Statistics Explained

Archive:Energy, transport and environment - statistics on three closely related domains

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Energy supply and use is of fundamental importance to society. However, energy production and consumption in all sectors of the economy has environmental impacts with transport, being recognised as one of the major sectors affecting the environment. Transportation is accounting for a big share of the energy spent for carrying out and maintaining the range and scope of human activities. The use of the internal combustion engine has facilitated the efficient movement of freight and passengers and prompted the development of a world trade network. Nevertheless, there are environmental aspects linked to transportation and these include atmospheric and noise pollution, land take, resource use and the effects of waste disposal. The largest impacts come from fuel use by transport, but the effects from development and construction of infrastructure and vehicles, as well as the waste from their disposal, add to the environmental costs of transport.

This article provides one of many examples of how transport, energy and the environment are interlinked in everyday human activities. It discusses our societal needs for transport and how they relate to the economy; the demand in energy in order to cover these needs; some impacts of transport and energy demand on the environment; and the policies that the European Union has put in place in order to develop clean energy technologies and a resource-efficient transport system that will benefit the environment and our well-being.


Figure 1: Volume of passenger and freight transport relative to GDP, 2000-2015, Index (2005 = 100)
Source: Eurostat (trans_hv_pstra)


Figure 2: Modal split of inland passenger transport, 2015 (% of total inland passenger-km)
Source: Eurostat (trans_hv_psmod)


Table 1: Freight transport performance in the EU-28 (million tkm, adjusted for territoriality)
Source: Eurostat (rail_go_typeall) (rail), (iww_go_atygo) (inland waterways), (road_go_ta_tot) (national road transport) (road_go_ca_c) (road cabotage transport) and Eurostat computations (international road transport, air and maritime transport)


Figure 3: Final energy consumption, EU-28, 2015 (% of total, based on tonnes of oil equivalent)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_100a)


Figure 4: Energy consumption by transport mode, EU-28, 1990-2015 (1990 = 100, based on tonnes of oil equivalent)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_100a)


Figure 5: Use of fuels in transport, EU-28, 1990 and 2015
Source: Eurostat (nrg_110a)


Figure 6: Share of renewable energy sources in transport, 2005 and 2015 (%)
Source: Eurostat (nrg_ind_335a)


[[Image:Consumer prices of petroleum products, EU, 2005–15 (¹) (EUR per litre).png|thumb|right|350px|Figure 7: Consumer prices of petroleum products, EU, 2005–15 (¹) (EUR per litre)
Source: Oil bulletin, Directorate-General for Energy, European Commission]


Figure 8: Greenhouse gas emissions, analysis by source sector, EU-28, 1990 and 2015 (Percentage of total)
Source: Eurostat (env_air_gge), European Environment Agency


Figure 9: Greenhouse gas emissions of transport, EU-28, 1990-2014 (million tonnes of CO2 equivalent))
Source: EEA, republished by Eurostat (env_air_gge)


Figure 10: Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, EU-28, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 (million tonnes of CO2 equivalent)
Source: European Environment Agency, Eurostat ({{{code}}})








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