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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: EUROPEAN STATISTICAL DATA SUPPORT |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Norway |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Departement for business and environmental statistics; Division for energy, environmental and transport statistics. |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Statistics Norway Pb 1400 Rasta 2225 Kongsvinger |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 14/06/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 14/06/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 14/06/2023 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables. PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The country |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
1990-2021 |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ). |
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The data refer to the calendar year. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts). |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
About confidentiality in Statistics Norway: Methods in official statistics (ssb.no) |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
About confidentiality in data treatment in Statistics Norway: Methods in official statistics (ssb.no) |
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Statistics Norway have a release calender with planned dissemination three months ahead. https://www.ssb.no/en/kommende-publiseringer |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Statistics Norway have a release calender with planned dissemination three months ahead. https://www.ssb.no/en/kommende-publiseringer The energy accounts is published in June each year. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Release calendar available at SSB.no: https://www.ssb.no/en/kommende-publiseringer |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The statistics is available for all users at the same time, at 8:00 am on the day of dissemination. |
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Annually |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
See 10.5.1 |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
See 10.6.1 |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
About quality in Statistics Norway: Quality in official statistics (ssb.no) |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
From the statistical program in Statistics Norway: Requirements for official statistics (ssb.no) |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The data is used by other divisions in Statistics Norway and in international reporting to Eurostat and IEA. We collaborate with several organizations which is interested in energydata:
All the energydata applies that we have annually meeting with advisory committee of main users and collaboration with relevant institutions and organisations. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
See 12.1 |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
See 12.3.1 |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable to statistical accounts. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
The energy accounts are published 6 months after the end of the reference period. |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please see the table in 15.2.1.1. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PEFA follows the so-called residence principle for Norway and are coherent with ESA tables. |
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15.3.3. Do you cooperate with national colleagues compiling AEA? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes, we cooperate with national colleagues who is responsible for compiling AEA. |
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15.3.4. Are there compilation elements that PEFA compilers jointly undertake with AEA compilers (e.g. distribution of road transport fuel use and emissions by NACE)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We have the same datasources as AEA. |
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15.3.5. Do you report in PEFA imports and exports according to the SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods (see SEEA-CF section 3.3.3, paras. 3.121 ff., and para. 1.46)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes, to some point. |
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15.3.6. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between your PEFA data on air transport versus OECD's data on CO2-emissions of air transport? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No, we haven't done that. |
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15.3.7. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and corresponding data points in energy statistics (see PEFA validation rules)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes, we do. Many sources for PEFA and energy statistics are the same and we have a common database for the sources. |
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15.3.8. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) (see PEFA validation rules)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No, we haven't dont that. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points. |
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The annual operational cost in 2021: 9 510 700 NOK. The sum stated shall cover an approximate total cost for creating figures for publication and reporting.We can not breakdown any further. Recent and current efforts to improve efficiency: We work to reduce manual operations, more machine controls of the data material. We work continuously to improve questionnaires to respondents and streamline the production system with available tools. Burden: The total number of hours spent by respondents was approximate 3000 hours. Efforts to reduce respondent burden: We work continuously to improve questionnaires to respondents and we replaces figures or questionnaires with administrative register if possible.
The working time needed for the production of PEFA is about 2 months.
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Principles for revisions in Statistics Norway This document describes the overarching principles and guidelines for the revision of published statistics in Statistics Norway. The practice followed for the individual statistics is documented on the relevant statistics’ home page under the tabs “About the statistics” and, where applicable, “About seasonal adjustment” on ssb.no The principles follow the recommendations in the European guidelines on statistics (European Code of Practice − CoP) along with the accompanying Quality Assurance Framework – QAF and the European statistical system’s guidelines on revision policy for Principal European Economic Indicators – PEEIs. This means that the revisions follow common procedures and principles and are documented and made public. Published figures may be revised due to errors, but revisions can also be planned. The overarching revision policy described in this document relates solely to the handling of planned revisions. Principles for handling errors are described in Principles for correcting errors in publications in Statistics Norway. Revisions are planned when new and improved data sources become available (often data in administrative data systems that has arrived late), when adjustments are made to figures in short-term statistics after comparison with the corresponding annual statistics, or when methodologies, classifications or definitions have been changed, for example with a new base year or new weights. It is useful to distinguish between regular and non-regular revisions. Regular revisions comprise the publishing of final figures that are published after preliminary figures and, for example, revisions as a result of seasonal adjustment. Non-regular revisions cover the main revisions, such as the national accounts, but can also be undertaken for individual statistics. Principles The following main principles apply to revisions:
More details are given below for some of the principles. Criteria for revisions – why and how Timeliness and accuracy are two key quality dimensions in statistics. These must be balanced against each other as the accuracy normally increases with a longer production period. This particularly applies to statistics based on registers, where updates may be subject to delays. In sample surveys, it may also be necessary to choose between concluding the data collection early where there is a low response rate and sending several reminders to respondents in order to get as high a response rate, and thus accuracy, as possible. In order to safeguard both the timeliness and accuracy of statistics, regular preliminary figures are published for many of the statistics, and these can be revised once or several times to improve the accuracy. Revision analyses provide a basis for such considerations. In addition, seasonal adjustment in itself will lead to changes in previously published figures - even though there are no changes in the historical non-seasonally-adjusted figures. Non-regular revisions/main revisions take place mainly in macroeconomic statistics that are based on a range of statistics. These revisions follow international guidelines, such as those for the national accounts. An important characteristic of such statistics is that they describe the development of the economy over many years. New data sources and methods (which are also reflected in new guidelines) may be incorporated into the statistics every few years in main revisions, which will ensure consistency between different statistical systems and comparability between countries. Such revisions are undertaken in line with a common plan that the users will be informed about in advance, and as early as possible. Non-regular revisions of other statistics may also be carried out as a result of new data sources and methods. Users shall be informed of all revisions as early as possible. Preliminary figures When publishing figures that are preliminary, this should be stipulated in the text and tables. This also applies to the StatBank. When the preliminary figures are replaced by final figures or a later version of preliminary figures, the original figures are normally overwritten in the StatBank. However, the original figures can be stored in separate tables at the request of the user. For some statistics, preliminary figures are revised several times (e.g. monthly figures for foreign trade of goods, which are updated in each release within a year), while some statistics are not revised even though corrections are made to the data on which the statistics are based (e.g. the population statistics, which are based on the last register status and not revised retrospectively). It is important to consider whether statistics should be revised, and if so, how many times and for what period of time. Revision analyses and discussion with users provide a basis for such considerations. Revision for each survey When preliminary figures are published for surveys, this should be stated in “About the statistics” for the relevant statistics. A description shall be given of regular revisions and planned major revisions. The procedure for the revision of seasonally-adjusted series should also be described in “About seasonal adjustment.” “About the statistics”/”About seasonal adjustment” should also include a description of regular revision analyses. Discussions with users Methods for the revision of published figures shall be discussed regularly with the users of the relevant statistics. For statistics with an advisory committee, this should be a natural point on the agenda.
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
See 17.1 |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts. |
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18.1.1. Which are the main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs (i.e. who is extracting)? | |||
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18.1.2. Which are the main data sources you employ for supply of energy products (e.g. electricity, refinery products etc.)? | |||
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18.1.3. Which are the main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions)? | |||
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18.1.4. Which are the main data sources you employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use)? | |||
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18.1.5. Which auxiliary data do you use to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption? | |||
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18.1.6. Do you use the PEFA builder? If yes: for populating the PEFA Tables, or for control only? | |||
No. We have tried several times but it stopped because of the figures in the different questionnaires for the energy balances. |
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18.1.7. Which data sources do you use to make adjustments for the residence principle? | |||
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Annually |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
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18.4. Data validation | |||
The data sources are checked against other relevant data, the statistics are compared with previous periods. There is a constant work to check for inconsistencies in the statistics.
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
The main datasources:
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.2. Do you assign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35, or do you assign some to other NACE divisions than D35? Is the assignment you did fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by your country? | |||
We have also some figures in E37-39, CHP plants that produce electricity as a secondary activity. The figures are correct, even though our monetary supply tables only show supply of electricity in NACE D. |
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18.5.3. Which method do you use for the allocation of road transport energy use to NACE industries and households? | |||
Consumption of natural gas and biogas for road transport is collected through annual form-based surveys of businesses that sell natural gas and biogas for use in Norway. Consumption of petroleum products and biofuels is covered by the annual statistics on sales of petroleum products and biofuels. In our system for the energy accounts and the energy balance, it is assumed that road diesel, motor gasoline and LPG sold to these industries are used for road transport and that off-road diesel, light heating oil and heating kerosene are used for stationary purposes in the industries. For electricity used in road transport, calculations are made based on driving distances. |
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18.5.4. Which method do you use for the allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98)? | |||
The main datasources:
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18.5.5. How do you ensure a coherent assignment of energy use to economic activities (i.e. the use of energy products by a given production activity (NACE A*64 division) reported in PEFA must be coherent with the emissions reported in AEA)? | |||
We use the same datasources and calculations and we collaborate with the team that works with the AEA. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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