Archive:Accommodation statistics - NACE Rev. 2
- Data from April 2012. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for the accommodation services sector in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 55.
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_1a_se_r2)
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Main statistical findings
Structural profile
There were 264 thousand enterprises operating in the EU-27 in 2009 with accommodation services (Division 55) as their main activity. Together they employed 2.3 million persons, which was equivalent to 1.7 % of the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) workforce or almost one quarter (23.2 %) of the persons working in accommodation and food services (Section I). Accommodation services generated EUR 61 805 million of value added which was 1.1 % of the non-financial business economy total or one third (33.1 %) of the accommodation and food services added value, suggesting that the apparent labour productivity of the accommodation services sector was somewhat higher than that recorded for food and beverage services.
Apparent labour productivity of the EU-27's accommodation services sector in 2009 was EUR 27 thousand per person employed, which was considerably below the non-financial business economy average of EUR 41.6 thousand per person employed. This relatively low level of apparent labour productivity was, at least in part, linked to a high propensity for part-time work. The accommodation services sector had the tenth lowest level of apparent labour productivity among the NACE divisions that make-up the non-financial business economy.
Alongside relatively low apparent labour productivity, average personnel costs for the EU-27’s accommodation services sector were also well below the non-financial business economy average: EUR 19.7 thousand per employee for accommodation services compared with an average of EUR 30.0 thousand per employee. As such, the EU-27’s accommodation services sector had the seventh lowest level of average personnel costs per employee across all of the NACE divisions in the non-financial business economy. Again this ratio is influenced to some extent by the high incidence of part-time employment in this sector.
The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio combines the two previous indicators and shows the extent to which value added per person employed covers average personnel costs per employee. As the divergence between apparent labour productivity and average personnel costs of the accommodation services sector and the non-financial business economy was of almost the same magnitude, the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the EU-27’s accommodation services sector in 2009 was, at 135.5 %, almost identical to the non-financial business economy average (138.8 %).
The gross operating rate (which measures the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover) is one measure of operating profitability; it stood at 16.1 % for the EU-27’s accommodation services sector in 2009, around 1.7 times as high as the non-financial business economy average of 9.7 %.
Sectoral analysis
The accommodation services sector in the EU-27 is dominated by the hotels and similar accommodation subsector (Group 55.1), which accounted for 84.3 % of sectoral value added in 2009 and for 84.1 % of the sectoral workforce. There were just over 150 thousand enterprises in the EU-27 that reported hotels and similar establishments as their principal activity in 2009. Together they employed almost two million persons and generated around EUR 52 100 million of added value.
The next largest subsector, in terms of value added and employment, was that of holiday and other short-stay accommodation (Group 55.2), which accounted for 10.4 % of the accommodation services workforce and for 8.7 % of sectoral value added. Camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks (Group 55.3) employed 85 900 persons across the EU-27 (some 3.7 % of the accommodation services total), while generating 5.4 % of sectoral value added. The smallest activity (on the basis of a comparison of persons employed or value added) was the miscellaneous category of other accommodation (Group 55.4) which accounted for less than 2 % of the accommodation services workforce and value added.
The relatively low level of EU-27 apparent labour productivity for the whole of the accommodation services sector (EUR 27 thousand per person employed in 2009) was repeated for three of the four subsectors. The camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks subsector was the exception to this rule, as apparent labour productivity reached EUR 39 thousand per person employed, close to the non-financial business economy average (EUR 41.6 thousand per person employed).
Each of the four subsectors within the accommodation services sector recorded relatively low levels of average personnel costs in 2009, ranging from a high of EUR 21.7 thousand per employee for the EU-27’s camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks subsector to EUR 18.0 thousand per employee for holiday and other short-stay accommodation. As such, all four subsectors recorded average personnel costs that were well below the non-financial business economy average of EUR 30 thousand per employee.
With relatively low apparent labour productivity and average personnel costs cancelling each other out, EU-27 wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for three of the four accommodation services subsectors were not particularly far from the non-financial business economy average of 138.8 % in 2009, ranging from a high of 135.1 % for both the hotels and similar accommodation subsector and the other accommodation subsector, to a low of 123.4 % for the holiday and other short-stay accommodation subsector. In contrast, the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks was considerably higher (178.9 %) than the non-financial business economy average, influenced by a somewhat higher level of apparent labour productivity.
In contrast to the productivity measures, the four subsectors within the EU-27’s accommodation services sector consistently recorded higher than average gross operating rates in 2009. This measure of operating profitability peaked at 24.7 % for camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks, while the lowest gross operating rate was registered for hotels and similar accommodation (15.3 %). Nevertheless, even this rate was more than 50 % above the non-financial business economy average of 9.7 %.
Country analysis
The largest contribution to EU-27 value added within the accommodation services sector in 2009 was made by Germany (18.1 % of the total). The next highest share of value added was registered by the United Kingdom (16.0 %), while France (13.4 %), Spain (13.3 %) and Italy (12.9 %) had very similar levels of added value; after these Member States there was no other country with a double-digit share of EU-27 value added for accommodation services, the next highest share being 5.8 % for Austria. Nevertheless, the 0.7 % share of EU-27 value added recorded for Cyprus within the accommodation services sector was the highest Cypriot share for any of the non-financial business economy NACE divisions (with data available) in 2009.
In employment terms, the relative importance of Germany was higher, accounting for 22.1 % of the EU-27’s workforce within the accommodation services sector in 2009, considerably above the second ranked Member State, the United Kingdom (15.7 %).
At a more disaggregated level, Germany also had the highest share (18.8 %) of EU-27 value added for hotels and similar accommodation, whereas Italy had the highest share (19.9 %) of EU-27 added value for the holiday and other short-stay accommodation subsector, and the United Kingdom (32.7 %) for camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks.
Cyprus was by far the most specialised Member State within the accommodation services sector in 2009, as 5.1 % of Cypriot non-financial business economy value added was generated in this sector. The relative specialisation of Cyprus in accommodation services was 4.6 times as high as the EU-27 average, while Austria was the only other Member State to report that the contribution of the accommodation services sector to non-financial business economy value added was at least twice as high as the EU-27 average; no recent data are available for Greece or Malta, although both of these Member States are known to be specialised in the accommodation services sector. Furthermore, although its relative importance was not so high in value added terms, Ireland reported a relatively high degree of specialisation for the accommodation services sector in terms of employment, as this sector occupied some 4.2 % of the non-financial business economy workforce (the second highest share behind Cyprus, 6.6 %).
Looking in more detail, Cyprus also recorded the highest specialisation ratios for the hotels and similar accommodation subsector and for the holiday and other short-stay accommodation subsector, while the United Kingdom was the most specialised Member State for camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks.
There were quite small differences in the respective wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios of the Member States for the accommodation services sector in 2009. This ratio ranged from highs of 196.8 % in Romania and 182.3 % in Bulgaria to lows of 102.0 % in Ireland and 101.3 % in Estonia; the United Kingdom and Cyprus also recorded relatively high ratios (178.6 % and 153.4 %).
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) which are disseminated annually. The series provides information for each Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the accommodation services sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 55. The provision of hotels and similar accommodation, holiday and other collective accommodation and recreational vehicle parks, trailer parks and camping grounds includes accommodation typically provided for short stays by visitors.
Hotels and similar accommodation are provided as furnished accommodation in guest rooms and suites, sometimes with kitchenettes; cleaning and bed-making services are generally offered as well as additional services, for example food and beverage services, spa or sports facilities, parking and laundry services. This type of accommodation is provided by: hotels, resort hotels, suite/apartment hotels and motels.
Holiday and other collective accommodation is made-up of self-contained space consisting of complete furnished rooms or areas for living/dining and sleeping, with cooking facilities or fully-equipped kitchens. This type of accommodation is provided through: apartments or flats in small free-standing multi-storied buildings or clusters of buildings, or single storied bungalows, chalets, cottages and cabins. Generally this type of accommodation service provides minimal, if any, complementary services.
The other accommodation subsector includes the provision of temporary or longer-term accommodation in single or shared rooms or dormitories for students, migrant (seasonal) workers and other individuals. This type of accommodation is provided through: student residences, school dormitories, hostels, rooming and boarding houses, or railway sleeping cars.
This NACE division is composed of four separate groups:
- hotels and similar accommodation (Group 55.1);
- holiday and other collective accommodation (Group 55.2);
- recreational vehicle parks, trailer parks and camping grounds (Group 55.3);
- other accommodation (Group 55.9).
The information presented in this article excludes activities related to the provision of long-term primary residences in facilities such as apartments (typically leased on a monthly or annual basis); these are classified as part of real estate activities (Division 68).
Further Eurostat information
Publications
Main tables
Database
- SBS – services (sbs_serv)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbs_na_serv)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for services (NACE Rev.2 H-N and S95) (sbs_na_1a_se_r2)
- Preliminary results on services, main indicators (NACE Rev.2) (sbs_sc_r2preli)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size classes - services (sbs_sc_sc)
- Services broken down by employment size classes (NACE Rev.2 H-N and S95) (sbs_sc_1b_se_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbs_na_serv)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev.2, from 2008 onwards (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables, figures and maps (MS Excel)
Other information
- Regulation 58/1997 of 20 December 1996 concerning structural business statistics
- Decision 2367/2002/EC of 16 December 2002 on the Community statistical programme 2003 to 2007
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics