Archive:SDG 9 - Industry, innovation and infrastructure (statistical annex)

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation (statistical annex)

Data extracted in May 2019.

Planned article update: June 2020.

Highlights

EU trend of SDG 9 on industry, innovation and infrastructure

This article provides an overview of statistical data on SDG 9 ‘Industry, innovation and infrastructure’ in the European Union (EU). It is based on the set of EU SDG indicators for monitoring of progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in an EU context.

This article is part of a set of statistical articles, which are based on the Eurostat publication ’Sustainable development in the European Union — Monitoring report - 2019 edition’. This report is the third edition of Eurostat’s series of monitoring reports on sustainable development, which provide a quantitative assessment of progress of the EU towards the SDGs in an EU context.

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Table 1: Indicators measuring progress towards SDG 9, EU-28
Table 2: Explanation of symbols for indicating progress towards SD objectives and targets

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D

This indicator measures gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP) — the R&D intensity. The Frascati Manual defines research and development (R&D) as creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge — including knowledge of humankind, culture and society — and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

Figure 1: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, EU-28, 2000-2017 (% of GDP)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_10)

Table 3: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a share of GDP, EU
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_10)

Figure 2: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, by country, 2012 and 2017 (% of GDP)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_10)

Figure 3: Public and private gross domestic expenditure on R&D, by country, 2017 (% of GDP)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_10)

Employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services

This indicator measures the employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors and in knowledge-intensive service sectors as a share of total employment. Data stem from the European Labour Force Survey (LFS). The definition of high- and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors and of knowledge-intensive services is based on a selection of relevant items of the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) Rev. 2 at 2-digit level and is oriented on the ratio of highly qualified working in these areas.

Figure 4: Employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, EU-28, 2008-2018 (% of total employment)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_20)

Table 4: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the share of employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, EU
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_20)

Figure 5: Employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, by country, 2013 and 2018 (% of total employment)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_20)

R&D personnel

This indicator measures the share of R&D personnel broken down by the following institutional sectors: business enterprise, government, higher education and private non-profit. Data are presented in full-time equivalents as a share of the economically active population (the labour force).

Figure 6: R&D personnel, EU-28, 2002-2017 (% of active population)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_30)

Table 5: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the share of R&D personnel, EU
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_30)

Figure 7: R&D personnel, by country, 2012 and 2017 (% of active population)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_30)

Patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO)

This indicator measures the requests for protection of an invention directed either directly to the European Patent Office (EPO) or filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty and designating to the EPO (Euro-PCT), regardless of whether they are granted or not. The data shows the total number of patent applications per country. If one application to the EPO has more than one inventor, the application is divided equally among all of them and subsequently among their countries of residence, thus avoiding double counting. Euro-PCT applications are allocated according to the nationality of the first listed applicant.

Figure 8: Patent applications to the European Patent Office, EU-28, 2000-2017 (number)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_40)

Table 6: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO), EU
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_40)

Figure 9: Patent applications to the European Patent Office, by country, 2012 and 2017 (per million inhabitants)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_40)

Share of buses and trains in total passenger transport

This indicator measures the share of buses, including coaches and trolley-buses, and trains in total passenger transport,expressed in passenger-kilometres (pkm). Total passenger transport here includes transport by passenger cars, buses and coaches, and trains, but excludes air and sea transport. All data should be based on movements within national territories, regardless of the nationality of the vehicle. The data collection is voluntary and not fully harmonised at the EU level. Other collective transport modes, such as tram and metro systems, are not included due to the lack of harmonised data.

Figure 10: Share of buses and trains in total passenger transport, EU-28, 2000-2016 (% of total inland passenger-km)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_50)

Table 7: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the share of buses and trains in total passenger transport, EU
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_50)

Figure 11: Share of buses and trains in total passenger transport, by country, 2011 and 2016 (% of total inland passenger-km)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_50)

Share of rail and inland waterways in total freight transport

This indicator measures the share of rail and inland waterways in total inland freight transport, expressed in tonne-kilometres (tkm). Inland freight transport modes include road, rail and inland waterways. All data are based on movements on national territory; rail and inland waterways transport are collected based on movements on national territory, regardless of the nationality of the train or vessel. Road transport is redistributed to the national territory on the basis of reported data on the activity of the vehicles registered in each country and modelling the likely journey itinerary by projecting it on the European road network. Neither sea nor air freight transport are currently represented in the indicator.

Figure 12: Share of rail and inland waterways activity in total freight transport, EU-28, 2005-2017 (% of total inland freight tonne-km)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_60)

Table 8: Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the share of rail and inland waterways in total freight transport, EU
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_60)

Figure 13: Share of rail and inland waterways activity in total freight transport, by country, 2012 and 2017 (% of total inland freight tonne-km)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_09_60)