With around 355.000 cross-border workers commuting every day, France has the highest rate of cross-border commuters in Europe, followed by Switzerland (170.300 people), Luxembourg (70.300), Germany (46.000) and Belgium (37.800). The flow of commuters has a major impact in the French cross-border regions as it can represent up to one third of employees who cross the border every day to work in France, raising challenges related in particular to the set-up of infrastructures and services.

In a recent study, CEGT (Commissariat Général à l'égalité des territoires) provides the analysis of the dynamics of cross-border employment in Europe and France with a view to measuring the "exchange potential" between two border regions. The study focuses in particular on the border areas shared by France and the 5 neighbouring countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland and Monaco) where the highest rate of daily commuters are registered. It also provides an analysis of the sociological impact that cross-border employment has on different border areas which varies a lot according to the type of employment available and the level of professional qualifications required on the other side of the border.