Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

E2: Environmental statistics and accounts; sustainable development

e-mail contact : ESTAT-SDG-MONITORING@ec.europa.eu

The indicator is part of the EU Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator set. It is used to monitor progress towards SDG 1 on ending poverty in all its forms everywhere, which is embedded in the European Commission’s Priorities under 'An Economy that works for people'.

SDG 1 calls for an eradication of extreme poverty and for a reduction of relative poverty by 2030. It envisions shared prosperity, a basic standard of living and social protection benefits for people everywhere, including the poorest and most vulnerable.

Furthermore, the indicator is included as a secondary indicator in the Social Scoreboard for the European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan, and is part of the multidimensional poverty index. It can be considered as part of the global SDG indicator 1.2.2 "Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions".

Poverty and social exclusion harm individual lives and limit the opportunities for people to achieve their full potential by affecting their health and well-being and lowering educational outcomes. This, in turn, reduces opportunities to lead a successful life and further increases the risk of poverty. Without effective education, health, social, tax benefit and employment systems, the risk of poverty is passed on from one generation to the next. This causes poverty to persist and hence creates more inequality, which can lead to long-term loss of economic productivity from whole groups of society and hamper inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

The severe material and social deprivation rate (SMSD) is an EU-SILC indicator that shows an enforced lack of necessary and desirable items to lead an adequate life. The indicator, adopted by the Indicators' Sub-Group (ISG) of the Social Protection Committee (SPC), distinguishes between individuals who cannot afford a certain good, service or social activities. It is defined as the proportion of the population experiencing an enforced lack of at least 7 out of 13 deprivation items (6 related to the individual and 7 related to the household).

List of items at household level:

• Capacity to face unexpected expenses
• Capacity to afford paying for one week annual holiday away from home
• Capacity to being confronted with payment arrears (on mortgage or rental payments, utility bills, hire purchase instalments or other loan payments)
• Capacity to afford a meal with meat, chicken, fish or vegetarian equivalent every second day
• Ability to keep home adequately
• Have access to a car/van for personal use
• Replacing worn-out furniture

List of items at individual level:

• Having internet connection
• Replacing worn-out clothes by some new ones
• Having two pairs of properly fitting shoes (including a pair of all-weather shoes)
• Spending a small amount of money each week on him/herself
• Having regular leisure activities
• Getting together with friends/family for a drink/meal at least once a month

The SMSD indicator is part of the at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate defined in the framework of the EU 2030 target on poverty and social exclusion.

% of population and thousand persons

i. total

ii. less than 18 years

Calendar year.

From 2021 Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 foresees the requirements relating to geographical coverage, detailed sample characteristics, including subsampling, in accordance with Annex III, common data gathering periods, common standards for editing and imputation, weighting, estimation and variance estimation.

Before 2021 onwards EU-SILC is based on a common framework defined by harmonised lists of primary and secondary variables, common concepts, a recommended design, common requirements (such as imputation procedures, weighting, sampling errors calculation) and classifications aiming at maximising comparability of the information produced. Details can be found in the metadata of the source datasets (see link to related metadata Income and living conditions (ilc) (europa.eu)).

ESS (SILC)

Data source: Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC).

Data provider: Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), based on data reported by the countries.

Every year

Indicator is updated annually in November. Complete and updated ESS data release information can be accessed via Eurostat release calendar.

T+1 year

New data points are disseminated within one year after the reference year.

All EU MS

Data are presented for all EU Member States plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, North Macedonia, Serbia and Türkiye.

All EU MS

Data are comparable between all EU Member States respectively other presented countries.

5 to 10 years

Presented time series (including EU aggregates) starts in 2015.

> 4 data points

Length of comparable time series without methodological break is longer than 4 data points.

Analysis of indicator is presented in Eurostat's annual monitoring report on Sustainable development in the EU (progress towards SDGs in the EU context).

See table  sdg_01_31

Eurostat dedicated section on SDGs http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/overview.

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