A paper, produced by RAN Practitioners in October 2021, ‘Lone Actors in Digital Environments’, provides an overview of digital environments that facilitate the development of lone actors. The paper concludes that online structures and subcultural milieus could be equally important for inspiring violence as connections to groups in the physical world. It suggests that in order to understand this emerging trend, it is important to recognise the online communities that VRWE use to produce a sense of belonging, spread dehumanising propaganda and promote acts of violence.