Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Data collection on asylum statistics contains statistical information based on the Article 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection.
Asylum applications:
Asylum, first time and subsequent applicants by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Persons subject of asylum applications pending at the end of month by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Asylum applications withdrawn by citizenship, age, sex and type of withdrawal (also for unaccompanied minors);
Asylum applicants having had their applications processed under the accelerated procedure by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Applicants having benefited from material reception conditions at the end of the reference year;
Asylum applicants considered to be unaccompanied minors by citizenship, age and sex.
Decisions on asylum applications:
First instance decisions on applications by citizenship, age, sex and type of decision (also for unaccompanied minors);
Decisions withdrawing status granted at first instance decision by citizenship, type of decision and type of reason (also for unaccompanied minors);
Final decisions in appeal or review on applications by citizenship, age, sex and type of decision (also for unaccompanied minors);
Decisions withdrawing status granted as final decision in appeal or review by citizenship, type of decision and type of reason (also for unaccompanied minors).
Resettled persons:
Resettled persons by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Resettled persons by citizenship, age, sex and country of previous residence;
Resettled persons by citizenship, age, sex and type of decision;
Resettled persons by citizenship, age, sex and resettlement framework.
In March 2022, the European Commission activated the Temporary Protection Directive 2001/55/EC for people from Ukraine seeking refuge.
Temporary protection:
Decisions granting temporary protection by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of the month by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors).
3.2. Classification system
Same as Eurostat.
See table 3.2. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Migration and asylum – Asylum statistics.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Same definitions as Eurostat.
See table 3.4. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
3.5. Statistical unit
Persons.
3.6. Statistical population
Third-country nationals and stateless persons.
See table 3.6. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
3.7. Reference area
Romania
3.8. Coverage - Time
Time coverage according to Regulation (EC) No 862/2007, from January 2008, eventually January 2021.
Data on first-time asylum applicants are not available from January 2008 to December 2010.
Data on applicants processed under accelerated procedure are not available from January 2021 to December 2023 (derogation).
Data on applicants who benefited from material reception conditions are not available from 2021 to 2023 (derogation).
Data on withdrawn final decisions are not available for 2010.
See table 3.8. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Number of persons.
Calendar month, calendar quarter and calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The compilation of asylum statistics is based on Regulation (EC) 862/2007 as amended by the Regulation (EU) 2020/851 and the Commission Regulation (EU) No 216/2010. As a national framework, there is the Government Decision 639/2007 regarding the structure and the attributions of the General Inspectorate for Immigration. General Inspectorate for Immigration is the institution of the central public administration, with legal personality, subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which exercises the powers given to it by law for the implementation of Romania's policies in the fields of migration, asylum and integration of foreigners, as well as the relevant legislation in these fields.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Order of Ministry of Interior 10/2017 for the approval of the Regulation on the organization and functioning of the General Inspectorate for Immigration.This regulation establish that Risk Analysis Unit performs specific tasks as national contact point for the exchange of statistical data with the Statistical Office of the EU—EUROSTAT, in application of Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No. 311/76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Regarding the national legislation, there is the Law No. 190 of 18 July 2018 on measures for the enforcement of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation).
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
8.1. Release calendar
Not applicable.
8.2. Release calendar access
Not applicable.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Not applicable.
Monthly, quarterly and annually.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not applicable.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not applicable.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not applicable.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Not available.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not applicable.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not available.
11.1. Quality assurance
Not available.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Asylum statistics in Romania are based on administrative sources. Romania is following the requirements of the Regulation (EC) 862/2007 and the quality of the data may be assessed as very good.
The key users of asylum statistics are Eurostat, European Union Asylum Agency (EUAA), national ministries, various N.G.O.'s and researchers.
The data relevance can be assessed as very good according to frequent informal and formal communication and feedback from users.
The accuracy of the asylum data produced by Romania is considered to be very good.
The asylum statistics benefit from the well established data collection and as well from the Regulation (EC) 862/2007 which defines certain deadlines for data transmission to Eurostat. The regulation specifies that the monthly and quarterly data must be reported to Eurostat not later than 2 months after the end of a reference period, while the annual data must be reported to Eurostat not later than 3 months after the end of the reference year.
Regulation (EC) 862/2007 ensures the harmonisation of the concepts and definitions applied by the Member States for reporting the asylum data to Eurostat. Furthermore, the increased degree of harmonisation in the management of asylum systems in the EU (for example, through the implementation of the Common European Asylum System or via the support of the EUAA) has helped to ensure that these administrative sources and the resulting statistical data are highly comparable.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The level of satisfaction of user needs is determined based on consultations with users or on feedback obtained through communication at a technical level.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not applicable.
12.3. Completeness
The type of withdrawal is missing for withdrawals of asylum applications from January 2021 to December 2023 (derogation).
See table 12.3. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not applicable.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
An estimated 99% accuracy.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable
13.3.1. Coverage error
There are no coverage errors and no non-response errors.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Data is provided to Eurostat within the requested deadlines.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
Data are delivered on time.
See table 14.2. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Not applicable.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Data is geographically comparable across the country.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Data are comparable over time.
See table 15.2. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not applicable.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
17.1. Data revision - policy
No revision.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Revisions of withdrawn applications for the period from January 2024 to January 2025 in May 2025 (adding type of withdrawal).
See table 17.2. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
Administrative data - General Inspectorate for Immigration.
See table 18.1. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Each time a case is processed.
18.3. Data collection
All raw data on asylum applications, decisions etc. is implemented and stored in the IT system (administrative records). Data for asylum statistics is extracted from the IT system and processed, followed by implementing it in the templates provided by Eurostat and transformed into csv.
18.4. Data validation
Check that the population coverage is accurate, as required according to the definitions of the Eurostat technical guidelines.
Compare the data with data of previous periods.
Check for outliers.
Investigate inconsistencies in the statistics (checking the consistency of "Total" values over each variable).
Verify the statistics against expectations and domain intelligence.
Confront the data against other relevant data (if applicable, e.g. RESPER statistics for positive decisions, data from other countries).
Data collection on asylum statistics contains statistical information based on the Article 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection.
Asylum applications:
Asylum, first time and subsequent applicants by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Persons subject of asylum applications pending at the end of month by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Asylum applications withdrawn by citizenship, age, sex and type of withdrawal (also for unaccompanied minors);
Asylum applicants having had their applications processed under the accelerated procedure by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Applicants having benefited from material reception conditions at the end of the reference year;
Asylum applicants considered to be unaccompanied minors by citizenship, age and sex.
Decisions on asylum applications:
First instance decisions on applications by citizenship, age, sex and type of decision (also for unaccompanied minors);
Decisions withdrawing status granted at first instance decision by citizenship, type of decision and type of reason (also for unaccompanied minors);
Final decisions in appeal or review on applications by citizenship, age, sex and type of decision (also for unaccompanied minors);
Decisions withdrawing status granted as final decision in appeal or review by citizenship, type of decision and type of reason (also for unaccompanied minors).
Resettled persons:
Resettled persons by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Resettled persons by citizenship, age, sex and country of previous residence;
Resettled persons by citizenship, age, sex and type of decision;
Resettled persons by citizenship, age, sex and resettlement framework.
In March 2022, the European Commission activated the Temporary Protection Directive 2001/55/EC for people from Ukraine seeking refuge.
Temporary protection:
Decisions granting temporary protection by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors);
Beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of the month by citizenship, age and sex (also for unaccompanied minors).
15 September 2025
Same definitions as Eurostat.
See table 3.4. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
Persons.
Third-country nationals and stateless persons.
See table 3.6. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
Romania
Calendar month, calendar quarter and calendar year.
An estimated 99% accuracy.
Number of persons.
Data extracted and processed from the IT system.
Administrative data - General Inspectorate for Immigration.
See table 18.1. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
Monthly, quarterly and annually.
Data is provided to Eurostat within the requested deadlines.
Data is geographically comparable across the country.
Data are comparable over time.
See table 15.2. in annex ‘Quality report tables Asylum’.
