Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.
PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:
Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates.
Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA. As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES). Three concepts are essential to PEFA: 1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely: a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.; b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.; c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment. 2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA; 3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
3.5. Statistical unit
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
3.6. Statistical population
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
3.7. Reference area
The whole economic territory of the country, as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
3.8. Coverage - Time
2016
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).
The data refer to the calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).
In the process of statistical data collection, processing and analysis and dissemination of statistical information, Statistics Lithuania fully guarantees the confidentiality of the data submitted by respondents (households, enterprises, institutions, organisations and other statistical units), as defined in the Confidentiality Policy Guidelines of Statistics Lithuania.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Statistical Disclosure Control Manual, approved by Order No DĮ-107 of 26 April 2022 of the Director General of Statistics Lithuania;
The State Data Governance Information System Data Security Regulations and Rules for the Secure Management of Electronic Information in the State Data Governance Information System, approved by Order No DĮ-202 of 27 August 2021 of the Director General of Statistics Lithuania
8.1. Release calendar
Statistical information is published on the Official Statistics Portalaccording to the Official Statistics Calendar.
Statistical information is prepared and disseminated under the principle of impartiality and objectivity, i.e. in a systematic, reliable and unbiased manner, following professional and ethical standards (the European Statistics Code of Practice), and the policies and practices followed are transparent to users and survey respondents.
All users have equal access to statistical information. All statistical information is published at the same time – at 9 a.m. on the day of publication of statistical information as indicated in the calendar on the Official Statistics Portal. Relevant statistical information is sent automatically to news subscribers.
The President and Prime Minister of the Republic of Lithuania, their advisers, the Ministers of Finance, Economy and Innovation, as well as Social Security and Labour or their authorized persons, as well as, in exceptional cases, external experts and researchers have the right to receive early statistical information. The specified persons are entitled to receive statistical reports on GDP, inflation, employment and unemployment and other particularly relevant statistical reports one day prior to the publication of this statistical information on the Official Statistics Portal. Before exercising the right of early receipt of statistical information, a person shall sign an undertaking not to disseminate the statistical information received before it has been officially published.
Statistical information is published following the Official Statistics Dissemination Policy Guidelines and Statistical Information Dissemination and Communication Rules of Statistics Lithuania approved by Order No DĮ-176 of 2 July 2021 of the Director General of Statistics Lithuania.
Data is disseminated once a year after 21 months of the end of the reference year.
The quality of statistical information and its production process is ensured by the provisions of the European Statistics Code of Practice. In 2007, a management system, conforming with the requirements of the international quality management system standard ISO 9001, was introduced at Statistics Lithuania.
In 2007, a quality management system, conforming to the requirements of the international quality management system standard ISO 9001, was introduced at Statistics Lithuania. The main trends in activity of Statistics Lithuania aimed at quality management and continuous development in the institution are established in the Quality Policy.
Monitoring of the quality indicators of statistical processes and their results and self-evaluation of statistical survey managers is regularly carried out in order to identify areas which need improvement and to promptly eliminate shortcomings.
More information on assurance of quality of statistical information and its preparation is published in the Quality Management section on the Statistics Lithuania website.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Quality of data complies with the accuracy, timeliness and punctuality, comparability and compatibility requirements. The quality of the received information is analyzed by assessing statistical indicators. Divergent values of indicators are identified and analyzed. Identified inaccuracies in the statistics are edited. Additional statistical control of the data quality is performed in macro data level. In order to ensure the quality of statistical information, the necessary statistical data sources are selected, the macro-editing of the obtained results (verification, analysis and validation) is performed. An analysis of changes in results is obtained, logical control and the causes of significant changes are determined. The aggregated statistical PEFA data are compared with the results of the annual energy statistics for the respective year and administrative data.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Statistics Lithuania pays particular attention to strengthening the relation with users. Users are provided a possibility to put forward suggestions and comments by e-mail and via the Internet, attend meetings and trainings, which are regularly organized by Statistics Lithuania. Following the provisions of the Code of Practice, Statistics Lithuania pays particular attention to informing users about methods used for the preparation of statistical information and its quality. The website of Statistics Lithuania, section Statistics (pre-defined tables), presents the methodologies of statistical surveys and quality reports on statistical indicators based on the ESS quality requirements for statistical information.
The main users of statistical information are State and municipal authorities and agencies, international organisations, the media, research and business communities, students, whose needs are satisfied without a breach of the confidentiality principle.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Statistics Lithuania pays particular attention to strengthening the relation with users. Users are provided a possibility to put forward suggestions and comments by e-mail and via the Internet, attend meetings and trainings, which are regularly organized by Statistics Lithuania. In order to ensure the quality of statistical information and provided services, Statistics Lithuania, starting from 2005, has been regularly carrying out user satisfaction surveys. The results of these surveys are analyzed and improvement actions are planned. From 2007, it has been started to estimate the customer satisfaction level. The said surveys are aimed at the assessment of the overall demand for and necessity of statistical information in general and specific statistical indicators in particular.
More information on user opinion surveys and results thereof are published in the User Surveys section on the Statistics Lithuania website.
12.3. Completeness
All statistical indicators established by the legislation are published.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
In order to ensure the accuracy of statistical information, the necessary statistical data sources are selected, the macro-editing of the obtained results (verification, analysis and validation) is performed. An analysis of changes in results is obtained, logical control and the causes of significant changes are determined. The aggregated statistical PEFA data are compared with the results of the annual energy statistics for the respective year and administrative data.
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and in so far comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed
Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):
Year (of the break in series)
Questionnaire table(s)
Columns (NACE Rev. 2 activity, households etc.)
Rows (natural energy inputs, energy products, energy residuals)
Reason for' break in time series'
There are no breaks in the series.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
There are adjustments and re-arrangements of data in accordance with national accounts principles and rules. These same principles also apply to AEA. All adjustments are done for total economy and data on energy use is broken down, the same principles apply in AEA.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
The data are validated during the production process, and consistency towards the energy balances, energy statistics and the national accounts are ensured as far as possible.
15.3.3. Do you cooperate with national colleagues compiling AEA?
There are adjustments and re-arrangements of data in accordance with national accounts principles and rules. These same principles also apply to AEA. All adjustments are done for total economy and data on energy use is broken down, the same principles apply in AEA.
15.3.4. Are there compilation elements that PEFA compilers jointly undertake with AEA compilers (e.g. distribution of road transport fuel use and emissions by NACE)?
The data used for the AEA and PEFA compilation are based on the same energy statistics. These same statistics are also used in the compilation process for energy products of national accounts
15.3.5. Do you report in PEFA imports and exports according to the SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods (see SEEA-CF section 3.3.3, paras. 3.121 ff., and para. 1.46)?
No.
15.3.6. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between your PEFA data on air transport versus OECD's data on CO2-emissions of air transport?
No.
15.3.7. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and corresponding data points in energy statistics (see PEFA validation rules)?
The aggregated statistical PEFA data are compared with the results of the annual energy statistics for the respective year and administrative data.
PEFA is consistent with annual Fuel and Energy Survey. In order to maintain accuracy, common indicators are compared. Values match.
15.3.8. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) (see PEFA validation rules)?
No.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.
Cost: In 2023, the amount of EUR 9 thousand was allocated for the PEFA.
The revision policy covers all national data collections.
17.2. Data revision - practice
No revisions for the previously released PEFA data were made.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
We use our national questionnaires: Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01), Electricity Distribution Survey (EN-12 and EN-17), Oil and Petroleum Products Balance Survey (EN-06), Fuel and Energy Consumption Statistical Questionnaire (EN-10), Quarterly Survey of Cross-Border Transactions of Non-Bank Enterprises (F-06). Additionally we use Supply and Use tables which are compiled by our National Accounts Division, and GHG emissions (Inventory report) from the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania.
18.1.1. Which are the main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs (i.e. who is extracting)?
The main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs is our national questionnaire - Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01).
18.1.2. Which are the main data sources you employ for supply of energy products (e.g. electricity, refinery products etc.)?
The main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs is our national questionnaires: Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01) and Oil and Petroleum Products Balance Survey (EN-06).
18.1.3. Which are the main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions)?
The main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions) is our national questionnaire - Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01).
18.1.4. Which are the main data sources you employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use)?
The main data sources employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use) is our national questionnaires: Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01) and Fuel and Energy Consumption Statistical Questionnaire (EN-10).
18.1.5. Which auxiliary data do you use to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption?
Supply and use tables (National accounts) are used in order to get information on commercial and services sector as well as to calculate use of transport fuels for the respective activities and households.
18.1.6. Do you use the PEFA builder? If yes: for populating the PEFA Tables, or for control only?
No.
18.1.7. Which data sources do you use to make adjustments for the residence principle?
The data were adjusted for the residence principle as follows: as regards road transport, energy use of diesel and gasoline for heavy-duty vehicles by resident and non-resident units were calculated using the statistics on goods/freight transport and formulas from the manual for emission accounts. We make an assumption that light vehicles fuel consumption for residents and non-residents are equal. As regards international aviation, calculations are based on the data from surveys EN-01 where companies provide data on "supply of jet fuels for airplanes". As regards international water transport, we use data from F-06 survey to calculate consumption in ships that fill up fuel outside the country.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annually.
18.3. Data collection
For data collection for PEFA needs we use the national questionnaires: Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01), Electricity Distribution Survey (EN-12 and EN-17), Oil and Petroleum Products Balance Survey (EN-06), Fuel and Energy Consumption Statistical Questionnaire (EN-10), Quarterly Survey of Cross-Border Transactions of Non-Bank Enterprises (F-06). A
18.4. Data validation
PEFA is consistent with annual Fuel and Energy Surveys. In order to maintain accuracy, common indicators are compared. Values match.
18.5. Data compilation
When preparing the annual energy information, the values of the statistical indicators of the research period are summed up and grouped in various sections, and the aggregate statistical data indicators are analyzed.
The values of statistical indicators are compared with the results of the previous year, the search for a record of outstanding values is performed, the compatibility of statistical indicators is checked, the relations between statistical indicators (e.g. the ratio between consumed oil and produced oil products; between consumed fuel and produced energy); biofuel blending processes, etc.), errors that affect final results are sought.
In the case of significant deviations, the reasons for the deviation shall be explained. If necessary, statistical results are recalculated.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.5.2. Do you assign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35, or do you assign some to other NACE divisions than D35? Is the assignment you did fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by your country?
All electricity and heat supply was assigned to D35. Yes, it is fully aligned with our countries ESA monetary supply table.
18.5.3. Which method do you use for the allocation of road transport energy use to NACE industries and households?
Our method was to take the data on the use of energy products for road transport and distribute them between industries and households. The main data source for the compilation was Supply and Use tables from the National Accounts and our own data from the Energy Balance.
18.5.4. Which method do you use for the allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98)?
In the services sector, we use national accounts data to separate by 2 digit NACE for all fuels.
18.5.5. How do you ensure a coherent assignment of energy use to economic activities (i.e. the use of energy products by a given production activity (NACE A*64 division) reported in PEFA must be coherent with the emissions reported in AEA)?
National Accounts supply and use tables were utilised as the auxiliary data source to obtain NACE A*64 distribution key for the PEFA use tables which is also consistent to the breakdown data sources used in AEA. Additionally, PEFA and AEA share the same data sources and methodolodgy for the resident principle and road transport allocation.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.
PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.
This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).
Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA. As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES). Three concepts are essential to PEFA: 1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely: a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.; b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.; c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment. 2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA; 3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
The whole economic territory of the country, as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.
The data refer to the calendar year.
In order to ensure the accuracy of statistical information, the necessary statistical data sources are selected, the macro-editing of the obtained results (verification, analysis and validation) is performed. An analysis of changes in results is obtained, logical control and the causes of significant changes are determined. The aggregated statistical PEFA data are compared with the results of the annual energy statistics for the respective year and administrative data.
The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).
When preparing the annual energy information, the values of the statistical indicators of the research period are summed up and grouped in various sections, and the aggregate statistical data indicators are analyzed.
The values of statistical indicators are compared with the results of the previous year, the search for a record of outstanding values is performed, the compatibility of statistical indicators is checked, the relations between statistical indicators (e.g. the ratio between consumed oil and produced oil products; between consumed fuel and produced energy); biofuel blending processes, etc.), errors that affect final results are sought.
In the case of significant deviations, the reasons for the deviation shall be explained. If necessary, statistical results are recalculated.
We use our national questionnaires: Fuel and Energy Balance (EN-01), Electricity Distribution Survey (EN-12 and EN-17), Oil and Petroleum Products Balance Survey (EN-06), Fuel and Energy Consumption Statistical Questionnaire (EN-10), Quarterly Survey of Cross-Border Transactions of Non-Bank Enterprises (F-06). Additionally we use Supply and Use tables which are compiled by our National Accounts Division, and GHG emissions (Inventory report) from the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania.
Data is disseminated once a year after 21 months of the end of the reference year.
In 21 months after the end of reference year.
Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and in so far comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
