survey participation
Mandatory
18.4. Data validation
Validation program was not used by the Turkstat and data transmitted via SDMX and validation was done by Eurostat. Time series comparisons was used by Turkstat.
All data are subject to internal validation team before publication and dissemination.
The criteria for validation are:
no inconsistencies between sub-data;
plausible evolution compared with last year data;
plausible data compared with administrative records.
18.5. Data compilation
Grossing-up procedures
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
There is no imputation.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
Problems encountered and lessons to be learnt:
19.1. Documents
Questionnaire in national language
X
Questionnaire in English (if available)
X
National reports on methodology (if available)
Analysis of key results, backed up by tables and graphs in English (if available)
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises.
The legal basis for ICT enterprise statistics for survey year 2024 is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1507 of 20 July 2023 laying down the technical specifications of data requirements for the topic 'ICT usage and e-commerce' for the reference year 2024. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age.
Furthermore, ICT data facilitate the monitoring of the EU’s digital targets for 2030, set by the Digital Decade Policy Programme. Four of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of the current programme stem from the statistics for which the implementing and delegated acts are enclosed for adoption: Artificial Intelligence, cloud, big data (data analytics) and the digital intensity index for businesses (DII) - a composite indicator reflecting the digital transformation of business. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
Survey on ICT Usage and e-Commerce in Enterprises, 2024
The characteristics to be provided are drawn from the following list of subjects:
ICT systems and their usage in enterprises,
use of the internet and other electronic networks by enterprises,
e-commerce,
e-business processes and organisational aspects,
ICT competence in the enterprise and the need for ICT skills,
barriers to the use of ICT, the internet and other electronic networks, e-commerce and e-business processes,
ICT security and trust,
access to and use of the internet and other network technologies for connecting objects and devices (Internet of Things),
access to and use of technologies providing the ability to connect to the internet or other networks from anywhere at any time (ubiquitous connectivity),
use of big data analysis,
use of 3D printing,
use of robotics,
use of Artificial Intelligence,
use of cloud computing,
ICT and the environment,
meetings via the internet,
remote access,
invoicing.
Breakdowns:
by size class,
by NACE Rev 2 categories,
by region (until 2010)
25 March 2025
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following topics:
Access to and use of the Internet
E-commerce and e-business
ICT specialists and skills
ICT security
Artificial Intelligence.
The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey.
The statistical unit is the enterprise.
Target Population
As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons are covered by the survey.
For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“.
All territory of Türkiye
In general, data refer to the current situation in the survey period, or where specified in the model questionnaire to the calendar year prior to the survey period (e.g. for questions relating to e-commerce).
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset
These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates).
More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. Accuracy “ - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag.
Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons.
Grossing-up procedures
A) Frame population description and distribution
For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method
Method of sampling : Stratified Random Sampling is used by taking into account of the economic activities (in accordance with NACE Rev.2) and enterprise size according to the number of employees. The size-classes used :
Sampling for 10-49 and 50-249 size groups, census for enterprises with 250+ persons employed.
C) Gross sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution
More detailed information is available in “ Annex III. Sample and standard error tables 2024 “ (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE)
Annual
See detailed section in the Full metadata report.
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data.
Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I. Completeness “ - worksheets related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions.
Comparability between regions:
The estimation level is the total for Turkiye.
Detailed information on the provision of data on NUTS 2 regional level is available in “Annex I. Completeness“ – worksheets related to regional data.
