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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | INSEE (for the French Public Statistical System - SSP) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Division Enquêtes thématiques et études transversales - Timbre E430 |
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1.5. Contact mail address | 88 avenue Verdier CS 70058 |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 03/11/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 08/04/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 08/04/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Data on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage and e-commerce in enterprises are survey data. They are collected by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are in principle based on Eurostat's annual model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Large part of the data collected is used to measure the progress in the implementation of one of the main political priorities of the European Commission for 2019 to 2024 – A Europe fit for the digital age. Part of this is the "European strategy for data", envisioning a single market for data to ensure the EU's global competitiveness and data sovereignty, in which context a comprehensive set of new rules for all digital services was proposed: the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act, which are centrepieces of the EU digital strategy. Furthermore, the Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy presented a new “EU cybersecurity strategy”, which is intended to bolster the EU's collective resilience against cyber threats, safeguard a global and open internet and protect EU values and the fundamental rights of its people. Furthermore, data will allow monitoring the progress towards A Europe fit for the digital age, one of the six priorities for the period 2019-2024 of the von der Leyen European Commission. The aim of the European survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises is to collect and disseminate harmonised and comparable information at European level.
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3.2. Classification system | |||
3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
All economic activities in the scope of Annex I of the Commission Regulation are intended to be included in the general survey, covering enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons. These activities are: NACE Rev. 2 sections C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M and N, division 95.1. For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below. |
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3.3.1. Coverage-sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - All NACE Rev. 2 categories are covered | |||
3.3.2. Coverage sector economic activity for micro-enterprises - If not all activities were covered, which ones were covered? | |||
Micro-enterprises are not included in the survey. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
The model questionnaire on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides a large variety of variables covering among others the following areas: - Access to and use of the Internet - E-commerce and e-business - Use of cloud computing services - Artificial Intelligence - Other topics: Data utilisation, sharing, analytics and trading, Invoicing. The annual model questionnaires and the European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises comprise definitions and explanations regarding the topics of the survey. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Enterprise |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Target Population As required by Annex of the Commission Implementing Regulation, enterprises with 10 or more employees and self-employed persons shall be covered by the survey. For micro-enterprises see the sub-concepts below. |
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3.6.1. Coverage of micro-enterprises | |||
No | |||
3.6.2. Breakdown between size classes [0 to 1] and [2 to 9] | |||
No | |||
3.6.3. If for micro-enterprises different size delimitation was used, please indicate it. | |||
Not applicable |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
France (all territory, including overseas regions). |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Years 2022 and 2023. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable |
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Percentages of enterprises, Percentages of turnover, Percentages of employees and self-employed persons, Million euro. |
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Reference periods defined in the model questionnaire were followed in the national survey. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in enterprises: The survey is mandatory at national level. Non-respondent units can be fined by the litigation commitee after the data collection period. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Data are shared on demand within the national statistical system. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society. At national level : No cell of the table may concern less than three units. No cell of the table may contain data for which a company represents more than 85 % of the total. No cell of the table can be calculated from other cells.
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Data are transmitted via eDamis (encrypted) and delivered to a secure environment where they are treated. Flags are added for confidentiality in case results must not be disclosed. At national level : The tool Tau-Argus is used to identify values to flag as confidential. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Some indicators calculated from microdata are planned to be disseminated in December 2023. A publication analysing results of the survey is planned to be released in April 2024. There is a short-time release calendar on Insee website. Annexes: Short time release calendar |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Not available.
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Data tables of indicators and a thematic analyse are publicly disseminated on our website Insee.fr. Information on publication releases is given by Insee twitter account. Users can also subscribe to the newsletter on Insee.fr. Annexes: Data tables of 2022 ICT survey on enterprises Analysis publication related to 2022 ICT survey on enterprises National X (twitter) account |
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Annual |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
National dissemination of results Information on publication releases is given by Insee twitter account. Users can also subscribe to the newsletter on Insee.fr. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
National dissemination of results Some indicators calculated from microdata are planned to be disseminated in December 2023. A publication analysing results of the survey is planned to be released in April 2024. Annexes: Dissemination of results location |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
See detailed section 10.3.1. |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Results for selected variables collected in the framework of this survey are available for all participating countries on Digital economy and society of Eurostat website. At national level :
Every survey year leads to a database publication, there is no fixed location on the Insee website for a unique database. The number of consultations is not available.
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Microdata are disseminated via the CASD. Any access has to be justified and granted (for example a study of a PHD student) by the Insee comité du secret. Some restrictions (for example relating to confidentiality) are indicated to users. Annexes: CASD website |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not requested |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Not requested |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
A national quality report is published in French and in English in SIMS format. |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Not requested |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
At the end of the survey, a methodological documentation of every part of the survey process is published with microdata (with restricted access, see 10.4). |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
The European businesses statistics compliers’ manual for ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires. At national level : The Methodological Manual provides guidelines and standards for the implementation of the surveys in the Member States. It is updated every year according to the changed contents of the model questionnaires. The quality informations are filled in the SIMS format. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
European level : At European level, the recommended use of the annual Eurostat model questionnaire aims at improving comparability of the results among the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Moreover, the Methodological Manual provides guidelines and clarifications for the implementation of the surveys. National level : Model questionnaire is translated to produce the national questionnaire. Methodological Manual guidelines are also used. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
European level : At European level, European Commission users (e.g. DG CNECT, DG GROW, DG JUST, DG REGIO, DG JRC) are the principal users of the data on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises and contribute in identifying/defining the topics to be covered. Hence, main users are consulted regularly (at hearings, task forces, ad hoc meetings) for their needs and are involved in the process of the development of the model questionnaires at a very early stage. User needs are considered throughout the whole discussion process of the model questionnaires aiming at providing relevant statistical data for monitoring and benchmarking of European policies. National level : Once available, the model questionnaire is translated into French and discussed with national stakeholders (from administrations and civil society) and users (e.g. researchers). The discussion includes fine-tuning the translations, choosing the proper examples, deciding on the optional questions considering the overall response burden/length of the questionnaire and sometimes adding national questions. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
European level : At European level, contacts within the Commission, the OECD and other stakeholders give a clear picture about the key users' satisfaction as to the following data quality aspects: accuracy and reliability of results, timeliness, satisfactory accessibility, clarity and comparability over time and between countries, completeness and relevance. Overall users have evaluated positively (good, very good) the data quality on the ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. National level : A satisfaction survey is being conducted from March until June 2020 on data users (users displaying ICT survey aggregated data and publications on the NSI website or being granted an access to ICT survey microdata through CASD.eu). Results have been detailed in the 2020 quality report. During the annual meeting concerning the national questionnaire, users provide feedback on the survey. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Detailed information is available in “ Annex I _ Completeness “ excel file - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions. Annexes: Annex I _ Completeness |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Not requested. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comments on reliability and representativeness of results and completeness of dataset These comments reflect overall standard errors reported for the indicators and breakdowns in section 13.2.1 (Sampling error - indicators) and the rest of the breakdowns for national and European aggregates, as well as other accuracy measurements. The estimated standard error should not exceed 2pp for the overall proportions and should not exceed 5pp for the proportions related to the different subgroups of the population (for those NACE aggregates for the calculation and dissemination of national aggregates). If problems were found, these could have implications for future surveys (e.g. need to improve sampling design, to increase sample sizes, to increase the response rates). More detailed information is available in “ Annex II. _ Accuracy “ excel file - related to European aggregates, comments on reliability and use of flag. Annexes: Annex II. _ Accuracy |
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13.2. Sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For calculation of the standard error see 13.2.1.1. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard error (for selected indicators and breakdowns) Precision measures related to variability due to sampling, unit non-response (the size of the subset of respondents is smaller than the size of the original sample) and other (imputation for item non-response, calibration etc.) are not (yet) required from the Member states for all indicators. Eurostat will make basic assumptions to compute these measures for all indicators produced (e.g. stratified random sampling assuming as strata the crossing of the variables “Number of employees and self-employed persons” and “Economic Activity” as it was defined in the 3 tables of section 18.1). More detailed information is available in“ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file – worksheets starting with “Standard error". |
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13.2.1.1. Sampling error indicator calculation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calculation of the standard error Various methods can be used for the calculation of the standard error for an estimated proportion. The aim is to incorporate into the standard error the sampling variability but also variability due to unit non-response, item non-response (imputation), calibration etc. In case of census / take-all strata, the aim is to calculate the standard errors comprising the variability due to unit non-response and item non-response.
Annexes: Standard error basic formula |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See detailed sections below. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See concept 18.1.1. A) Description of frame population. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Over-coverage is treated during collection: |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
None |
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13.3.3. Non response error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See detailed sections below. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See detailed sub-concepts below. |
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13.3.3.1.1. Unit response | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table contains the number of units (i.e. enterprises), by type of response to the survey and by the percentage of these values in relation to the gross sample size.
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13.3.3.1.2. Methods used for minimizing unit non-response | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monitoring the survey included the following phases: |
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13.3.3.1.3. Methods used for unit non-response treatment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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13.3.3.1.4. Assessment of unit non-response bias | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not available |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not available |
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13.3.3.2.1. Methods used for item non-response treatment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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13.3.3.2.2. Questions or items with item response rates below 90% and other comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comments relating to the item non-response
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13.3.4. Processing error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There is no imputation for unit non-response (treated with reweighing). The imputation rates for item non-response are attached (file Imputation_rates_2023.ods). Annexes: 2023 imputation rates by variable |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not requested |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
See detailed section below. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
European level : Data are to be delivered to Eurostat in the fourth quarter of the reference year (due date for the finalised dataset is 5th October). European results are released before the end of the survey year or in the beginning of the year following the survey year (T=reference year, T+0 for indicators referring to the current year, T+12 months for other indicators referring to the previous year e.g. e-commerce). At national level : December of the reference year. T+0 for indicators referring to the current year, T+12 months for other indicators referring to the previous year. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
See detailed section below. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Date of data delivery to Eurostat : 05/10/2023 Time lag between the actual date of data delivery to Eurostat and the deadline (5th October) : 0 |
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The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in reference periods, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the metadata. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
The model questionnaire is generally used by the countries that conduct the survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Due to (small) differences in translation, in the used survey vehicle, in non-response treatment or different routing through the questionnaire, some results for some countries may be of reduced comparability. In these cases, notes are added in the data. Detailed information on differences in the wording of the questions in the national questionnaires is available in “ Annex I _ Completeness “ excel file - related to questionnaire, coverage, additional questions. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
See section below. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and the variable considered within each survey module. Additional information is available in annexes attached to the European metadata. No significant change that could impact the comparability with previous year. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Not applicable |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
Not applicable |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Not applicable |
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Restricted from publication |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Should a considerable mistake be noticed after the timely data transmission, a corrected table would be produced and sent, even years after (as was done in 2018 to fix mistakes in number of person employed in 2016 data). |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Not available |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not requested |
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18.1. Source data | ||||||||||
A) Frame population description and distribution For more information see concept 18.1.1.
B) Sampling design - Sampling method Description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE Rev. 2 categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata:
This section includes a description of the sampling method used (e.g. stratified random sample, quota sampling, cluster sampling; one-stage or two-stage sampling) and information which variables were used to stratify, the categories of those variables, in particular for the NACE categories related to the "possible calculation of European aggregates", and the final number of strata.
The sample is stratified by sector (divisions or groupings of divisions), reported employment and turnover (about 200 non-empty strata each year). Random sampling is used for most strata. A full enumera on is used for strata meeting one of the following criteria (take-all strata):
C) Gross sample distribution More detailed information is available in “ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file (Worksheet: GROSS SAMPLE)
D) Net sample distribution More detailed information is available in “ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file (Worksheet: NET SAMPLE) Annexes: Sample and standard error tables 2023 |
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18.1.1. Population frame | ||||||||||
A) Description of frame population
B) Frame population distribution More detailed information is available in “ Sample and standard error tables 2023 “ excel file (Worksheet: FRAME POPULATION) |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||
Annual |
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18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||
See detailed sections below. |
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18.3.1. Survey period | ||||||||||
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18.3.2. Survey vehicle – general survey | ||||||||||
General survey - Stand-alone survey | ||||||||||
18.3.3. Survey vehicle – micro-enterprises | ||||||||||
The collection of micro-enterprises was integrated with the general survey | ||||||||||
18.3.4. Survey type | ||||||||||
Web survey (using phone, mails and emails for reminders and further information). If the enterprise doesn't want to answer using the website, self-administered mail survey (less than 1% of the respondents, either paper or email PDF). |
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18.3.5. Survey participation | ||||||||||
Mandatory | ||||||||||
18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||
The server based validation tool by Eurostat is used. We also check for consistency during various stages of the data collection and processing. |
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18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||
Grossing-up procedures As for the majority of surveys at INSEE, the procedure used is calibration on margins using CALMAR (SAS macro “calage sur marges”). |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | ||||||||||
There is no imputation for unit non-response (treated with reweighing). Annexes: 2023 imputation rates |
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18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||
Not applicable |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | ||||||||||
Not applicable |
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Problems encountered and lessons to be learnt: |
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19.1. Documents | ||||||||||
Annexes: Questionnaire in English Questionnaire in national language Internal note - sampling request Internal note - sampling delivery |
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Annex I._Completeness 2023 Annex II._ Accuracy 2023 Sample and standard error tables 2023 |