Annexes

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Units, abbreviations and acronyms

Measurement units or scalars

%: per cent

CO2-equivalents: carbon dioxide equivalents

DWT: deadweight tonnes

EUR: euro

GWh: gigawatt-hour

kg: kilogram

km: kilometre

km²: square kilometre

m³: cubic metre

MWh: megawatt-hour

ODP tonnes: tonnes based on ozone depleting potential

passenger-km: passenger-kilometre

point: percentage point

toe: tonne of oil equivalent

tonne-km: tonne-kilometre

USD: United States dollar

Geographical acronyms

EA: Euro area

EA-19: Euro area of 19 Member States

EFTA: European Free Trade Association

EU: European Union

EU-27: European Union of 27 Member States (from 1 February 2020)

G20: Group of Twenty

G7: Group of Seven

Other abbreviations and acronyms

ACI: Airports Council International

AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome

CO2 : carbon dioxide

DAC: Development Assistance Committee

ECB: European Central Bank

ENP: European neighbourhood policy

ESS: European statistical system

Eurostat: statistical office of the European Union

FDI: foreign direct investment

GDP: gross domestic product

GERD: gross domestic expenditure on research and development

GNI: gross national income

HCFC: hydrochlorofluorocarbons

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus infection

ICJ: International Court of Justice

IMF: International Monetary Fund

ISCED: International standard classification of education

ISIC: International standard industrial classification of all economic activities

NEETs: (young people) not in employment, education or training

ODA: official development assistance

ODS: ozone depleting substances

OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PDF: portable document format

PPP: purchasing power parities

R & D: research and development

Rev.: revision

SME: small and medium-sized enterprise

UIC: International Union of Railways

UN: United Nations

UNFCC: United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNSCR: United Nations Security Council resolution

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Data sources

Organisation Data source(s)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics;
World Economic Outlook database; International Financial Statistics
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) OECD.StatExtracts; Development finance data; Education at a Glance; Environment; FDI stocks; Green growth indicators; Health care resources; Income distribution and poverty; International transport forum; Labour force statistics; Main Economic Indicators; Non-medical determinants of health; SDBS structural business statistics; Social expenditure database
The United Nations (UN) and its agencies
  • The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations
 FAOSTAT; Global Catch Production; Global Aquaculture Production
  • The International Labour Organisation (ILO)
 ILOSTAT
  • The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
 Main website
  • The United Nations
 Comtrade
  • The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
 Maritime transport
  • The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)
 Analysis of Main Aggregates; Demographic Statistics; Demographic and Social Statistics; National Accounts Official Country Data; Energy Balances; Energy Statistics Yearbook; World Population Prospects; The World’s Cities in 2018 — Data Booklet
  • The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 UIS: Science & Technology; UIS: Education
  • The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
 Ozone Secretariat
  • The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
 Main website
  • The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
 Population Statistics
  • The World Health Organisation (WHO)
 Global Health Observatory
The World Bank World DataBank: Health Nutrition and Population Statistics; Poverty and Equity Database; World Development Indicators
To complement these official statistical sources, the World annual traffic report of the Airports Council International (ACI) has been used for air transport statistics.
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List of figures

Map 1.1: World population, 2018
Map 1.2: Projected world population, 2100
Figure 1.1: Population and population density, 2018
Figure 1.2: Median age, projections for 2020
Figure 1.3: Age pyramids, 2008 and 2018
Figure 1.4: Young-age dependency ratio, 1968, 2018 and 2068
Figure 1.5: Old-age dependency ratio, 1968, 2018 and 2068
Figure 1.6: Urban population, 2018
Figure 1.7: Top 30 global urban agglomerations, 2018
Figure 1.8: Fertility rate and projected median age of the population, 2017 and 2020
Figure 1.9: Natural population change, 2017
Figure 1.10: Flows of asylum seekers and refugees, first half 2018
Figure 2.1: Current healthcare expenditure, 2016
Figure 2.2: Current healthcare expenditure and GDP, 2016
Figure 2.3: Life expectancy at birth, 2017
Figure 2.4: Healthy life expectancy at birth, 2016
Figure 2.5: Maternal mortality ratio, 2000 and 2017
Figure 2.6: Infant mortality rate, 2013 and 2018
Figure 2.7: Healthcare personnel, 2017
Figure 2.8: Average annual alcohol consumption, 2016
Figure 2.9: Daily smokers, 2017
Figure 2.10: Overweight, 2016
Figure 3.1: Public expenditure on education, 2006 and 2016
Figure 3.2: Pupil-teacher ratios in education, 2017
Figure 3.3: Primary education net enrolment ratio, 2017
Figure 3.4: Educational attainment, 2018
Figure 3.5: Persons not in employment, education or training, 2018
Figure 4.1: Employment rate of persons aged 15‑64 years, 2018
Figure 4.2: Employment rate of persons aged 55‑64 years, 2018
Figure 4.3: Employment rate of persons aged 25‑64 years, by education level, 2018
Figure 4.4: Temporary employment, 2018
Figure 4.5: Unemployment rate of persons aged 15 years and over, 2018
Figure 4.6: Unemployment rate of persons aged 15 years and over, by education level, 2018
Figure 4.7: Long-term unemployment, persons aged 15 years and over, 2018
Figure 4.8: Youth (persons aged 15‑24 years) unemployment rate, 2018
Figure 5.1: Households by the number of household members
Figure 5.2: Types of households, 2010
Figure 5.3: Public expenditure on social protection, 2007 and 2017
Figure 5.4: Income quintile shares, 2017
Figure 5.5: Gini coefficient, 2017
Figure 5.6: Poverty rate, 2017
Figure 5.7: Household consumption expenditure by category, 2018
Figure 5.7 (continued): Household consumption expenditure by category, 2018
Figure 6.1: Fixed broadband subscriptions, 2008 and 2018
Figure 6.2: Individuals using the internet within the previous three months, 2008 and 2018
Map 7.1: World GDP
Figure 7.1: Real change in GDP, 2008‑2018
Figure 7.2: GNI per inhabitant and annual average real rate of change of GNI per inhabitant,
Figure 7.3: General government expenditure and GDP, 2018
Figure 7.4: General government deficit/surplus and debt, 2018
Figure 7.5: Consumer price indices, 2008‑2018
Figure 7.6: Lending interest rates — rate for short and medium-term financing needs of the private sector, 2008 and 2018
Figure 7.7: Stocks of foreign direct investment, 2018
Map 7.2: World stocks of foreign direct investment, 2017
Figure 7.8: Official development assistance net disbursements relative to gross national income, 2017
Figure 7.9: Official development assistance, 2017
Map 8.1: World trade in goods, 2018
Map 8.2: World trade in services, 2018
Figure 8.1: International trade in goods, 2008 and 2018
Figure 8.2: EU‑27 trade in goods with G20 partners, 2018
Figure 8.3: EU‑27 as the destination of exports of goods from G20 partners, 2008 and 2018
Figure 8.4: EU‑27 as the origin of imports of goods into G20 partners, 2008 and 2018
Figure 8.5: International trade in services, 2008 and 2018
Figure 8.6: EU‑27 trade in services with G20 partners, 2018
Figure 8.7: EU‑27 exports of services to G20 partners, 2013 and 2018
Figure 8.8: EU‑27 imports of services from G20 partners, 2013 and 2018
Figure 9.1: EU‑27 exports of services to G20 partners, 2013 and 2018
Figure 9.2: EU‑27 imports of services from G20 partners, 2013 and 2018
Figure 9.3: Industrial production index, 2006‑2018
Figure 9.4: Industrial producer price index (domestic), 2007‑2019
Map 9.1: International tourist arrivals at frontiers, 2017
Figure 9.5: International tourist arrivals at frontiers, 2007 and 2017
Map 9.2: International tourism receipts, 2017
Figure 9.6: International tourism receipts, 2007 and 2017
Figure 10.1: Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, 2017
Figure 10.2: Source of funds for gross domestic expenditure on research and development, 2017
Figure 10.3: Research and development personnel, 2007 and 2017
Figure 10.4: Research and development personnel by sector of performance, 2017
Figure 11.1: Number of air passengers carried, 2008 and 2018
Figure 11.2: Top 20 airports for passengers, 2017
Figure 11.3: Merchant fleet by flag of registration, 2019
Figure 11.4: Number of arrivals of vessels in ports, 2018
Figure 11.5: Road freight transport, 2008 and 2018
Figure 11.6: Road traffic deaths, 2016
Figure 11.7: Rail passenger transport, 2008 and 2018
Figure 11.8: Rail freight transport, 2008 and 2018
Map 12.1: World primary production of energy, 2017
Figure 12.1: Primary production by energy type, 2017
Figure 12.2: Energy imports and exports, 20177
Figure 12.3: Gross imports by type of energy, 2017
Figure 12.4: Main origins of extra-EU imports, EU‑27, 2018
Map 12.2: World total energy supply, 2017
Figure 12.5: Total energy supply by type of energy, 2017
Figure 12.6: Net imports/exports relative to total energy supply, 2012 and 2017
Figure 12.7: Energy intensity, 2017
Map 12.3: World gross electricity generation, 2017
Figure 12.8: Gross electricity generation by source, 2017
Figure 12.9: Gross electricity generation and GDP per inhabitant, 2017
Figure 13.1: Environment related taxes, 2018
Figure 13.2: Environment related taxes and GDP, 2018
Figure 13.3: World greenhouse gas emissions, 2012
Figure 13.4: Change in greenhouse gas emissions, since 1990
Figure 13.5: Greenhouse gas emissions, by sector, 2017
Figure 13.6: Carbon dioxide emissions, 2007 and 2017
Figure 13.7: Air pollution — consumption of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), 2008 and 2018
Figure 13.8: Municipal waste generation, 2007 and 2017
Figure 13.9: Municipal waste treatment, 2017
Figure 14.1: Agricultural and forest area, 2017
Figure 14.2: Employment in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, 2018
Figure 14.3: World production of selected crops, 2018
Figure 14.4: World production of meat and milk, 2018
Figure 14.5: Meat and milk production, 2018
Figure 14.6: Annual average change in forest area, 1990‑2015
Figure 14.7: Production of roundwood and sawnwood, 2018
Figure 14.8: Fish catch, 2007 and 2017
Figure 14.9: Aquaculture production, 2007 and 2017
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Abstract

This publication provides a statistical portrait of the European Union in relation to the other major economies of the world, namely, all members of the G20. It complements information found in two of Eurostat’s flagship publications, Key figures on Europe and the Regional yearbook, as well as the hundreds of articles available from Eurostat’s Statistics Explained web portal. The EU in the world 2020 may be viewed as an introduction to European and international statistics and provides a starting point for those who wish to explore the wide range of data that are freely available from a variety of international organisations and on Eurostat’s website at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Editorial team

Helene Strandell and Pascal Wolff (Eurostat, Unit B4 — Dissemination and user support)

Acknowledgments

The editorial team would like to thank their colleagues who were closely involved in the publication’s preparation.

 

Copyright notice

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021

© European Union, 2021

The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented based on Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39).

Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.

For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective rightholders.

HTML ISBN 978-92-76-21615-5 ISSN 2315-1889 doi:10.2785/219806 KS-EX-20-001-EN-Q
PDF ISBN 978-92-76-15703-8 ISSN 2315-1889 doi:10.2785/932944 KS-EX-20-001-EN-N
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